Aman Adeel v. Torture Claims Appeal Board / Non-refoulement Claims Petition Office

HCAL 1019/2022

[2026] HKCFI 1402

IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE

HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION

COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE

CONSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LIST No 1019 of 2022

Application for Leave to Apply for Judicial Review

NOTIFICATION of the Judge’s decision (Ord 53 r 3)

Following;

Order by Deputy High Court Judge (Non-refoulement Claims) Sabrina Ho:

1.   The Form 86 be amended by naming the Director of Immigration as the interested party.

2.   The application for leave to apply for judicial review be dismissed.

Observations for the Applicant:

Introduction

1.By a Form 86 filed on 28 September 2022 (the “Form”), the Applicant applied for leave to apply for judicial review (the “Leave Application”) against the Decision of the Torture Claims Appeal Board / Non-refoulement Claims Petition Office (the “Board”) dated 21 April 2020[1] (the “Board’s Decision”). 

2.In the Affirmation in support of the Leave Application (the “Affirmation”), the Applicant exhibited a copy of the Board’s Decision.

3.In the Form, the Applicant named “only me as a (sic) applicant sought appeal in HK High Court” as the interested party.  I will amend the Form on my own motion to name the Director of Immigration (the “Director”) as the interested party instead.

Background

4.The Applicant’s background, the basis of his claim and the arguments he advanced had been set out in detail in the Board’s Decision, and it is not necessary for me to repeat the same here.  The hyperlink to the Board’s Decision is included below[2] for reference.

Leave Application out of time

5.The Board’s Decision was issued on 21 April 2020.  However, the Form was only filed on 28 September 2022, over 2 years and 2 months later and beyond the time prescribed for filing an application for leave for judicial review of the Board’s Decision, which is 3 months from the date of the Board’s Decision: see Order 53 Rule 4 RHC (Cap 4A).

6.No application has been made by the Applicant for extension of time for him to bring the Leave Application.  No explanation has been provided by the Applicant for the delay, whether in the Form or the Affirmation.

7.In considering whether time should be extended for an application for leave for judicial review, the Court will consider, amongst other things, the following:

a.   The length of the delay;

b.   The explanation of the delay;

c.   The merits of the substantive application;

d.   The prejudice to the applicant if time is not extended, and the prejudice to the respondent and to public administration if a challenge is allowed to proceed out of time; and

e.   The question of general public importance.

See: AW Director of Immigration and William Lam CACV 63/2015, 3 November 2015 at para 27

8.As I have pointed out above, there was no application for extension of time and no explanation for the delay.  Further, the Leave Application has no merits, for reasons which I will explain below.  Hence, even if there had been any application by the Applicant for extension of time to apply for leave for the judicial review, I would have rejected it.

Leave Application unmeritorious

9.In the Affirmation, the Applicant raised various grounds in support of the Leave Application.  In gist, the Applicant complained that the Board failed to consider his fear and the facts which he had raised in his claims, and failed to consider the country-of-origin information (the “COI”) of Pakistan.  The Applicant reiterated that he would face real risk upon refoulement. 

10.The relevant legal principles are well established.  The Court’s role in a judicial review is not to provide a further avenue of appeal.  The primary decision makers are the Director and the Board.  Though in non-refoulement cases, the Court will adopt an enhanced standard in scrutinising the decision of the Board due to the seriousness of the issue at hand, the Court should not usurp the role of the Board.  Assessment of evidence, country of origin information materials, risk of harm, state protection and viability of internal relocation are primarily within the province of the Board (and the Director). The Court will not intervene by way of judicial review unless there are errors of law, procedural unfairness or irrationality in the decision of the Board: see Nupur Mst v Director of Immigration [2018] HKCA 524 at para 14. There must be a reasonably arguable case with a realistic prospect of success before leave for judicial review will be granted: see Peter Po Fun Chan v Winnie Cheung (2007) 10 HKCFAR 676. 

11.Having considered all the relevant materials before me, I do not consider the Applicant’s intended challenge against the Board’s Decision to be reasonably arguable with any realistic prospect of success.

12.I have reviewed the Board’s Decision in detail.  The Board had fully considered the Applicant’s situation, including his evidence and his grounds for challenging the Director’s decision in refusing his claim for non-refoulment protection.  On the facts, the Board found that there was no substance in the Applicant’s claim.  Wahab was only a low tier worker who has no connection with anyone in authority.  The Board found that the Applicant failed to show that there would be any risk that he would be harmed or killed by Wahab if he returns to Pakistan: see the Board’s Decision paras 17-27.  In addition, the Board considered that there were internal relocation options available to the Applicant: see the Board’s Decision paras 45-49.  On the above bases, the Board found that the Applicant would not face any Persecution Risk, BOR 2 Risk or BOR 3 Risk[3] if he returns to Pakistan and rejected the Applicant’s appeal: see the Board’s Decision paras 33-51.  I do not consider there to be any error of law, procedural unfairness or irrationality in the Board’s Decision, whether as alleged or otherwise.

13.Leave application of this sort is meant to be a filtering process and this Court is not expected to give elaborated reasons for its decision: see Re Zunariyah [2018] HKCA 14 at para 23.  I have considered all the relevant materials in reaching the present decision.

Conclusion

14.For the reasons stated above, I will dismiss the Leave Application.

Dated the 25^th day of March 2026

Where leave to apply has been granted, Applicants and their legal advisers are reminded of their obligation to reconsider the merits of their application in the light of the Respondent’s evidence

Form CALL-1