|
LDBM000284/2003
LDBM 284/2003
香港特別行政區
土地審裁處
建築物管理申請編號2003年第284號
|
美怡大廈業主立案法團 |
申請人 |
|
|
|
|
訴 |
|
|
|
|
|
Nozaki Keiko |
答辯人 |
主審法官: 盧偉光審裁成員
聆訊日期: 2003年2月3日
宣判日期: 2004年2月18日
_______________
判 案 書
_______________
背景
1.申請人為九龍土瓜灣美善同里8號美怡大廈業主立案法團(“立案法團”),答辯人為美怡大廈地下4號鋪(“本案物業”)的業主。
2.根據申請人2003年10月7日的申請,申請人依據美怡大廈的大廈公契第19(j)條的規定,指答辯人違反該公契條款,“未獲批準而自行搭建違建物(冷氣機散熱器鐵架)於外牆位置”。因此,申請人要求土地審裁處頒令答辯人“立即清拆有關違建物(冷氣機散熱器鐵架)並且將受影响範圍修復原狀”。
3.2003年 10月23日答辯人提交反對通知書,列出下列4點反對理由及詳情:-
| (1) |
物業於1993年買入時後即裝有冷氣散熱器鐵架,除了在該地方裝置之外,並沒有其他地方可按裝,整條美善同里的舖頭如是,整幢美怡大廈地舖也如是。 |
|
|
| (2) |
從1993 年至今,管理公司及申請人均知道該冷氣機散熱器鐵架的存在,並沒有提出反對,十年來已默許了它的存在及放棄了公契上的權利(如果有的話)。 |
|
|
| (3) |
4號舖的隔壁(即3號舖)用作修理汽車,違反大廈公契(祇容許作商業用),申請人視而不理,此行為對4號舖造成燥音及癈氣,令4號舖非裝上冷氣不可。 |
|
|
| (4) |
根據公契第46頁1條,大廈業主有權享用公眾地方(包括外牆)位置作任何可以合理享用其單位的用途。美怡大廈的住宅單位每戶皆備有冷氣機安放位置,唯獨商舖沒有這項安排,我認為大廈業主安裝冷氣的權利應該是平等的,而現今香港安裝冷氣亦應該被視為合理享用物業。再者,該冷氣機散熱器鐵架並沒有妨礙其他業主享其單位,亦不有礙觀瞻,因為整條美善同里的店舖都是以類似方式安裝冷氣的。 |
4.2004年2月3聆訊,申請人代表周健文先生作供,他是美怡大廈的管業經理港匯物業管理有限公司的管業部職員,他提交下列數份證物:-
| (i) |
大廈公契 |
|
|
| (ii) |
照片3張,顯示本案物業的部份外牆,包括本案申請書所指的違規搭建的冷氣機散熱器鐵架 |
|
|
| (iii) |
申請人於2002年11月21日召開的業主大會通告及會議紀錄 |
|
|
| (iv) |
申請人的管業經理人於2003年4月10日致答辯人的警告信 |
5.答辯人代表陳會元先生作供,他是答辯人的丈夫,他聲稱他與答辯人以不同名義擁有美怡大廈地下的數個地舖,包括本案物業。他承認申請人的申請書所陳述的本案物業外牆之搭建物的事實情況,但是他認為申請人並沒有好的理由及需要,卻作出本案的申請,針對答辯人。另一方面,他認為大廈公契的條文事實上容許上述的搭建物的存在。
6.美怡大廈的大廈公契【登記於土地註冊處的備案編號5772436 (Memorial No.5772436) 】的第3頁,即大廈公契的第I部份("Section I"),對大廈的公共地方("the Common Area")有下列的定義及說明("Definitions and Interpretation"):-
| "the Common Area" |
all areas and spaces in the Land and the Building which are intended for common use and benefit of the Owners, and subject as hereinafter provided, including (if any) the entrances, lift lobbies, lift, ramp, staircases, landings, passages, yard and caretaker's space on the Ground Floor, the canopy, the external walls, the roof, upper roof and all other parts of the Building or of the Land which are not for the exclusive use and benefit of the Owner of any particular Unit. |
(劃線為原文所無)
7.上述的大廈公契的第40頁,即公契的第XIV部份("Section XIV"),第19(j)條 ("Clause 19(j)") 對大廈的平台及外牆的使用有下列限制:-
(j) Flat Roof and External Walls
Save as otherwise provided in this Deed, or with the prior written consent of the Manager, no Owner shall have the right to use any Flat Roof not assigned with any unit or the external walls of the Building except only for the purpose of escape in the event of fire or emergency nor shall any Owner erect or place or cause or permit or suffer to be erected or placed thereon or any part thereof any advertising sign or any structure and the Manager shall have the right to remove and destroy anything erected or placed thereon in contravention of this Deed and the costs therefor shall be recovered from the Owner(s) erecting or placing the same or responsible therefor.
(劃線為原文所無)
8.答辯人代表提交一系列拍攝鄰近舖位之外觀的相片(證物R1),用以支持答辯人提出的第1點反對理由,該些相片顯示該些舖位皆在外牆安裝支架,用來放置冷氣機。對此等相片所顯示的現狀,申請人並沒有爭議。申請人祇是強調立案法團作出本案的申請,是因為它担心答辯人等物業業主自行搭建的違建物將會影響大廈樓宇結構,及因為該等違建物日久失修而做成意外時可能會傷及途人,並導致大廈要負上賠償責任。
9.本席裁定美怡大廈的其他舖位或美善同里其他大廈有否類似的結構物 (無論是否違建物),並不可能是答辯人成功反對申請人本案申請的理由。因為顯而易見,每座大廈的公契不一,該等大廈的業主立案法團及業主們對該等結構物的態度及決議也不一樣,不能因為其他大廈已充斥該等結構物而認為本案的立案法團 (申請人) 不能執行美怡大廈的大廈公契的規定。至於美怡大廈的情況,本席同意基於財政負擔等理由,法團也未必需要對所有違規的業主同一時間採取法律行動。況且,於建築物管理申請編號2003年第96號一案,法團已成功對美怡大廈1字樓B座的業主興訟,並已於2003年8月4日取得土地審裁處的頒令,要求她清拆該物業側邊平台上的結構物。
10.答辯人指申請人已在過去十年默許了本案物業外牆的冷氣機散熱器鐵架的存在,並“放棄了公契上的權力(如果有的話)”。可是,早於1995年高等法庭上訴庭在The Incorporated Owners of Hoi Luen Industrial Centre v. Ohashi Chemical Industries (Hong Kong) Ltd.[1995]2HKC 11一案,上訴庭法官Godfrey JA. 裁定該案的立案法團於類似本案的情況下,並沒有放棄了公契上的權力。該案件的有關判詞重點(第12及13頁)現列於後:-
"..... under which incorporated owners are placed under a statutory duty to do all things reasonably necessary for the enforcement of the obligations contained in the deed of mutual covenant: see s18(1)(c). When, then, the incorporated owners find that there is a breach of covenant being perpetrated by one of the owners it is not only their right but their duty to seek to enforce the covenant.........
It follows that in the instant case the plaintiffs were not only entitled but bound to take proceedings for the enforcement of these covenants. It follows, too, that they could not have granted expressly to this defendant or any other owner of any unit in the building the right to act in contravention of the deed of mutual covenant as this defendant has done. What cannot be done expressly cannot be done impliedly. Although equity will sometimes restrain a plaintiff in the exercise of his legal rights because it would be inequitable and unjust in all the circumstances to allow him so to exercise those legal rights, equity will not hold him bound by acquiescence to allow something which he could not have allowed by express grant. (For these propositions, reference may usefully be made to The Incorporated Owners of Chungking Mansions v Shamdasani (CA 199/91, unreported))。”
11.答辯人又指因為鄰舖(即3號舖)違反公契並發出燥音及廢氣,導至本案物業(4號舖)非裝上冷氣不可。如果答辯人指鄰舖違反公契而申請人並不執行公契的條款,答辯人可對申請人或鄰舖的業主等興訟,但這並不構成答辯人可以違反公契的另外的條款之理由。
12.至於答辯人的第4點反對理由,本席認為是答辯人錯誤閱讀及理解大廈公契的第46頁的第1條而已。查第46頁的第1條屬於公契的附表3("Schedule 3"),原文為
"SCHEDULE 3 ABOVE REFERRED TO
EASEMENTS, RIGHTS AND PRIVILEGES
(referred to in Clause 3)
PART I
Easements, rights and privileges the benefit of which is held with each Undivided Share Together with the full and exclusive right and privilege to hold use occupy and enjoy any Unit held therewith: -
| 1. |
Full right and liberty for the Owner thereof, his servants, tenants, agents and licensees (in common with all other persons having the like right) to go pass and repass over and along and use the Common Areas and to use the Common Service Facilities for all purposes connected with the proper use and enjoyment of his Unit subject to the provisions of this Deed Provided That in exercising such rights no Owner shall interfere with or permit or suffer to be interfered with any of the Common Service Facilities." |
(劃線為原文所無)
而上文所引述的公契的第3條 (Clause 3) 見於公契的第8頁,全文為:-
“Each undivided share together with the full and exclusive right and privilege to hold use occupy and enjoy any unit shall be held by the person or persons from time to time entitled thereto subject to and with the benefit of the easements, rights, privileges and obligations set out in the Grant and in Schedule 3."
(劃線為原文所無)
13.上面引述的大廈公契的附表條文清楚指出大廈的業主在要通過及使用公共地方的時候 ("to go pass and repass over and along and use the Common Area") ,不單要與他的物業的適當使用有關連 ("connected with the proper use and enjoyment of his Unit") ,還要受到大廈公契的其他條文所規限 ("subject to the provisions of this Deed")。因此,大廈的業主,包括答辯人並不可能因為上述附表3及大廈公契第3條的條文的存在而不受大廈公契的第XIV部份的第19(j) 條(見本判案書第7段)所規限,而答辯人據此提出的第4點反對理因而並不成立。
14.基於以上的理由,本席裁定答辯人的所有反對理由都不成立。本席裁定申請人勝訴,並頒令如下:-
15.頒令
(1) 答辯人須在60天內清拆本案物業外牆的冷氣機散熱器的鐵架並將受影响的外牆範圍修復原狀;
(2) 於申請人同意下,不頒訟費命令。
申請人:由周健文先生代表。
答辯人:由陳會元先生代表。
|