Celerity Special Situations Fund I, L. P. (Formerly Known As Donglin Special Situations Fund I, L. P.) v. China Linkage International Ltd

Read the full judgment text of HCA 2993/2016 on BabelCite. This High Court CFI judgment was delivered on 27 March 2018.

1. By summons dated 21 February 2018 (“ the Summons ”), the plaintiff seeks, pursuant to section 52A(2) of the High Court Ordinance, Cap 4 and Order 62, rule 6A of the Rules of the High Court, Cap 4A:

Cited by 3 cases · Cites 1 case

Case No.HCA 2993/2016[2018] HKCFI 815
Court
High Court CFI
Date27 Mar 2018
Judge
Case Document
100%Judiciary

HCA 2993/2016

[2018] HKCFI 815

IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE

HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION

COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE

ACTION NO 2993 OF 2016

______________

BETWEEN
  CELERITY SPECIAL SITUATIONS FUND I, L. P. Plaintiff
  (formerly known as DONGLIN SPECIAL  
  SITUATIONS FUND I, L. P.)  
and
  CHINA LINKAGE INTERNATIONAL LIMITED Defendant
  (華運國際有限公司)  

______________

Before: Deputy High Court Judge Keith Yeung SC in Chambers
Date of Hearing: 27 March 2018
Date of Decision: 27 March 2018
Date of Reasons for Decision: 20 April 2018

__________________________

REASONS FOR DECISION

__________________________

The application

1.By summons dated 21 February 2018 (“the Summons”), the plaintiff seeks, pursuant to section 52A(2) of the High Court Ordinance, Cap 4 and Order 62, rule 6A of the Rules of the High Court, Cap 4A:

(a)   leave to join (1) Zhu Bo (朱博) (“Zhu”), (2) Yun Shicheng (運士誠) (“Yun”) and (3) China Asia Strategic Capital Limited (中亞戰略資本有限公司) (“China Asia Strategic”), being directors of the defendant, as parties to this action for the purpose of costs only (paragraph 1 of the Summons);

(b)   leave to join Yang Yajie (楊雅洁) (“Yang”), being a director of China Asia Strategic, as a party to this action for the purpose of costs only (paragraph 2 of the Summons);  

(c)   Zhu, Yun, China Asia Strategic and Yang (“the 4 Non-parties”) shall jointly and severally pay the plaintiff’s costs of and occasioned by the defendant’s summons filed on 17 July 2017 (“the Setting Aside Summons”), including all costs reserved, on an indemnity basis, with certificate for counsel for the hearing on 31 January 2018, to be taxed if not agreed (paragraph 3 of the Summons); and

(d)   there be leave for the plaintiff to serve this Summons and the affirmation in support out of jurisdiction to Zhu, Yun and Yang at those addresses and in the manner as specified on the Summons, and that such service be deemed as good service (paragraph 4 of the Summons).

Two-stage process

2.I have considered section 52A(2) and Order 62, rule 6A.  I have also considered Sun Focus Investment Ltd v Tang Shing Bor [2012] 5 HKLRD 853 and the authorities cited therein, including Robertson ResearchInternational Ltd v ABG Exploration BV [1999] CPLR 756, Anstalt v Hayek [2005] EWHC 2435 (Ch) and Symphony Group plc v Hodgson [1994] 1 QB 179.  I have also considered paragraph 62/6A/5 of Hong Kong Civil Procedure 2018.  Whilst section 52A(2) endows upon the Court the wide power to make an order for the payment of costs by a non-party if it “is satisfied that it is in the interests of justice to do so”, such an order will always be exceptional, and any application for one should be treated with considerably caution.  Such an application involves a two-stage process.  During the first stage, that person must be joined as a party to the proceedingsfor the purposes of costs only.  The Court should refuse the joinder only if it was plain and obvious that the application amounts to an abuse of process, by reason of delay or other misconduct on the part of the application, or because the application can be seen to be manifestly and fundamentally misconceived as to be an abuse by the applicant.  It is not necessary, and indeed inappropriate, to have a preliminary assessment at the first stage.  Ifthe joinder is allowed, then, at the second stage, that person must be given a reasonable opportunity to attend a hearing at which the Court shall consider the matter further.  But even at the second stage, the assessment is a summary one.    

3.We are at the first stage of this two-stage process.

Service of the Summons

4.I have read and considered the affirmations of service of Yuen Nault For, Lam Hoi Cheung and Chan Doi Chuen.  I am satisfied that all relevant papers have been posted to Zhu, Yun, China Asia Strategic and Yangat addresses gleaned variably from documents that have been filed with the Companies Registry or affirmations which some of them had previously filed in these proceedings. 

5.None of Zhu, Yun, China Asia Strategic and Yang appeared during the hearing.  I have considered Order 32, rule 5.  I took into account the fact that the Summons and the supporting affirmation had been sent to them.  I also bore in mind that, should I grant leave for the joinder and should they want to, they would have the further opportunity to be heard during the second stage.  I in the circumstances deemed it expedient to proceed with the first stage of the application in their absence, which the Court did.

The facts

6.I will be brief.

7.On 16 November 2016, the plaintiff commenced the present action against the defendant for repayment of HK$40 million under a loan agreement.  On 18 November 2016, the plaintiff obtained a Mareva injunction against the defendant, which was on 25 November 2016 ordered to be continued.  On 3 March 2017, no Acknowledgement of Service having been filed, a default judgement (“the Judgment”) was entered against the defendant.  On 18 April 2017, a winding up petition was presented against the defendant on the strength of the Judgment (“the Winding-Up Proceedings”).  On 29 May 2017, provisional liquidators were appointed.  Subsequently, China Asia Strategic as the opposing contributory sought an order for the termination of their appointment.  That hearing came before A Chan J on 16 October 2017, who on the same day dismissed the application and ordered the appointment of the provisional liquidators to continue. 

8.Amidst all these, on 17 July 2017, the Setting Aside Summons was taken out.  It was taken out in the name of the defendant.  Both Zhu and Yang filed affirmations in support of that Summons.  The summons came before Deputy Judge Le Pichon for hearing on 31 January 2018.  By her Decision handed down on 7 February 2018, Her Ladyship dismissed the application with an order nisi of costs in favour of the plaintiff.  By this Summons, the plaintiff is seeking an order that the 4 non-parties should bear the costs of and occasioned by the Setting Aside Summons.

The basis of the application

9.The basis of the plaintiff’s application is that the 4 Non-parties were collectively nominees of a company by the name of Gemini Asset Management Ltd (“Gemini”).  The plaintiff avers that shortly before the winding-up petition was presented, it discovered from the Company Registry that Gemini had registered with the Company Registry a Charge on Assets (“the Charge”) of all assets of the defendant.  The Certificate of Registration of Charge was dated 22 February 2017.  The Charge are in the following terms (“Party A” being the defendant and “Party B” being Gemini):

“ In view of the Supplemental Equity Subscription and Investment Agreement [no.]4 executed by the two parties on 15 November 2016, starting from 24 January 2017, Party A would charge at least HK$40 million of all assets under its name (except margin facilities in brokerage firm) to Party B to secure the obligations to invest and to pay compensation for breach of contract (HK$30 million). At the same time Part B could register the charge on its due day according to the law.”

10.It is the plaintiff’s case that the circumstances surrounding the creation and registration of the Charge were suspicious, that the 4 Non-parties’ active participation in the Winding-Up Proceedings was part and partial of their scheme to defraud the creditors of the defendant, and accordingly, they took out the Setting Aside Summons not for the benefit ofthe defendant or its general body of creditors, but to further their own interest.

11.In the circumstances, and relying on Suisse Security Bank & Trust Limited v Julian Francis (in the capacity of Governor of the Central Bank of the Bahamas) [2007] 2 Costs LR 222 and the legal principles summarized at paragraph 62/6A/16 of Hong Kong Civil Procedure 2018, the plaintiff submits that there is a case for an Order that the 4 Non-parties should bear the costs of and occasioned by the Setting Aside Summons.

Consideration and disposal

12.I have considered the facts, the authorities cited to me, and the submissions of Mr Chong who appeared for the plaintiff.

13.In the case of Yun, he has not filed any affirmation in support of the Setting Aside Summons.  Whilst he was a director of the defendant, there is evidence suggesting that he was appointed by Yang in the hope that he (Yun) could utilize his experience in the capital investment market to handle certain problems which the defendant was facing in about December 2016.  Mr Chong in fact accepted that there was before this Court no evidence showing that Yun had taken any part in the proceedings.  The mere fact that Yun was a director of the defendant is plainly not a sufficient basis for him to be joined for the purpose of costs.  To do so, given the evidence I have summarized above in this paragraph, can be regarded as an abuse.  I refuse the application for joinder in so far as Yun is concerned.

14.In respect of Zhu, Yang and China Asia Strategic, bearing in mind the facts summarized above, and in particular their participation in the proceedings, I find that the very low threshold test has been met.  I cannot say that joining them would constitute an abuse.  I grant the application for joinder in so far as they are concerned.

15.With some consequential changes to the wording of paragraph 4 of the Summons, I also grant paragraph 4 of the same. 

16.The costs of this hearing be in the cause of the Summons.

  (Keith Yeung SC)
  Deputy High Court Judge

Mr Patrick Chong, instructed by Howse Williams Bowers, for the plaintiff