Sarian Maribel Corpuz, Acting As the Next Friend of Sarian Ehm Jae Lael v. Torture Claims Appeal Board / Non-refoulement Claims Petition Office

Case No.HCAL 850/2026[2026] HKCFI 3989
Court
High Court CFI
Date30 Jul 2026
Judge
Case Document
100%

HCAL 850/2026

[2026] HKCFI ­­­3989

IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE

HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION

COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE

CONSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LIST No. 850 of 2026

BETWEEN

  Sarian Maribel Corpuz, acting as Applicant
  the next friend of Sarian Ehm Jae Lael  
  and  
  Torture Claims Appeal Board/ Putative
  Non-refoulement Claims Petition Office Respondent
  and  
  Director of Immigration Putative
    Interested Party

Application for Leave to Apply for Judicial Review

NOTIFICATION of the Judge’s decision (Ord. 53 r. 3)

Following;

    consideration of documents only:          or
   consideration of documents and Applicant being absent in open court;

Order by Deputy High Court Judge K.W. Lung:

1.  Leave to apply for Judicial Review be refused.

2.  Non-compliance with Order 80, rule 2 of the Rules of the High Court in these proceedings be treated as a mere irregularity without rendering the son’s application a nullity.

Observations for the Applicants:

THE APPLICATION

1.The 1st named is the mother (“the mother”) of the 2nd named, the applicant and she is acting as his next friend in these proceedings.

2.The mother had applied for leave to apply for judicial review of the Board’s Decision dated 21 May 2019 of different constitution (“the Board’s Decision of 21 May 2019”), which dismissed her appeal against the Director’s Decision refusing her non-refoulement claim. It is HCAL 1446 of 2019, which this Court has dismissed by Form CALL-1 dated 12 March 2024. She applied for extension of time to appeal the Court’s decision. This Court had dismissed her application.

3.The applicant’s case relies on the facts of the mother. The facts of the mother’s case were set out in Form CALL-1 dated 12 March 2024, [2024] HKCFI 640.

4.The applicant applies for leave to apply for judicial review of the Decision dated 3 March 2026 of the Torture Claims Appeal Board (“the Board’s Decision”), dismissing the appeal against the Director’s Decision as described below.

5.The applicant did not ask for a hearing.

6.Pursuant to Order 20, rule 8 and Order 53, rule 3(6) of the Rules of the High Court, Form 86 is amended to the effect that the 1st named is acting as the next friend of the applicant.

The applicant

7.The applicant is a national of the Philippines. He was born on 28 March 2024 in Hong Kong. The mother acted on his behalf and lodged a non-refoulement claim with the Director of Immigration (“the Director”) on the basis that, if refouled, he will be harmed or killed by the gangsters to whom his mother had disputes, and his mother’s husband, Ronald, in the Philippines because he was born out of his mother’s extramarital affairs. She further fears that he will face discrimination in the Philippines owing to his identity being an illegitimate child.

8.Details of his claim are set out in the Board’s Decision. See hyperlink https://legalref.judiciary.hk/doc/judg/html/vetted/other/en/2026/HCAL000850_2026_files/the_Board's_Decision.pdf.

The Director’s Decision

9.The Director considered the applicant’s claim in relation to the following risks:

a.  risk of torture under Part VIIC of the Immigration Ordinance, Cap. 115, (“the Ordinance”) (“Torture risk”);

b.  risk of violation of the right to life under Article 2 of Section 8 of the Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance, Cap. 383 (“HKBOR”) (“BOR 2 risk”);

c.  risk of torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (“CIDTP”) under Article 3 of Section 8 of the HKBOR (“BOR 3 risk”); and

d.  risk of persecution by reference to the non-refoulement principle under Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (“Refugee Convention”) (“Persecution risk”).

10.By way of Notice of Decision dated 5 November 2025 (“the Director’s Decision”), the Director dismissed the applicant’s claim on all applicable risks because it was unsubstantiated.

The Board’s Decision

11.The applicant appealed the Director’s Decision to the Board. On 24 February 2026, the Board conducted an oral hearing for his appeal. The mother had given oral evidence and answered the Board’s questions.

12.Having considered the evidence, the Board made the findings below.

(1)  The case of the mother, Ronald and the gangsters is entirely a personal matter without any involvement of the state. [184]

(2)  State protection will be available to the applicant if he returns to the Philippines. [192] & [206] There was no evidence that he had suffered injury of the requisite level of severity. [193] Therefore CAT could not possibly be engaged in the case of the applicant. [194]

(3)  The applicant’s claim failed under all the applicable risks.

13.For the reasons above, the Board dismissed his appeal and affirmed the Director’s Decision.

Application for leave to apply for judicial review of the Board’s Decision

14.The applicant has filed Form 86 dated 5 May 2026 for leave to apply for judicial review of the Board’s Decision.

15.In support of his application, the applicant said the Board’s Decision is unreasonable and unfair and he disagrees.

DISCUSSION

16.The role of this Court is supervisory, meaning that it ensures that the Board complied with the public law requirements in coming to the Board’s Decision on the applicant’s appeal. The Court will not usurp the fact-finding power vested in the Director and the Board. See TK v Michael C Jenkins Esq and Director of Immigration [2013] 1 HKC 526, §40 and Nupur Mst v Director of Immigration [2018] HKCA 524, §14 (1).

17.The Court will bear in mind that the Board’s Decision should be examined with rigorous examination and anxious scrutiny.

18.The Board had taken on board the Court of Appeal’s decision in Re Fabio and Re Jasvir Singh. It assessed the applicant’s case on the basis that the mother’s story was accepted. However, the Board’s Decision of 21 May 2019 found that the mother’s story in support of her claim was incredible. This Board had taken a more favourable view of the applicant’s case.

19.The applicant’s reasons under paragraph 15 are his bare assertions and comments. They are invalid to challenge the Board’s findings. I do not see any other reasons that this Court should intervene with the Board’s Decision.

20.The applicant fails to show that he has any realistic prospect of success in his proposed judicial review of the Board’s Decision.

DISPOSITION

21.I refuse to grant leave to the applicant to apply for judicial review of the Board’s Decision. Accordingly, I dismiss his application.

22.I shall treat non-compliance with Order 80, rule 2 of the RHC in these proceedings as a mere irregularity without rendering the son’s application a nullity.

Dated the 30th day of July 2026

  (Klein Tse)
for Registrar, High Court

Where leave to apply has been granted, Applicants and their legal advisers are reminded of their obligation to reconsider the merits of their application in the light of the Respondent’s evidence




Notes for the Applicants:

If leave has been granted, the Applicants or the Applicants’ solicitors must:

       
a) serve on the respondent and such interested parties as may be directed by the Court the order granting leave and any directions given within 14 days after the leave was granted (Order 53, rule 4A);

b) issue the originating summons within 14 days after the grant of leave and serve it in accordance with Order 53, rule 5; and

c) supply to every other party copies of every affidavit which the Applicant proposes to use at the hearing, including the affidavit in support of the application for leave (Order 53, rule 6(5)).
  Sent to the Applicants
on 30/7/2026

Sarian Maribel Corpuz
Sarian Ehm Jae Lael

Applicant’s ref. no:
Nil.
  Sent to the Putative Respondent / the Putative Respondent’s solicitors / such Putative Interested Parties as may be directed by the Court / the Putative Interested Parties’ solicitors on 30/7/2026

Torture Claims Appeal Board/Non-refoulement Claims Petition Office
Putative Respondent’s ref. no.: USM 27555

Director of Immigration
Putative Interested Party’s ref. no.: RBCL/1915/18 (CZ)
RBCL/1694/25

Department of Justice,
Senior Assistant Law Officer
(Civil Law)
(Civil Litigation Unit 2)



Form CALL-1

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