Yeashmin v Director of Immigration

HCAL 1343/2021

[2021] HKCFI 3045

IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE

HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION

COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE

CONSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LIST No. 1343 of 2021

BETWEEN

Application for Leave to Apply for Judicial Review

NOTIFICATION of the Judge’s decision (Ord. 53 r. 3)

Following;

	consideration of documents only;     or
	consideration of documents and Applicant being present in open court;

Order by Deputy High Court Judge K.W. Lung:

1.      Leave to apply for Judicial Review be refused; and

2.      A Restricted Proceedings Order (RPO) be made against the applicant.

Observations for the Applicant:

THE APPLICATION

1.     This is the applicant’s application for leave to apply for judicial review of the decision of the Director of Immigration dated 30 August 2021 (the “Director’s Decision”) refusing her subsequent claim of HCAL 820 of 2018 (the “original claim”) under section 37ZO of the Immigration Ordinance, Cap. 115 (the “Ordinance”).

2.     The Court, upon its own motion, has called upon the applicant to appear before it to show cause why the Court should not make a restricted proceedings order (“RPO”) against her since there is evidence to show that if unrestricted, the applicant may take out further proceedings to assert her non-refoulement claim on the same facts of the case, thereby abusing the legal process.

The procedural history

3.     The applicant is an illegal immigrant from Bangladesh. She raised non-refoulement claim with the Immigration Department on 16 March 2016 on the grounds of Torture risk under the Ordinance; BOR 2 risk, Right to Life under Article 2 of the Bill of Rights Ordinance; the BOR 3 risk under Article 3 of the Bill of Rights Ordinance and Persecution risk under the Refugee Convention.

4.     Her claim was rejected by the Director by a Notice of Decision dated 31 October 2016.

5.     Her appeal to the Torture Claims Appeal Board (the “Board”) was dismissed by the Board on 2 May 2018.

6.     She applied for leave for judicial review of the Board’s Decision and the application was rejected by the Court by its Order dated 18 March 2019 (the “Court’s Order”).

7.     She appealed against the Court’s Order to the Court of Appeal and her appeal was dismissed by the Court of Appeal on 16 August 2019.

8.     Her Notice of Motion for leave to appeal against the Court of Appeal’s decision to the Court of Final Appeal was dismissed by the Court of Appeal on 19 December 2019.

9.     Her application for leave to appeal to the Court of Final Appeal against the Court of Appeal’s decision was dismissed by the Court of Final Appeal on 2 March 2021.

10.     She applied to the Director for making a subsequent claim for non-refoulement protection under the unified screening mechanism on 21 April 2021.

11.     By the Director’s Decision, the Director refused her application.

The subsequent claim application

12.     The factual basis of her claim is that if she returned to Bangladesh, she would be harmed or even killed by members of the Awami League Party (“AL”) as she was a supporter of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (“BNP”). She would also be killed by her husband, her in-law family and her husband’s second wife.

13.     The Director found that her claim was not substantiated. He found that the level of risk of her being harmed or killed if she returned to Bangladesh was assessed to be low; that reasonable state protection was available to her and that internal relocation was an option open to her.

14.     The Board affirmed the Director’s Decision. It further found that there was no evidence of a real risk that she would be killed, harmed or tortured by a public official or by anyone else and that parts of her evidence lacked credibility. 

15.     Under section 37ZO of the Ordinance, she has to satisfy the immigration officer that there has been a significant change of circumstances since the previous claim was finally determined and such change of circumstances, when taken together with the material previously submitted, would give the subsequent claim a realistic prospect of success.

16.     According to the Director’s Decision, she relied upon the fact that the security of Bangladesh had become more volatile and politically against her by the AL; that COVID-19 pandemic is prevalent in Bangladesh and that her brother-in-law threatened to kill her upon her return because she had filed a case against him of attempted rape. The Director found that her alleged indecent assault by her brother-in-law was incredible and the information she had provided was contradictory and that COVID-19 is a worldwide issue.  The Director disagrees that the new circumstances as alleged by her constitute significant change of circumstances, which, considered together with the facts in her original claim, would give realistic prospect of success to her subsequent claim.

The application for leave to apply for judicial review application

17.     The applicant has filed an affirmation in support of her application. She enclosed the Director’s Decision with her affirmation and said that her life would be in danger if she returned to Bangladesh.

18.     The role of this Court is supervisory, meaning that it ensures that the Director complied with the public law requirements in coming to his Decision.  The Court will not usurp his fact finding power. See TK v Michael C Jenkins Esq and Director of Immigration [2013] 1 HKC 526, CA. §40 and Nupur Mst v Director of Immigration [2018] HKCA 524 §14 (1).

19.     The Court will bear in mind that the Director’s Decision should be examined with rigorous examination and anxious scrutiny.  Before me, the applicant agreed that the Director was not wrong in his Decision.

20.     The Director is entitled to reach his conclusion after considering his evidence as he did in this case.  The applicant has raised no valid challenge to the Director’s Decision.

21.     It is quite clear that the applicant is re-litigating her original claim in her subsequent claim application.  

22.     The Court does not find any error of law or procedural unfairness in the Director’s Decision. The Director’s finding of the facts is not in any respect open to challenge as Wednesbury unreasonable or irrational.

23.     Since there is no realistic prospect of success in her subsequent claim, I dismiss her application for leave to apply for judicial review of the Director’s Decision.

The RPO

24.     The Director’s findings show that the applicant is attempting to re-litigate the facts in support of her original claim for a subsequent claim, which will amount to an abuse of the process.  The Court has the inherent jurisdiction to prevent the applicant from abusing its process by making a RPO and the extended order against her.  See paragraphs 7 & 8 of the judgment of the Court of Final Appeal in Ng Yat Chi v Max Share Limited and China Resources (Holdings) Company Limited (2005) 8 HKCFAR 1.

25.     RPO is appropriate for the present case. See The Secretary for Justice v Yuen Oi Yee Lisa, alias Lisa Yuen, Lisa Lee and another [2006] 1 HKLRD 679, Re Wahyuni v Director of Immigration [2021] HKCFI 1991, by Hon. Chow JA (sitting as an additional judge of the Court of First Instance), 6 July 2021, § 9 and Re Uddin Borhan v Director of Immigration [2021] HKCFI 2129, § 25.

26.     In my view, the fact that the applicant is entitled to apply for subsequent claim under section 37ZO of the Ordinance is irrelevant so far as her intention is clearly an abuse of the process.  The application should be viewed together with the procedural history of the case.

27.     For this reason, the Court has called upon the applicant to appear before it to show cause why RPO should not be made against her.  The applicant has been explained the proposed restricted proceedings order before this hearing.

28.     Upon being requested to show cause why the Court should not make the RPO against her, the applicant said had nothing to say.

29.     Having considered the applicant’s explanation, I am satisfied that, if not restrained, it is likely that the applicant would proceed with this application and other proceedings for the sole purpose of remaining in Hong Kong only. I shall therefore make the RPO in terms below:

(1)     The Applicant be prohibited from commencing any fresh proceedings by whatever originating process, or continuing any existing legal proceedings, relating to any non-refoulement claim of the Applicant in the High Court, without leave of the Court of First Instance.

(2)     All applications for leave under paragraph (1) shall be made to the Judge in charge of the Constitutional and Administrative Law List or such other Judge as may be designated by the Chief Judge of the High Court to hear cases in the Constitutional and Administrative Law List.

(3)     At least 7 days before filing any application for leave under paragraph (1), the Applicant do notify in writing each intended defendant or respondent of her intention to make such application, enclosing a copy of the draft document by which the fresh proceedings are intended to be commenced, and if any response is received by the Applicant from any such intended defendant or respondent, that the Applicant do file a copy of each such response together with the said application for leave.

(4)     Any intended defendant or respondent having notice of such intended proceedings be entitled but under no obligation to place before the court written representations regarding the same.

(5)     All applications made pursuant to this order and all ancillary matters be dealt with by the court on paper and without any oral hearing unless the designated Judge should otherwise direct.

(6)     If the Applicant should issue fresh proceedings falling or which may fall within the terms of paragraph (1) without first seeking the court’s leave, and if such fact should come to the notice of the Registrar of the High Court or any Master or Judge, such fresh proceedings be referred to the designated Judge for a decision as to whether they should be permitted to continue or should be dismissed.

(7)     Notice of each decision by the designated Judge made pursuant to this order be given in writing to the Applicant and to each intended defendant or respondent named in the fresh proceedings.

(8)     Whether or not any fresh proceedings are brought to the notice of the designated Judge, if a defendant or respondent is served with such proceedings without the relevant documents being accompanied by either an order granting leave to commence such proceedings or a direction that leave to commence such proceedings is not required, such defendant or respondent be entitled to make no response to such service pending notification of the court’s decision in relation to those proceedings; and that time for acknowledging service or for otherwise responding to such proceedings be deemed extended accordingly.

(9)     No more than one leave application under paragraph (1) may be made by the Applicant within any period of 3 months.

(10)    This order shall cease to have effect at the end of 5 years from the date of this order.

(11)    A copy of this Order shall be sent to the Registrar of the High Court.

DISPOSITION

30.     The applicant’s application is dismissed.

31.     RPO in terms of paragraph 29 be made against the applicant.

Dated the 19^th day of October 2021

Where leave to apply has been granted, Applicants and their legal advisers are reminded of their obligation to reconsider the merits of their application in the light of the Respondent’s evidence

Form CALL-1