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LDBM000063/1999
LDBM 63 OF 1999
香港特別行政區
土地審裁處
建築物管理申請編號1999年第63號
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好順意大廈業主立案法團 |
申請人 |
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對 |
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Chiu Fai Sang |
答辯人 |
主審法官:周兆熊法官
宣判日期:2003年7月14日
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判 案 書
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1.申請人是新界元朗鳳攸東街九號好順意大廈的業主立案法團;答辯人是該大廈位於地下的第54號舖的業主。1999年2月25日,申請人提出本案以下的申請:-
“強制答辯人還原在一樓平台上之潛建物,包括將兩段共約三十七呎堵塞去水渠之英坭拆除,以免雨水無法疏導,及將地面原本平坦之地台還原,不准用英坭填高,及清走用完違下之建築材料。”
2.申請人的証人胡亦榮先生的母親黃蓮玉是法團管理委員會的前任主席。由1993年至1999年她曾委任他為她的代表,處理管理委員會之事。在1999年3月他被委任為司庫;在2001年他才辭去該職。在証人陳述書的第6段,他說:-
"On or about 19th April 1999, the occupier of Flat No. 2 on 1st Floor of the Building complained to the IO that the said sewer/drain(s) on the said Flat Roof were obstructed, so that water flooded and seeped into his house. On or about 23rd August 1999, the occupier of Flat 7 on 1st Floor of the Building also complained to the IO about the obstruction of such sewer/drain(s) which resulted into flooding of water up to about 5 inches and seeped into his house. On or about 14th April, 2000, the occupier of Flat No. 7 on 1st floor of the Building again complained to the IO about the same problem of water seepage into his house due to the obstruction of the drainage of rain water."
3.約於1998年8月,答辯人向他投訴大廈1字樓的Flat Roof(平台)有裂痕,以致有水滲落下面的54號舖。他向答辯人解釋平台可能不是公用地方,而祇有1字樓的業主有權享用平台,所以他們應負有維修平台的責任。基於此理由,申請人一向以來難以說服大廈的業主共同分擔平台的維修費用。他告訴答辯人申請人是否有維修平台的責任之事還未獲得澄清。
4.1998年12月,答辯人聘請“誠記工程”維修平台。約於12月底,他到平台視察。在証人陳述書的第4段,他說:-
".........I found that the Respondent's contractor had paved some substance of cement to cover/level the sewer/drain(s) outside Flat No. 2 on 1st Floor of the Building. Such substance of cement covered as long as 37 feet of the length of such sewer/drain(s), and the thickness was about 2 inches, counting the distance between the upper surface of such sewer/drain(s) from the ground. This created something like a terrace made of cement with such a height of 2 inches. The purpose of such sewer/drain(s) was for discharge of and passage of rain from the said Flat Roof to prevent flooding of water on the said Flat Roof. However, the substance of cement so paved by the Respondent's contractor to cover the said sewer/drain(s) caused obstruction to the drainage of rain water. The Respondent's contractor also left at the said Flat Roof 15 bags of sand or construction materials. I expressed my discontent to the Respondent and required him to reinstate by removing the said substance of cement from the said sewer/drain(s) so as not to obstruct the drainage. The Respondent refused to reinstate and said that he did not think that the said sewer/drain(s) would be obstructed. I requested him to sign a declaration to admit that his said contractor did the said paving works, left behind the said 15 bags of said/materials and covered/leveled the said sewer/drain(s), and he would be responsible for the consequences if any problem would arise. He did sign such a declaration on 17th February 1999."
5.答辯人簽署的聲明共有兩份,即証物A8及A9。証物A8有以下的內容:-
“本人為好順意大廈五十四號地舖業主,於九八年十二月廿五日,本人聘請誠記通渠公司(地址 :永富閣地舖1號B),在本舖屋頂外一樓之平台上面進行補漏工程,工程當天完成,但遺下沙泥一堆約十袋沙左右,及將一樓二號室對出之去水渠長度約卅七呎用英泥填高了。根據本人認為不會影響排水,如出現問題本人願意負責後果,立此為憑,此致 好順意大廈業主立案法團。”
6.証物A9有以下的內容:-
“本人為好順意大廈五十四號地舖業主,於九八年十二月廿五日,本人聘請誠記通渠公司(地址 :永富閣地舖1號B),在本舖屋頂外一樓之平台上面進行補漏工程,工程當天完成,但遺下沙泥約十五袋沙左右,及將一樓二號室對出之去水渠長度約37呎(分兩段),用英泥填平了。根據本人認為不會影響排水,如出現問題本人願意負責後果,立此為憑,此致 好順意大廈業主立案法團。”
7.答辯人同意他曾簽署証物A8及A9的聲明,但他否認水渠是用英泥“填平”。水渠祇是給填高了。在簽署証物A9時他沒有看到“填平”兩個字。他的意思是水渠給填高了一些,但他沒有量度英泥的厚度。
8.在証人陳述書的第12段及第13段,答辯人承認他聘請“誠記工程”將第54舖對上的平台及水渠以英泥及防漏物料覆蓋:-
"12. The paving works on the Flat Roof was finalised on or about 29th December 1998. Shing Kee had paved a layer of water-proof substance and cement of about 0.5 cm thickness on that portion of the Flat Roof and that portion of the said ditch immediately above the Shop. ..................
13. I requested Mr. Wu to inspect the paving works done on the Flat Roof and the representative of Shing Kee and myself was present when he carried out the inspection. Mr. Wu had only indicated his dissatisfaction with the paving works done to that portion of the said ditch immediately above the Shop and wanted it to be reinstated because he said that the paving works had levelled that portion of the said ditch obstructing drainage of rain water. The layer of water-proof substance and cement paved onto that said portion of the ditch had only made it about 0.5 cm shallower and only part of the ditch was paved and the ditch was still capable for drainage of rain water ............."
9.胡亦榮親自量度水泥的厚度。該厚度為1吋至2吋之間;答辯人指水泥的厚度為0.5厘米,但是他沒有作出量度。胡亦榮是鐵路公司的技術員,本席毫不懷疑他是誠實的証人。本席接納他的証供。答辯人說水泥的厚度是0.5厘米,但他沒有親自量度過水泥的厚度,因此他的証供是沒有事實支持的。本席亦接受有關水浸投訴的証供;該些投訴已被紀錄於“住客投訴紀錄部(証物A14)之內。
10.答辯人同意証物R1紅色箭咀所指是水流的方向,該些箭咀都是指向水渠的方向,但該部份的平台是被水泥覆蓋的地方,平台亦有部份地方沒有水泥覆蓋。後者比前者低,因此後者的積水要達到高於水泥厚度的高度才可以開始流向水渠的方向,而這是會引致雨水積存於後者的原因。
11.答辯人把水渠的一段填平了(証物R1第7張照片黃箭咀所示)。証物R1第8張照片可看到該段水渠的弧形部份。另一段的部份水渠被填高了(証物R1第7張照片箭咀的左下部份、証物A10、証物A11、証物A13的紅圈部份,以及紅圈至水管的部份)。這必定減少水渠容納去水的容量,以致影響排水的速度。
12.“誠記工程”亦把排列在平台的部份去水管與平台以英泥連接起來,形成水管被英泥包著的情形(証物A7照片(E)、証物A12第16、17、18張照片)。當這些水管被更換時,該些水泥便會構成障礙。
13.好順意大廈公契(“公契”)附表II 第10條有以下的規定:-
“10. Subject to the provisions herein no Owner shall ...... interfere with ...... any of the sewers, ...... drains, water-courses, ........... pipes ......"
答辯人將去水渠約37呎的長度用英泥填平及填高以及把部份水管以英泥包著,明顯是違反了第10條的規定。
14.公契附表II 的第5條有以下的規定:-
"5. Save as is herein expressly authorized no Owner shall do or permit to be done any act or thing which may or will alter the external appearance of any part of the Building."
15.平台是大廈外部的一部份。在英泥覆蓋的部份,它的原來外貌被完全改變。1至2吋厚的英泥是平台原來沒有的東西。証物A12的第20至22張圖片顯示出平台的原貌和被水泥覆蓋部份的不同外貌。被覆蓋的部份的表面凹凸不平,而原來的四方格的圖案完會消失。毫無疑問答辯人將部份平台的外貌改變,因此他的作為違反了上述第5條的規定。
16.胡亦榮承認答辯人在1999年的年尾已將15袋沙/物料移去。反對通知書的第4段指該些沙已於約1999年7月22日移走。由1998年12月終至該日差不多是7個月的時間。公契附表II 第4條有以下的規定:-
"Except as herein mentioned in the case of Commercial Units in respect of advertising, ............... no washing, clothing or other articles shall be hung, dried or otherwise exposed outside any part of the Building except in the places specifically provided for such purpose."
(底線後加)
在工程完畢後,答辯人沒有把建築材料移走,而讓該些物料長時間留在平台上,因此這是違反了第4條的規定。
17.答辯人的答辯
17.1在反對通知書答辯人指平台是公用地方,由申請人所控制及管理。由於申請人疏於職守,引致漏水的問題產生;在無選擇的情況下,答辯人唯有對平台進行維修,以防止雨水滲入他的舖內。他說他是事先得到申請人的書面許可才進行該工程,所以他不須負責任。
17.2平台是否公用地方?大廈公契將“Common Areas”詮釋為“those areas within the Lot and the Building intended for common uses”。第54號舖是一個商業單位(commercial unit)。依據大廈公契第一條的釋義, '“Commercial Unit”means a non-domestic unit on the ground floor of the Building and includes any portion of the roof and flat roof or canopies (if any) to be held therewith and "Commercial Units" shall be construed accordingly.'大廈公契第19(3)條有以下的條文:-
'The respective portions of the flat roofs(s) adjacent to the Domestic Units on the first floor of the Building (as will be shown on the respective assignment plans of such Domestic Units) shall be for the exclusive use of the respective Owners in whom the exclusive right to hold, use, occupy and enjoy such Domestic Units is vested and shall be deemed to be part(s) of such Domestic Units."
17.3有關的平台一是屬於第54號舖,一是屬於1字樓住宅的單位,但因為沒有足夠的証據,本席不能對此作出裁決,但無論如何,就此公契而言,平台不會是屬於公用地方,因此申請人對它沒有維修的責任。在日期為1998年12月22日致予答辯人的信中,申請人祇是提議答辯人找尋合格專業補漏公司,先行維修平台,它並無對維修的方式及方法提供意見,因此答辯人的維修平台的方式是與申請人無關。
18.基於上述的理由,本席判令申請人的申請得直。本席命令答辯人於21天內將平台上以及水渠上的英泥建造物移去,並恢復平台原來平坦之貌。
19.就清移建築物物料的申請,因為該些物料已被移走,因此本席不作出任何命令。
20.訟費
本席頒下臨時訟費的命令。答辯人須支付申請人本案的訟費。如與訟雙方未能議定訟費的款額,該款額由法庭審定。如在14天內與訟任何一方不向本庭提出申請,此命令作實。
申請人:由M/S Raymond Chan, Kenneth Yuen & Co. 代表。
答辯人:由M/S Mei Leong, Lam & Co. 代表。
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