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1. The court has before it an application for leave to amend the Statement of Claim in this action. Before turning to the substance of the application, I propose briefly to consider the principles upon which the court ought to proceed; and I propose to begin first with the "well-established principle" as it is called by Lord Justice Bowen and formulated by him in Cropper v. Smith [1883] 26 Ch. 700, at pp. 700-711, as follows: