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LDBM000378/1999
LDBM 378/1999
香港特別行政區土地審裁處
建築物條例申請編號1999年第378宗
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Rightop Property Services Ltd. |
申請人 |
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訴 |
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Ma Ping Hing |
答辯人 |
主審法官:唐文暫委法官
宣判日期:2000年8月31日
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判 決 書
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(一)背景:
1. 本案之申請人威豪物業管理有限公司通過本案,向答辯人馬炳興,即由該公司負責管理的天悅廣塲156號舖位的業主,追討自1999年5月開始拖欠的管理費及相關的利息,案中的管理公司由蔡敏樵先生代表出庭而答辯人則由李佩珠女士代表。
2. 答辯人對沒有交管理費一事沒有爭議,而答辯人一方所持的抗辯理由,只是因為申請人作為管理人所提供的中央冷氣冷度不足,所以拒交管理費中所包含空氣調節費用的部份,即答辯人只願以有些地舖,因為沒有中央空調提供的緣故,以$1.18元每平方呎所繳交管理費的比率來繳交管理費。
3. 本席在審訊末段,已向答辯人指出這個計算方法是有問題的,因為1.18每平方呎的計算方法只適用於沒有電扶梯服務的街舖,而答辯人的舖位則是有電扶梯服務的,所以答辯人至少也應交電扶梯服務部份之管理費,答辯人一方對此是同意的。
(二) 在大厦公契就有關管理費之釐定:
4. 大厦公契就管理費之釐定有以下的條款,即:
5. 第13(a)
"The Manager shall from time to time determine the amount of the monthly charge payable in respect of each unit reasonably estimated to be sufficient to cover the cost of the following items:-
(i) The remuneration of the Manager for the performance of their duties hereunder which shall be 10% of the total expenditure for the total costs and expenses for the management of the Podium including but not limited to general management expenses, escalator expenses and air-conditioning expenses Provided that the sums payable to the Manager under the provisions of this clause shall be the net remuneration of the Manager for their services as Manager and shall not include the costs and expenses for any staff, facilities, accountancy services, or other professional supervision.
(ii) Insurance premia is aforesaid.
(iii) Garage and refuse collection and disposal (other than trade refuse from the individual units).
(iv) Maintenance and servicing of the Common Area but not major repairs thereto or replacements thereof.
(v) Electricity charges, operational cost and the maintenance repair replacement charge for the escalators ("the escalator expenses") and other apparatus and other services in the Podium being used in common by the owners of the Podium.
(vi) Maintenance, cleansing and lighting of the Common Area but not major repairs thereto or replacements thereof.
(vii) Costs and expenses for any staff facilities, accountancy services, or other professional supervision.
(viii) Sundry items including but not limited to such sum of money payable by the Manager on behalf or the owners under the Deed of Mutual Covenant the maintenance and replenishment of fire extinguishers, stores and materials implements, telephone for the building staff, postage, rates and other recurrent items not specifically mentioned above.
(ix) Crown Rent and Premium."
6. 而(d)及(e)則說
(d) "Any or all of the monthly charge or the general management expenses escalator expenses and/or air conditioning expenses shall be subject to adjustment by the Manager from time to time in accordance with the annual budget prepared under sub-clause (p) hereof and according to the costs of providing the above services estimated as aforesaid."
(e) "The general management expenses, escalator expenses and the air-conditioning expenses shall be borne by the owners of the Podium in accordance with the guidelines as to general management expenses, escalators expenses and air-conditioning expenses as set out in the Fourth Schedule hereto. And, when all the alteration works of Rich Target shall be finished the shares of the general management expenses, escalators expenses and air conditioning expenses shall be in accordance with shares set out in the Fifth Schedule herein and before the full completion of the said alteration works, the shares as set out in the Fifth Schedule shall be applied as far as possible in line with the guidelines as set out in the Fourth Schedule."
7. 而第4附表則在第一條先將管理費的內容分成3項,即:
(i) 一般管理費
(ii) 電扶梯費
(iii) 空調費用
8. 而第2條則規定
2. "All of the aforesaid fees or expenses are to be paid monthly and the same are calculated in proportional to the gross area of that particular unit in proportional to the total gross area of the Podium."
9. 而第5條及第6條則分別對在商塲沒有內部通道的街舖,位於地下及2字樓而沒有冷氣供應的舖位提供了免扶手電梯及冷氣費用的豁免條款。
10. 而於第5附表中,亦可看見每個單位所須負責的管理份數亦是分3項,即一般費用、電扶梯及空調服務而計算的。
(三)現存大厦管理費之釐定:
11. 據申請人証人的口頭証供所述,大厦現在就管理費的釐定,並不是如大厦公契的規定平分3項作出評估的,而是首先以大厦的估計開銷總結成一項數目,然後基於各戶所佔大厦業權的份數進行攤分,如果位於地下街舖的商戶自行安裝冷氣而截斷中央冷氣的話,則該街舖的管理費以每平方英呎1.18元的比率徵收,但如該等街舖選擇使用中央冷氣系統所提供的冷氣,則其管理費會按一般用戶的徵收率即5.62元每平方呎的方式收取。
(四)現行管理費之徵收方法與大厦公契所規定的徵收方法之差異 -
12. 現行大厦管理費的徵收方法與大厦公契所規定的管理費徵收方法有明顯的差異,即大厦地舖,如選擇不用中央空調的,只需交1.18元每呎的管理費,但其他商戶則要交5.62元每呎的管理費,前者的徵收率只是後者的20.9%即約1/5的數目。但視乎大厦在1999年12月的累積收支帳目表,証物A10中顯示,到該月份為止,管理公司應處於一般管理費項目中的人力資源開支已達1,384,970元+324,705.50元+120,000元=1,829,675.50元。而同期用於電扶梯及空調維修的項目分別為$285,996元及179,900元即總共為465,896元。 另外同期累積電費為1,577,378元,申請人証人的証供是其中約1/3為空調的電費,本席再假設另外的1/3為電扶梯的電費,則兩項電費應為約1,000,000元。用這兩項再加上電扶梯及冷氣系統的維修費465,896元,其總數達$1,465,896元,但這個數目比人力資源一項的1,829,675.50元還要少,況且上述的計算,還沒有包括許多應該被列為一般管理收費的項目在內,這足以証明,因為管理公司在沒有依循大厦公契去釐訂管理費的情況之下,大厦大部份繳交所有項目費用的業主,長久以來正在津貼那些不使用冷氣的街舖用戶,而這是違反有關公契條款的,當本席對申請人代表提出此問題時,本席所得到的答覆只是“這是業主管理委員會的决定”,及“其他的業主也沒有投訴”,這固然可能是事實,但大厦公契是規管大厦各業主之間的法律權利的合約,除非大厦的所有業主均全部同意,否則的話其中的規定誰也不能更改,而有部份業主肯放棄自己在公契上的權利,更不代表其他的業主也必需這樣做,而申請人作為本案的興訟者,是有責任去以證據舉証申請人所要收取的管理費是基於大厦公契的規定下所厘定出的合理數目,否則申請人便不能獲得勝訴。基於本席上述所作的分析,本席裁定申請人不能完成有關的舉証責任,故本席現在宣佈申請人敗訴,其申請亦被駁回。
申請人:由蔡文樵代表
答辯人:由李佩珠代表
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