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LDMR000008/2001
LDMR 8 OF 2001
香港特別行政區
土地審裁處
雜項申請編號 2001年第8號
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Wang Tak Investment limited |
申請人 |
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Secretary For Transport |
答辯人 |
主審法官: 周兆熊法官
判案日期: 2001年9月21日
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判 案 書
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1.2001年5月14日,申請人向土地審裁處(“審裁處”)提出下列的申請 :
"I/We WANG TAK INVESTMENT LIMITED ....... require(s) the Lands Tribunal to extend pursuant to section 28(2) of the Ordinance the period(s) specified by section 28(1) of the Ordinance for the resumption of land registered in the Sai Kung New Territories Land Registry as lots No. 923, 966 and 972 in D.D. 244 for Hiram's Highway Improvement Phase 3 under G.N. 4937 dated 15th October 1998."
2.對上述的申請,答辯人提出下列的反對理由 :
"A. The Applicant is not entitled to claim compensation in respect of the resumption of land registered in the Sai Kung New Territories Land Registry as Lots Nos. 923, 966 and 972 in D.D. 244 ("the Land") for Hiram's Highway Improvement Phase 3;
B. Further or alternatively, the Applicant's right to claim, which is denied, shall be barred under section 28(1) of the Ordinance;
C. In the yet further alternative, the period referred to in section 28(1) of the Ordinance should not be extended."
3.背景
1998年10月15日,香港特別行政區根據《道路(工程、使用及補償)條例》第13(1)條的規定,在憲報刊登公告(GN4937)指明丈量約份第244約內的第923、966及972地段(“有關土地”)將於3個月屆滿之時收回。有關土地遂於1999年1月15日午夜之時由政府收 回。
4.1999年1月23日, 地政總署去信予Soundwill Credit Investments Limited ("Soundwill"),向它提出最終解決補償申索的要約。
5.1999年3月26日,盧王徐律師事務所代表申請人致函地政總署,告知後者下述的事項 :
"Your letter of 13th January 1999 addressed to Soundwill Credit Investments Limited has been handed to us with instructions in reply.
We wish to inform you that the above Lots have been sold to our client, Wang Tak Investment Limited under a Provisional Agreement for Sale and Purchases dated 2nd December 1996 but the Assignment in favour of Wang Tak Investment Limited was executed on 23rd February 1999................."
6.1996年12月2日,申請人與Soundwill簽署有關土地的買賣協議書。協議書有以下部份的條款 :
“4. The date of Agreement: 2nd December 1996.
5. .....................
6. The date of completion is 2nd December 1996, i.e. the date of the conveyance on sale pursuant to this Agreement.
7. There is an agreed consideration for the conveyance on sale and the agreed consideration is HK$8,000,000.00 has been paid upon the signing of this Memorandum."
7.1996年11月29日,申請人將8,000,000元的支票交予盧王徐律師事務所。該律師行於同日以該律師行的支票開出8,000,000元的支票交付予Soundwill。
8.1999年2月23日,Soundwill簽發有關土地的轉讓契,而該轉讓契在1999年4月17日才於西貢土地註冊處註冊。
9.答辯人指申請人是陳素芬(申請人的董事)或她的家屬是有關土地的信託人。代表答辯人的何律師在書面陳辭中說 :
"6. Madam CHAN also said all purchase monies did not belong to the Applicant but solely came from her family in Philippines. She explained that the Bank Statement (p.66) showing entries of $7.4 million and $600,000 were monies remitted through underground financial network.
7. Although the Applicant's Audited Account (Exhibit A-4) seems to suggest the Land Lots were the Applicant's assets, the liability item reveals that there was a loan to the Applicant's shareholders of a value equivalent to the purchase monies plus related expenses, as confirmed by Madam CHAN's oral evidence.
8. In the premises, the purchase money was in fact advanced by Madam CHAN / her family and by operation of law, it is presumed that the Applicant held the Land Lots as resulting trustee for Madam CHAN / her family.
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9. It follows that the person having an estate or interest in the Land Lots should be Madam CHAN / her family, instead of the Applicant. The Applicant's contention could not be sustained for it merely held the Land Lots as a resulting trustee."
9.1雖然8,000,000元是屬於陳素芬及她的家族,但她/她們是借錢給申請人,然後由申請人購入有關的土地。該筆款項借給申請人後便是申請人的款項,而不再是陳素芬及她的家族的款項。在這情況下,申請人祇是欠她及她家族8,000,000元而已。這8,000,000元祇是借給申請 人,由申請人以本身名義購入有關的土地;陳素芬及她的家族並無意圖購入有關土地;該筆錢並不是用於以申請人名義代她及她的家族 購入有關土地。故此就有關土地而言,申請人並非是她或她的家屬的歸復信託人。
10.有關作出申索的法律
有關申請人的補償申索的申請,須依《道路(工程、使用及補償)條例》第27條的規定進行。第27條指明所謂補償就是附表 第II部第1欄所列明的事宜向官方追討款項的權利。按附表第II 部的規定,就有關根據第13條收回土地的補償申索而言,評定補償的基準是“猶如該宗申索是根據《收回土地條例》(第124章)就根據該條例所收回的土地而提出一樣”,而可申索補償的人,則是有權根據該條例就收回的土地申索補償的人。
11.《收回土地條例》的條文並無直接指明誰有權獲得補償的人 士, 但第6條間接顯示誰人有權提出補償的申索。第6條有以下的條 文 :
“6. 補償
(1) 在土地根據第5條歸還政府的日期起計28天內,主管當局須
(a) 致函前業主,以及致函緊接土地歸還政府之前根據在土地註冊處註冊的文書而對該土地擁有產業權或權益的任何人,就收回該土地而作出補償要約;或
(b) 向(a)段所提述的任何人送達由主管當局指明格式的通知書,要求該人在該通知書所指定的時間內,呈交其補償申索。
……………………………………
(3) 如 -
(a) 已根據第(1)(a)款獲補償要約的人,在該要約作出日期起計28天內仍不接納該項要約;或
(b) 已根據第(1)(b)款獲送達通知書的人
(i) 沒有在通知書指定的時間內呈交其申索;或
(ii) 已呈交其申索,但他與主管當局未能就補償額達成協議,
則該人或主管當局可將該事轉交土地審裁處,以裁定須支付的補償額。”
12.就政府已收回的土地而言,“前業主”是指“緊接該土地根據第5條歸還政府之前,該土地的最後業主”(《收回土地條例》第2條),而“業主”是指“就政府尋求予以收回的任何土地而業已或有權在土地註冊處註冊的人…………”(《收回土地條例》第2條)。
13.申請人是否有關土地的“前業主”?那要視乎在1999年1月15日它是否有權在土地註冊處註冊。在Wing Tung Yick Investment Co. Ltd. and Ors. 對 The Attorney - General (1995 M.P. No. 2557)一 案,祁彥輝法官在判詞的第3頁說 :
"It is common ground that anyone who has a beneficial interest in land is entitled to have that interest registered in the Land Registry. It is also common ground that the sale and purchase agreements had the effect of passing a beneficial interest in the land to the Company provided that the vendor had a good and valid title to pass."
14.對在土地買賣交易中,賣方及買方的權益,Vaisey法官在Hillingdom Estates Co. 對 Stonefield Estates Ltd. [1952] Ch. 627一案作出下列的分析 :
"I have always understood (and indeed it is a common place) that when there is a contract by A to sell land to B at a certain price, B becomes the owner in equity of the land, subject, of course, to his obligation to perform his part of the contract by paying the purchase-money; but subject to that, the land is the land of B, the purchaser. What is the position of A, the vendor? He has, it is true, the legal estate in the land, but, for many purposes, from the moment the contract is entered into he holds it as trustee for B, the purchaser. True, he has certain rights in the land remaining, but all those rights are conditioned and limited by the circumstance that they are all referable to his right to recover and receive the purchase money. His interest in the land when he has entered into a contract for sale is not an interest in land; it is an interest in personal estate, in a sum of money; ................"
15.直至1999年1月15日,上述的買賣協議書並無受到任何事宜的影響而失效,故此它仍具法律的效力。何律師指申請人與Soundwill不在合理時間內簽立轉讓契,故此合約受挫而失效,但此點並不適用於此案。就Soundwill而言,有關土地的回收對它並無任何關係;對它最重要的事就是它可獲得售賣有關土地的款額。於簽立買賣合約之時,它已收到該筆8,000,000元的款項,故此對它而言,合約並無失效,但本案最重要之點就是土地的收回是在1999年1月15日午夜之時才生 效。它並不影響在此時之前屬於申請人的權益。根據上述兩案例,申請人在1999年1月15日之時藉買賣協議書的法律效力仍是持有有關土地實益權益的人,而根據《土地註冊條例》第2(1)條,他是有權在土地註冊處就有關土地進行註冊的人,故此他是《收回土地條例》第2條釋義所指的業主。基於此理由,答辯人的第一個反對理由不能成立。
16.申索的期限已於2000年1月15日屆滿,但根據《道路(工程、使用及補償)條例第28(4)條審裁處可將申索的期限延長。第4條有以下的條文 :
“土地審裁處如認為延遲送達申索是由於事實錯誤或法律錯誤 …………或由於任何其他合理因由所致,或認為官方不會因該延遲而在進行其案方面或在其他方面蒙受實質不 利,則可將該宗申索必須送達運輸局局長的期限延展。”
17.答辯人對是項申請提出反對。反對理由其中之一是如下 述 :
"Although strictly not necessary, the Respondent contends that the conduct of the case is prejudiced by the delay because Soundwill ................ had been wound up and Liquidators were appointed on 24.1.2000 .................. The Respondent was not allowed to dispose of the claim fully and expeditiously for there is a possibility that the liquidators may seek a declaration that the purported conveyancing of legal title of the Land Lots from Soundwill .......... to the Applicant in less than a month before a petition was filed to wind up Soundwill on 16.3.99, would constitute a "fraudulent trading". If so, the Liquidators may lodge a claim for compensation in the course of winding up.
See s.275, Companies Ordinance, Cap. 32."
18.《公司條例》第275(1)條的條文後列如下 :
“275. 董事對欺詐營商的責任
(1) 如在公司清盤的過程中,公司任何業務的經營看似是意圖欺詐公司的債權人或任何其他人的債權人或是為了任何欺詐目的,則法院在破產管理署署長或公司的清盤人或任何債權人或分擔人提出申請時,如認為恰當,可宣布任何知情而參與以前述方式經營該業務的人,須按法院指示而就公司的所有或任何債項或其他債務承擔個人責 任,且其法律責任是無限的。”
19.本席看不到第275條與申請人向運輸局局長送達補償申索有任何關係。本案並無証據顯示申請人或Soundwill是以欺詐的手法營商。清盤人是否會向法庭作出有關的申請仍祇是一個可能性而已。本席不能就假設的事實作出裁決。本席看不到任何事宜致使官方因申請人的延遲而在進行其案方面或在其他方面蒙受不利,故此本席裁定答辯人的反對 理由不能成立。
20.本席頒佈以下的命令 :
申請人可於30天內向運輸局局長送達有關土地補償的書面申索。
21.訟費
本席頒下臨時訟費的命令:答辯人須支付申請人本案的訟費。如雙方未能議定訟費的款額,則該款額由法庭訂定。如在14天內,與訟任何一方不向本庭提出申請,則此項命令作實。
申請人:由盧王徐律師事務所代表。
答辯人:由律政司代表。
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