Ali Akbar v. Torture Claims Appeal Board / Non-refoulement Claims Petition Office

HCAL 1212/2020

[2025] HKCFI 4007

IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE

HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION

COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE

CONSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LIST No. 1212 of 2020

Application for Leave to Apply for Judicial Review
NOTIFICATION of the Judge’s decision (Ord. 53 r. 3)

Following;

	consideration of documents only;          or
	consideration of documents and Applicant being absent in open court;

Order by Deputy High Court Judge K.W. Lung:

Leave to apply for Judicial Review be refused.

Observations for the Applicant:

THE APPLICATION

1.The applicant applies for leave to apply for judicial review of the Decision dated 12 June 2020 of the Torture Claims Appeal Board (“the Board’s Decision”), dismissing the appeal against the Director’s Decision as described below.

2.The applicant did not ask for a hearing.

3.Pursuant to Order 20, rule 8 and Order 53, rule 3(6) of the Rules of the High Court, Form 86 is amended to the effect that the proposed respondent is the Board and the Director of Immigration is the interested party.

The applicant

4.The applicant is a national of Pakistan. He is an illegal immigrant, having entered Hong Kong from China by boat on 6 March 2010.  He was arrested by police and referred to the Immigration Department where he lodged a non-refoulement claim on the basis that, if refouled, he will be harmed or killed by his brother over a land dispute.

5.According to the applicant, his brothers wanted to dispossess him of his piece of land inherited from his father. On 6 occasions, his brother forced him to surrender his piece of land to them, but he refused. He finally came to Hong Kong to avoid them.

6.Details of his claim are set out in the Board’s Decision. See hyperlink https://legalref.judiciary.hk/doc/judg/html/vetted/other/en/2020/HCAL001212_2020_files/the_Board's_Decision.pdf.

The Director’s Decision

7.Since the applicant had made a torture claim, which the Director refused and he did not appeal, the Director considered the applicant’s claim in relation to the following risks:

a.  risk of violation of the right to life under Article 2 of Section 8 of the Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance, Cap. 383 (“HKBOR”) (“BOR 2 risk”);

b.  risk of torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (“CIDTP”) under Article 3 of Section 8 of the HKBOR (“BOR 3 risk”); and

c.  risk of persecution by reference to the non-refoulement principle under Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (“Refugee Convention”) (“Persecution risk”).

8.By way of the Director’s Decision dated 5 July 2018, the Director dismissed the applicant’s claim because it was unsubstantiated.  Besides, state protection is available and internal relocation is viable, which will mitigate or neutralize the applicable risks.

The Board’s Decision

9.The applicant appealed the Director’s Decision to the Board. On 12 September 2019, the Board conducted an oral hearing for his appeal.  He had given oral evidence and answered the Board’s questions.

10.Having considered the evidence, the Board dismissed his appeal and affirmed the Director’s Decision as it found that:

(1)  the threats posed by his brothers are neither imminent nor substantial; [33]

(2)  there was no evidence to show that police was involved and the level of threats and violence as alleged is not severe; [44]

(3)  even if his claim were accepted, there is ample internal relocation opportunities within Pakistan; [45] and

(4)  there is no evidence to support his claim on BOR 2 risk. [48]

Application for leave to apply for judicial review of the Board’s Decision

11.The applicant has filed Form 86 dated 17 June 2020 for leave to apply for judicial review of the Board’s Decision.

12.In his affirmation in support of his application, the applicant did not raise any specific ground to challenge the Board’s Decision.

DISCUSSION

13.The role of this Court is supervisory, meaning that it ensures that the Board complied with the public law requirements in coming to the Board’s Decision on the applicant’s appeal. The Court will not usurp the fact-finding power vested in the Director and the Board. See TK v Michael C Jenkins Esq and Director of Immigration [2013] 1 HKC 526, §40 and Nupur Mst v Director of Immigration [2018] HKCA 524, §14 (1).

14.The Court will bear in mind that the Board’s Decision should be examined with rigorous examination and anxious scrutiny.

15.In Re: Kartini [2019] HKCA 1022, 9 September 2019, the Court of Appeal held:

“13. (1) … …Assessment of evidence and COI materials and risk of harm, state protection and viability of internal relocation are primarily within the province of the Board (and the Director). The court will not intervene by way of judicial review unless there are errors of law or procedural unfairness or irrationality in the decision of the Board.”

16.The applicant has raised no valid ground to challenge the Board’s findings. The Court does not find any error in law or procedural impropriety and the Board’s finding of the facts is not Wednesbury unreasonable.

17.The applicant fails to show that he has any realistic prospect of success in his proposed judicial review of the Board’s Decision.

DISPOSITION

18.I refuse to grant leave to the applicant to apply for judicial review of the Board’s Decision. Accordingly, I dismiss his application.

Dated the 12^th day of September 2025

Where leave to apply has been granted, Applicants and their legal advisers are reminded of their obligation to reconsider the merits of their application in the light of the Respondent’s evidence

Form CALL-1