Sadotra Dheeraj v. Torture Claims Appeal Board / Non-refoulement Claims Petition Office

HCAL 1645/2020

[2025] HKCFI 4467

IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE

HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION

COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE

CONSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LIST No. 1645 of 2020

Application for Leave to Apply for Judicial Review
NOTIFICATION of the Judge’s decision (Ord. 53 r. 3)

Following;

	consideration of the documents only;            or
	consideration of the documents and the Applicant being absent in open court;

Order by Deputy High Court Judge (Non-Refoulement Claims) Martin Wong:

1.  The Applicant’s Form 86 be amended to name only the TCAB as the putative respondent and only the DOI as a putative interested party; and

2.  The application for leave to apply for judicial review be dismissed.

Observations for the Applicant:

Introduction

1.By a Form 86 filed on 12 August 2020 (the “Form 86”), the Applicant applied for leave to apply for judicial review of a decision by the Torture Claims Appeal Board (the “TCAB”) dated 29 July 2020, which affirmed a decision by the Director of Immigration (the “DOI”) dated 5 December 2018 in refusing the Applicant’s non-refoulement protection claim. He named the TCAB and the Immigration Department both as proposed respondents as well as interested parties.

2.I amended the Form 86 on my own motion to name only the TCAB as the putative respondent and only the DOI as a putative interested party.

3.The Applicant did not request for a hearing and this application is to be dealt with on paper.

Background

4.The Applicant is a national of India. He seeks non-refoulement protection on the basis that he was returned he would be harmed or killed by a man who had raped his sister. His personal background, the relevant facts and relevant procedural history have been sufficiently set out in the TCAB Decision, which can be assessed through a hyperlink[1], and I shall not repeat the same herein.

Discussion

5.In a judicial review, this court does not provide a further avenue of appeal. Though in non-refoulement case an enhanced standard in scrutinizing the decision of the TCAB is required given the seriousness of the issue at hand, this court should not usurp the role of the TCAB, which together with the DOI are the primary decision-makers. This court will not intervene by way of judicial review unless there are errors of law or procedural unfairness or irrationality in the decision of the TCAB (Nupur Mst v Director of Immigration [2018] HKCA 524, [14(1)]). There must be a reasonably arguable claim with a realistic prospect of success before leave for judicial review will be granted (Peter Po Fun Chan v Winnie Cheung & Anor (2007) 10 HKCFAR 676).

6.In his affirmation filed in support of this applicant, apart from stating that he was “not satisfied” with the TCAB Decision, the Applicant did not point to any particular error of law, procedural unfairness or irrationality therein.

7.Looking at the TCAB Decision, the TCAB took into consideration the Applicant’s case and evidence, and all materials placed before it, including the Applicant’s testimony at the hearing before it [3-16]. The TCAB thoroughly analysed the same, including the Applicant’s credibility [17], bearing in mind also the correct principles in respect of each of the four applicable grounds under the USM [18-35].

8.The TCAB then came to the findings and conclusions that the Applicant’s allegations and none of the grounds were made out [36-48].

9.The TCAB further concluded that both state protection [49-51] and internal relocation [52-53] were available to the Applicant.

10.I do not see any error of law, procedural unfairness or irrationality in the TCAB Decision, despite rigorous examination and anxious scrutiny.

Conclusion

11.For the above reasons, I am not satisfied that this court should intervene by way of judicial review. I therefore dismiss the application.

Dated the 2^nd day of October 2025

Where leave to apply has been granted, Applicants and their legal advisers are reminded of their obligation to reconsider the merits of their application in the light of the Respondent’s evidence

Form CALL-1