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FCMC 11073 / 2015
[2019] HKFC 83
香港特別行政區
區域法院
婚姻訴訟案件編號2015年第11073宗
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| 主審法官︰ |
區域法院暫委法官謝沈智慧內庭聆訊(書面處理) |
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判 決 書
(上訴許可申請) (附屬濟助)
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1.這是答辯人(丈夫)的上訴許可申請。
背景
2.審訊時,呈請人(妻子)69歲,丈夫73歲。他們於1971年結成夫婦,育有3名兒子。家庭子女均已成年及自立。
3.2001年4月26日,夫婦兩人購入位於將軍澳的第一個家庭資產(前婚姻居所),直至丈夫於2013年中私自賣出該物業。該物業一直用作兩人的婚姻居所。
4.前婚姻居所是一個私人機構參建的居屋屋苑。沒有爭議的是居屋有轉讓限制。業主將物業於公開市場發售前,必須先向香港房屋委員會付款解除轉讓限制,俗稱“補地價”(見C275)。
5.該物業以$779,000購入。雙方同意當時$77,900的首期是由妻子的兄長借出。丈夫亦不爭議該借款由妻子獨力清還。購買前婚姻居所的餘款($701,000)則以東亞銀行承造的按揭貸款支付(C279),按揭供款為每兩個星期$1,753.60。縱使丈夫是該按揭的供款人及每次的還款從丈夫的東亞銀行戶口中扣除(LYY-4),事實上,直至2012年2月2日,該按揭還款由妻子獨力支付。每次還款前,妻子均透過自動櫃員機將供款存入丈夫的東亞銀行戶口內(見LYY-5及LYY-6)。
6.2005年3月24日,夫婦兩人購入位於天水圍的第二個家庭資產(天水圍物業)。雙方似乎沒有爭議,購入該物業的原因是丈夫“摸貨”失敗,而被逼“上會”。當時雙方同意以一間雙方擁有,名為HTF Ltd 的有限公司持有該物業。購入價為港幣$1,220,000。
7.購入天水圍物業之後,丈夫便再沒理會按揭還款。2005年至2006年期間,該物業每月的按揭還款超過港幣$10,000。雖然該物業一直用作出租,以收取租金收入,但租金並不足以支付按揭。按揭還款由妻子獨力補貼。
8.2006年12月,妻子再沒財政能力獨力支付天水圍物業的按揭還款。於是HTF Ltd以港幣$1,180,000將該物業轉讓予夫妻兩人的幼子名下,由幼子向銀行借款,以獲取較優惠的按揭利率。縱使該物業轉讓予幼子,事實上所有轉讓費用均由妻子支付。轉讓後的按揭還款亦仍由妻子負責。租金繼續用作支付按揭還款。幼子是本案的介入人。他承認只是以受託人持有該物業,亦願意遵守法庭就該物業所作的命令。
9.2013年5月27日,丈夫私自決定出售前婚姻居所,與買方簽訂買賣合約,作價港幣$3,190,000,成交日期為2013年6月28日。2013年5月尾,丈夫才突然告知妻子,前婚姻居所已出售,並須於6月28日前遷出。妻子拒絕搬遷,並表示如出售婚姻居所便要離婚。同日,丈夫建議,草擬及簽署一份「聲明書」(聲明書),確認雙方分產。根據該聲明書,天水圍物業全歸妻子,而前婚姻居所則全歸丈夫(C259)。同年6月,妻子賠款予租客,遷入天水圍物業,並一直以此為居所。丈夫獨自遷入一個位於都會駅的租用單位,兩人正式分居。
10.2013年7月,妻子用積蓄以港幣$689,771.38清還天水圍物業按揭(P1)。分居兩年後,妻子於2015年8月26日作出離婚呈請。
11.審訊時,夫妻兩人均同意,法庭應以「清楚了斷」的方式(Clean Break)處理本案的附屬濟助的申請。不受爭議的是丈夫於2013年5月30日草擬及簽署一份「聲明書」。
12.丈夫指該「聲明書」只是權宜之計,用作誘使妻子遷出,好讓他依計出售前婚姻居所。他稱並非自願簽署「聲明書」,要求法庭拒納其內容。他承認,獨自獲取出售前婚姻居所的收益,但指淨收益只是港幣$935,814.97。他同意,在婚姻資產作出分配時,法庭應將他已收取的淨收益計算在內。
13.妻子則指丈夫私自出售前婚姻居所,引至婚姻破裂。丈夫不但從沒就購買任何家庭資產付出分毛,還在妻子不知情下,多次以前婚姻居所獲取貸款,最後更獨吞售樓收益。丈夫在本訴訟中一直拒絕披露所得貸款的金額、目的及去向。他對售樓淨收益的解釋亦强差人意。妻子指「聲明書」由丈夫依他自己的意願草擬。丈夫已獲取價值較高的物業,而妻子因相信兩人已分配資產,不但接納少於一半的婚姻資產,還以自己的積蓄清還天水圍物業的按揭。妻子指丈夫要求法庭推翻「聲明書」內的分產協議實在有違公平原則。她要求法庭裁定她獲得天水圍物業的全部業權。
14.經審計後,法庭裁定丈夫的披露嚴重地不盡不實,於是對其作負面推論。另法庭亦裁定丈夫是自願及按自己的意思草擬及簽署「聲明書」,夫妻兩人亦按該「聲明書」的條款完成分產。丈夫的證供自相矛盾有違常理,因此法庭拒納其證供,亦裁定沒有原因拒絕執行「聲明書」內的協議。法庭遂下命天水圍物業的全部業權歸妻子所有,訟費全由丈夫支付。丈夫不服判決,現提出上訴。
15.丈夫分別於2018年7月26日及2018年9月4日發出傳票申請上訴許可(見宗卷80及84)。於第一份傳票內,全無上訴理由,丈夫只要求法庭參閱其誓章。於誓章內,丈夫試圖「分享」一些新的指控及證供。於第二份傳票內,丈夫附上「上訴理由擬本」(見宗卷84附件A)。於該上訴理由內,丈夫指判決書的第3及7段基於妻子的虛假證供。他亦附上上訴理由陳詞大綱(見宗卷84附件B)。
16.判決書的第3段只描述夫婦兩人於2001年4月26日購入前婚姻居所。這事實從沒爭議,亦有土地註冊處的證明。判決書的第7段是描述天水圍物業的按揭還款。一直以來,雙方沒有爭議最初的每月按揭還款超過$10,000,由妻子獨力支付。辯方律師亦從沒就該事實作盤問。唯一的爭議是該物業轉讓予幼子後,租金是否足以完全支付按揭。丈夫於附件B內提及的事項與判決書的第3及第7段全無關係。他亦再次試圖提出新證供。
適用的法律原則
17.香港法例第336章《區域法院條例》第63、63A及65條訂明的條文。有關條例文如下︰-
“63. 民事事宜的上訴
(1) 除第(3)款另有規定外,在有法官或上訴法庭許可的情況下,可就法官在任何民事訟案或事宜中作出的每項判決、命令或決定,向上訴法庭提出上訴。
…
(2) 上訴須受法院規則所規限。
63A. 上訴許可
(2) 聆訊有關上訴許可申請的法官、聆案官或上訴法庭除非信納 ——
(a) 有關上訴有合理機會得直;或
(b) 有其他有利於秉行公正的理由,因而該上訴應進行聆訊,
否則不得批予上訴許可。
65. 上訴的程序
除本條例的條文另有規定外,就區域法院的決定而向上訴法庭提出的每宗上訴,須以《高等法院規則》(第4章,附屬法例A)訂明的方式提出,並受該等規則訂明的條件規限。”
18.就丈夫試圖於上訴時試圖呈遞新證供,適用的法律原則如下︰
高等法院規則第59號第10條 (White Book, RSC Order 59r10)訂明︰ -
10. General powers of the Court (O. 59, r. 10)
(1) In relation to an appeal the Court of Appeal shall have all the powers and duties as to amendment and otherwise of the Court of First Instance.
(2) The Court of Appeal shall have power to receive further evidence on questions of fact, either by oral examination in court, by affidavit, or by deposition taken before an examiner, but no such further evidence (other than evidence as to matters which have occurred after the date of the trial or hearing) shall be admitted except on special grounds.
…
Allowing a case to be made though not raised in the court below:-
“A point not taken at the trial, and presented for the first time in the Court of Appeal… ought to be most jealously scrutinized…A Court of Appeal ought only to decide in favour of an appellant on a ground there put forward for the first time, if it be satisfied beyond doubt, first, that it had before it all the facts bearing upon the new contention as completely as would have been the case if the controversy had arisen at the trial; and next, that no satisfactory explanation could have been offered by those whose conduct is impugned if an opportunity for explanation had been afforded them in the witness box.” (per Lord Herschell, The Tasmaina (1890) 15 App Cas 223 at 225; approved in Karunaratne v Ferdinandus [1902] AC 405; Perkorvski v Wellington Corp [1959] AC 53 at 59; Warehousing and Forwarding Co v Jafferali [1964] AC 1; [1963] 3 All ER 511 PC; Wilson v Liverpool City Council [1971] 1 WLR 302 …But the rule stated at the head of this note is strictly applied … In addition, at the discretion of the court a party may be debarred form arising a point which was pleaded but deliberately omitted from argument in the court below … A party may be precluded, by his method of conducting his case, from raising a different case on appeal …”
“Applications for leave to adduce further evidence – Rule 10(2) was amended to delete restriction of “Special grounds” critenon to “appeals from a judgment after trail or hearing of any cause or matter on the ments”. Accordingly, Ladd v Marshall conditions apply to all appeals i.e. further evidence is admissible on an appeal only where such evidence:
(i) Could not have been obtained at the trial with reasonable diligence;
(ii) would or might, if believed, have a very important effect on the mind of the tribunal; and
(iii) is of a sort which inherently is not improbable.
…
The court adopts a strict approach in applying Ladd v Marshall:
“When a litigant has obtained a judgment in a court of justice … he is by law entitled not to be deprived of that judgment without very solid grounds (Brown v Dean [1910] AC 373 at 374)…
If it is sought to deprive him of his judgment by further evidence, Three conditions must be satisfied before it can be received; “first it must be shown that the evidence could not have been obtained with reasonable diligence for use at the trial; secondly, the evidence must be such that if given, it would probably have an important influence on the result of the case, though it need not be decisive; thirdly, the evidence must be such as is presumably to be believed, or, in other words, it must be apparently credible though it need not be incontrovertible … Otherwise, the applicant has to satisfy the court that:
(i) it is one of the exceptional cases where The Ladd v Marshall conditions do not apply, or apply only in a modified form; or
(ii) “the evidence relates to matter which have occurred after the date of the trial or hearing … (But, the words “The evidence relates to matters which have occurred after the date & the trial or hearing” do not cover evidence coming to light after trial or matters which occurred before trial)
Exceptional cases where The Ladd v Morshall conditions do not apply, or apply in a modified form-H has been held that, in the following exceptional categories, fresh evidence of pre-trial matters or events may, at the discretion of the court, be admitted notwithstanding the fact that The Ladd v Marshall condition are not satisfied:
(1) Appeals in judicial review proceedings …
(2) Appeals against committal orders …
(3) Appeals involving the welfare of minor children.
19.於附屬濟助的審訊中,法庭是行使其酌情權作出判決。除非上訴人可證實以下事項,否則法庭不會接受上訴(見White Book 59/O/54)
“Appeals against exercise of discretion – There are many authorities for the proposition that an appeal will not be entertained from an order which it was within the discretion of the judge to make, unless it be shown that he exercised his discretion under a mistake of law … or in disregard of principle … or under a misapprehension as to the facts …; or that he took into account irrelevant matters … or failed to exercise his discretion … or the conclusion which the judge reached in the exercise of his discretion was “outside the generous ambit within which a reasonable disagreement is possible.
上訴許可的考慮
20.丈夫指妻子一直知悉「外匯金手指」業務。妻子則一直否認該指控。法庭已小心考慮丈夫的指稱、妻子的回應、雙方的證供、證物及陳詞。丈夫指因營運「外匯金手指」而造成經濟損失,但法庭已指出丈夫的“業務”及“損失”均為他自圓其說的指稱(Bare allegations);不但沒有任何證供的支持,更與他本身證供有分歧。況且,丈夫的說法自相矛盾,違反常理。
21.法庭亦已小心考慮就簽署「聲明書」有關的所有指稱、證供、證物及陳詞。根本上沒有爭議的是,丈夫隱瞞妻子,私下出售前婚姻居所,成交後才告知妻子。妻子抗議並表示要離婚。丈夫自行想出和解協議,草擬及簽署「聲明書」。丈夫現時只是不滿意法庭基於不爭證供所作的結論。
22.至於「USB金手指」,妻子早已在其誓章第17段交代,由於丈夫一直都沒有給予家用、按揭供款或生活費,她只能溶掉金手指上的黃金換取HK$10,578。她亦有提及「USB金手指」內的檔案有備份;如丈夫需要,可以交出有關備份。她的證供完全脗合,沒有相違。況且審訊期間,辯方從沒就該USB 作盤問,亦沒於陳詞內提及。丈夫現在的指控並非上訴的理據。
23.在判決書內,法庭批評丈夫不盡不實。丈夫提出上訴許可申請時嘗試作出進一步的披露。首先,丈夫從沒向法庭申請容許他呈遞新證供。他所提及的指控及文件已是多年前的事。他從沒解釋為何在現階段才提出,亦沒解釋因何在其律師的盤問及陳詞中沒提及這些事項。丈夫完全不能滿足Ladd v Marshall 一案的任何一個要求。
24.丈夫於其上訴理由擬本內只針對判決書的第3及第7段,而該兩段只是背景描述,亦基於不爭的證供。丈夫完全沒指法庭錯誤行使酌情權。他只是不斷重覆指妻子說謊。丈夫指判決的結果是家庭資產全歸妻子。他的說法完全漠視他分居前背著妻子出售前婚姻居所獲取全部出售的利益,及他拒絕全面披露資產去向的事實。
25.本席已小心考慮丈夫的上訴理由擬本及誓章。本席裁定有關上訴並無合理機會得直,亦沒有其他有利於秉行公正的理由,因而該上訴應進行聆訊。因此本席拒絕丈夫的上訴許可申請。
命令
26.本席頒令︰
(1) 丈夫的上訴許可申請被撤銷;
(2) 與本申請有關的訟費由丈夫支付,如雙方不能達成協議,則按訴訟各方對評基準評定。
呈請人:由鄧滿喜律師事務所轉聘林紹欣大律師代表
答辯人:無律師代表
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