Hoque Md Nurul v. Torture Claims Appeal Board

HCAL 2470/2020

[2023] HKCFI 2767

IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE

HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION

COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE

CONSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LIST NO. 2470 OF 2020

Application for Leave to Apply for Judicial Review
NOTIFICATION of the Judge’s decision (Ord. 53 r. 3)

Following:

	consideration of the documents only;            or
	consideration of the documents and oral submissions by the Applicant in open court / the Applicant being absent in open court;

Order by Deputy High Court Judge Bruno Chan:

The application for leave to apply for judicial review be dismissed.

Observations for the Applicant:

1.The Applicant is a 58-year-old national of Bangladesh who entered Hong Kong illegally on 5 January 2016 and was arrested by police on the same day. After he was referred to the Immigration Department for investigation, he raised a non-refoulement claim on the basis that if he returned to Bangladesh he would be harmed or killed by some local supporters of the political party Awami League (“AL”) as he supported their rival Bangladesh Nationalist Party (“BNP”). He was subsequently released on recognizance pending the determination of his claim.

2.The Applicant was born and raised in Char Goaldi, Hossenpur, Sonargaon, Narayanganj, Bangladesh. After leaving school he ran a grocery store in Dhaka to make his living, got married and raised a family with 2 children, and supported BNP regularly attended their local meetings and activities without holding any official post in the party.

3.One day in 2015 the local AL supporters raided all the shops owned by BNP supporters in his home district including his grocery store when they came and took money from his store, and when the Applicant tried to stop them, they beat him violently with sticks and knives that he suffered cuts and bruises all over his body, and then they burned down his store before they left.

4.After the attack the Applicant lost everything and became fearful for his life, and so he fled from his home district to take shelter in a relative’s place in Chittagong, and on 31 December 2015 he departed Bangladesh for China, and from there he later sneaked into Hong Kong, and after his arrest by the police he then raised his non-refoulement claim for protection, for which he completed a Non-refoulement Claim Form (“NCF”) on 8 December 2018 and attended screening interview before the Immigration Department with legal representation from the Duty Lawyer Service (“DLS”).

5.By a Notice of Decision dated 16 January 2019 the Director of Immigration (“Director”) rejected the Applicant’s claim on all the applicable grounds including risk of torture under Part VIIC of the Immigration Ordinance, Cap. 115 (“Torture Risk”), risk of his absolute or non-derogable rights under the Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance, Cap. 383 (“HKBOR”) being violated including right to life under Article 2 (“Risk”), risk of torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment under Article 3 of HKBOR (“BOR 3 Risk”), and risk of persecution with reference to the non-refoulement principle under Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees (“Persecution Risk”).

6.In his decision the Director took into account of all the relevant circumstances of the Applicant’s claim and assessed the level of risk of harm from those local AL supporters upon his return to Bangladesh as low due to the low intensity and frequency of past ill-treatment from them, that there is no evidence of any real intention of them to seriously harm or kill him or any reason for them to specifically target the Applicant for harm given that he was just an ordinary BNP supporter without any official post in the party, that in any event in the absence of any official involvement that state or police protection would be available to the Applicant if resorted to, and that reliable and objective Country of Origin Information (“COI”) show that reasonable internal relocation alternatives are available in Bangladesh with a large population of 157 million people spread across a vast territory of more than 148,000 square kilometers that it would not be unduly harsh for the Applicant as an able-bodied adult with working experience to move to other areas of the country away from his home district in large cities such as Chittagong where he had stayed before without incidents or where it would be difficult if not impossible for those local AL supporters to locate him.

7.On 24 January 2019 the Applicant lodged an appeal to the Torture Claims Appeal Board (“Board”) against the Director’s decision, and for which he attended an oral hearing on 12 March 2020 with his lawyer from DLS before the Board during which he gave evidence and answered questions raised of his claim by the Adjudicator for the Board and with submissions made by his lawyer on his behalf. On 4 December 2020 his appeal was dismissed by the Board which also confirmed the Director’s decision.

8.In its decision the Board found inconsistencies discrepancies and implausibility in the Applicant’s evidence that it rejected his claims as not credible of being a BNP supporter or member or that he had ever been threatened or assaulted by AL supporters or that he had any fear of harm from the AL people that caused him to leave his country to come to Hong Kong to seek protection or that he would face any risk of harm from anyone upon his return to Bangladesh that his claim for non-refoulement protection failed on all applicable grounds.

9.On 21 December 2020 the Applicant filed his Form 86 for leave to apply for judicial review of the Board’s decision, and in his supporting affirmation he put forward the following grounds for his intended challenge:

(1) Procedural unfairness in that the Board had unlawfully fettered its discretion by refusing the Applicant’s appeal on the grounds that they did not satisfy the requirements;

(2) Procedural unfairness in that the Board’s decisions to refuse the Applicant’s appeal were unreasonable or irrational in the public law sense or the result of procedural errors or unfairness;

(3) Procedural unfairness in that the Board failed to meet the greater care and duty owed to a self-represented claimant;

(4) Procedural unfairness in that the Adjudicator acted in a procedurally unfair manner in dealing with the Applicant’s appeal;

(5) In dismissing the Applicant’s appeal that the Adjudicator failed to interact with the facts of the Applicant’s claim or conduct any analysis of his supporting documents or turned his mind to the grounds under consideration being the risk of violation of the Applicant’s right to life under BOR2;

(6) That the Board had significantly relied on source of news not officially recognized or were simply hearsay that led to its groundless speculation that internal relocation would be available to the Applicant upon his return to his home country; and

(7) That the Board failed to conduct a rehearing of the Applicant’s claim or to make its own findings of facts as to the Applicant’s claim.

10.These are however all just some broad and vague assertions of the Applicant containing a few key words or phrases but without any relevant or necessary particulars or specifics or elaborations as to how they apply to his case or how the Board or the Adjudicator had erred in the decision, or in what way did the Board unlawfully fetter its discretion or that the Adjudicator act in a procedurally unfair manner, or what source of news relied on by the Board were not officially recognized or were simply hearsay, how did the Board fail to conduct a proper rehearing of the Applicant’s claim or to make proper factual findings of his claim. None of these assertions were elaborated or presented with any particulars or specifics by the Applicant, and as such I do not find any of them reasonably arguable for his intended challenge.

11.As has been repeatedly emphasized by the Court of Appeal, judicial review does not operate as a rehearing of a non-refoulement claim when the proper occasion for the Applicant to present and articulate his claim is in the screening process and interview before the Immigration Department and in the process before the Board where the evaluation of the risk of harm is primarily a matter for the Director and the Board as they are entitled to make such evaluation based on the evidence available to them that the court will not usurp their role as primary decision makers in the absence of any legal error or procedural unfairness or irrationality in their decisions being clearly and properly identified by the Applicant, as judicial review is not an avenue for revisiting the assessment by them in the hope that the court may consider the matter afresh: Re Lakhwinder Singh [2018] HKCA 246; Re Daljit Singh [2018] HKCA 328; Re Mudannayakalage Chaminda Pushpa Kumara [2018] HKCA 400; and Nupur Mst v Director of Immigration [2018] HKCA 524.

12.In the Applicant’s case, the Board rejected his claim essentially on its adverse finding on his credibility for the thorough and detailed analysis and reasoning set out in paragraphs 69 – 86 of its decision with the benefit of hearing him in his oral evidence and his answers to questions raised of his claim, and in the absence of any error of law or procedural unfairness in his process before the Board or in its decision being clearly and properly identified by the Applicant, I do not find any reasonably arguable basis to challenge the finding of the Board.

13.The fact is that it has also been established by the Director in his decision that the risk of harm in the Applicant’s claim if real is a localized one and that it is not unreasonable or unsafe for him to relocate to other part of Bangladesh, a decision also confirmed by the Board, there is simply no justification to afford him with non-refoulement protection in Hong Kong: see TK v Jenkins & Anor [2013] 1 HKC 526.

14.Having considered the decisions of both the Director and the Board with rigorous examination and anxious scrutiny, I do not find any error of law or procedural unfairness in either of them, nor any failure on their part to apply high standards of fairness in their consideration and assessment of the Applicant’s claim.

15.Moreover, the Applicant recently filed an affirmation requesting to withdraw his application as his problem in his home country has been solved.

16.In the premises, as I am for the given reasons not satisfied that there is any prospect of success in the Applicant’s intended application for judicial review, and in view of his latest confirmation of no more problem returning to his home country, I accordingly dismiss his leave application.

Dated the 26^th day of October 2023

Where leave to apply has been granted, Applicants and their legal advisers are reminded of their obligation to reconsider the merits of their application in the light of the Respondent’s evidence

Form CALL-1