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LDBM000257/2000
LDBM 257/2000
香港特別行政區土地審裁處
建築物管理申請編號LDBM 2000年第257宗
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The Incorporated Owners Of Tsing Chuen Wai Fortune Villa |
申請人 |
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訴 |
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Smartex Management Limited |
答辯人 |
主審法官:周兆熊法官
宣判日期:2001年1月3日
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判 決 書
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1. 申請人是位於新界屯門青荃圍路名為Tsing Chuen Wai Fortune Villa ("Fortune Villa")的業主立案法團。2000年8月15日,申請人提出本案的申請。
申請內容
2. 申請人的申請詳情後列如下:
"2. Prior to the Applicant's incorporation, the Respondent was allegedly appointed as the Building Manager of the Estate between or about 1st October, 1997 and 31st September, 1999 by an alleged Management Agreement signed by CHENG YUK SAI (鄭玉西), the then alleged lawful attorney of the owners of the Estate.
3. Owing to its dissatisfactory performance, the applicant resolved to terminate the appointment of Respondent with effect on 1st October, 1999. In pursuance of Clause 4E of the Deed of Mutual Covenant ("the DMC") of the Estate, the Respondent has been requested upon termination to hand over all relevant documents including but not limited to account records, budget/annual accounts, detailed summary of the same, plans together with the relevant management deposits to the Applicant forthwith.
4. Upon receipt of the Balance Sheet as of 31st July, 1999 of the Estate from the Respondent, the Applicant discovers that the Respondent had made two payments in the respective sums of about HK$36,000.00 and HK$45,983.00 being the alleged severance payment of previously employees of the Respondent for the alleged use of the Estate and the expenses for installation of television antenna at roof top for the Estate.
5. In pursuance of Clause 4(B)(1) of the DMC which states the appointment of Building Manager shall be "appointed by the owners under the powers herein contained." Upon numerous inquiries, the Respondent supplied a copy Management Agreement dated 1st October, 1997 (the "Agreement") appeared to be signed between the Respondent and the said CHENG YUK SAI. However, with reference to the schedule I attached thereto, it has been noted that there are a number of discrepancies on the Agreement, inter alia :-
6. ........................
7. In the circumstances, the applicant would not agree with the Respondent that the Applicant should be liable to the alleged severance payment.
8. As regards the Antenna installation, provided the Agreement is duly signed and valid, which is hereby denied by the applicant, pursuant to Clause 4(F) of the DMC of the Estate, the Respondent being the alleged appointed Estate Manager was to manage, inter alia, common parts of the Estate whom should apply the fees contributed by the owners accordingly. However, without apparent permission from the Incorporated Owners of the Owner's Committee or otherwise, the Respondent :-
(a) entering agreement with relevant contractors for the antenna installation;
(b) dismantling television antenna previously installed by owners without permission; and
(c) entering into the respective roofs of the Estate which have not been regarded as common parts to install the antenna without permission or prior notice.
9. The Applicant therefore claims against the Respondent for the Respondent for the recovery of :-
(a) the immediate return of the said respective sums of HK$36,000.00 and HK$45,983.00 respectively together with interest thereon;
(b) the damages done to the owners whose antenna had been wrongfully dismantled."
(原文無劃線)
3. 2000年12月28日,本庭開審此案,在聽取証供之前,答辯人要求本席裁決土地審裁處(“審裁處”)對此宗案件並無司法管轄權,因為答辯人是Fortune Villa的前任經理人,而按《建築物管理條例》(“條例”)附表10第5(c)段的規定,以及條例第34D(1)條就“Manager”(經理人)所定下的釋義,審裁處祗有對涉及現任經理人的權力及職責的法律問題有關的法律程序,才有司法管轄權;答辯人既為前任經理人,審裁處當然無權審訊本案的申請。
4. 申請人則強調它的申請祇是依據附表10的第2段及第4段而提出的,故此審裁處對此案具有司法管轄權。該2段以及第5(c)段的內容後列如下:
“附表10
由審裁處聆訊及裁決的指明法律程序
1. ............
2.與公契條款及條文(包括根據第VIA部隱含地納入公契的條款或條文)的釋義及執行有關的法律程序。
3. ............
4. 與下述各項的計算或分攤有關的法律程序
(a) 根據公契(如有的話)應付或看來應付的任何款項;
(b) 第20及21條所提述的基金及繳款;
(c) 管理開支或收費(不論其名稱為何);
(d) 根據本條例或按照於土地註冊處註冊的文書包括公契(如有的話)的條款及條文而欠付或負有法律責任的任何其他支出、付款、債項或債務。
5. 與涉及
(a) ............
(b) ............
(c) 第34D(1)條所指的經理人;
(d) ............
(e) ............
的權力及職責的法律問題有關的法律程序,並包括與財務、金錢或受信性質的權力及職責(如有的話)的法律問題有關的法律程序。”
(原文無劃線)
審裁處之司法管轄權
5. 條例的第45(1)條述明審裁處的司法管轄權。該條有以下的內容:
“(1) 審裁處具有聆訊及裁決附表10所指明的任何法律程序的司法管轄權。"
6. 在申請通知書的第8段,申請人否認聘用答辯人為大廈經理人的協議書是有效的協議書;這協議書的效用是用以確立答辯人具備經理人的身份以管理Fortune Villa。因為申請人否認這協意書為有效的協議書,所以答辯人在有關的期間不會具備經理人的身份。既然如此,答辯人當然不會受到大廈公契的條款和條例的條文所約束。依據申請人之說,它是基於附表10的第2段和第4段而提出訴訟的。祗有受該2段約束的人才會是恰當的答辯人。答辯人既然不受該2段所約束,申請人的申請便是根據錯誤的基礎而提出訴訟。上述二段賦予審裁處審理此案的司法管轄權。既然此二段皆不適用於本案,審裁處當無司法管轄權以審訊此案。
7. 即使答辯人是Fortune Villa的經理人,基於以下的理由,審裁處亦無權審訊此案。第2段是與公契條款及條文的釋義及執行有關的法律程序,申請人的申請是要求審裁處下令答辯人退回兩筆分別為$36,000及$45,983的款項以及對因天線被拆卸而蒙受損失的業主作出賠償。這些申請都不是與有關大廈公契條款或條文的釋義及執行的法律程序。公契條款及條文的執行,是針對大廈的業主和法團而作出的。經理人祗是執行公契條款及條文的執行人。本案的經理人在法理上祗不過是法團的代理人而已。法律的第18(2)(c)條正好說明此點:
“(2) 法團可就下述事情行使其酌情決定權
(a) ............
(aa) ............
(b) ............
(c) 聘請並付酬予經理人或其他專業機構、專業商號或專業人員,以由其代表法團執行法團根據本條例或公契(如有的話)而有的職責或權力。”
8. 經理人是代表法團,針對大廈的業主以執行業主在公契下所負有的法律責任;經理人在本案的身份是答辯人,故此公契的條款及條文的執行,並不適用於經理人。公契涉及經理人的部份是有關經理人的職責及權力的條文,而有關的適用法例是附表10第5(c)段的條款。本案的申請內容是答辯人在就任期間錯誤地行使其職權,造成賬項的錯誤支出,以及錯誤地拆除一些業主的天線。如有審訊,審訊的內容將會是答辯人是否錯誤地行使其權力,如有失誤,則答辯人須作出補救的行動以及賠償,故此附表10第5(c)段才是適用的法例。本庭如對答辯人作出判令,判令的內容是與大廈公契的釋義及執行無關。
9. 第4段是在公契條文或條例的規定下的各項款項的計算或分攤有關的法律程序。本申請與任何款項的計算或分攤無關,故此第4段並不適用於本案。
10. 審裁處是基於第2及第4段才具有對本案司法管轄權。該2段既不適用,故此審裁處並無司法管轄權。
11. 假設上述的管理協議書為有效之協議書,而答辯人由1997年約10月1日至1999年9月31日(應為9月30日)是Fortune Villa的經理人,審裁處對本案仍無司法管轄權。按法例第34D(1)條,經理人(Manager)的釋義為:
‘“經理人”(Manager),就一座建築物而言,指當其時為有關建築物的公契的執行而管理該建築物的人。’
"Manager (經理人) in respect of a building, means the person who for the time being is, for the purposes of the deed of mutual covenant in respect of the building, managing that building."
(原文無劃線)
12. 釋義中重要的部份是“for the time being”。在Chi Kit Co. Ltd. & Anor訴Lucky Health International Enterprise Ltd. (2000) 3HKCFA 268一案,終審法院需就“owner”一詞的釋義部份內的子句,即“for the time being”作出裁決。有關的條款是條例的第17(1)(b)條。該條的內容如下:
"(1) If a judgment is given or an order is made against a corporation, execution to enforce the judgment or order may issue -
(a) against any property of the corporation; or
(b) with leave of the tribunal, against any owner."
第2條將“owner”(業主)定義為:
"(a) a person who for the time being appears from the records at the Land Registry to be the owner of an undivided share in land on which there is a building; and
(b) a registered mortgage in possession of such share;"
(原文無劃線)
13. 終審法院就此點作出下列的裁決:
"Pursuant to s.17(1)(b), the Lands Tribunal might give leave to execute any judgment against any owner for the time being, i.e. someone who was an owner at the time of the application for leave."
14. 根據Chi Kit Co. Ltd.一案的事實,所有應由業主所繳付的金額均應構成對法團的拖欠債項。當針對一業主而發出付款要求,這責任將附加於其土地利益上,並會轉移到其業權承繼人。申請人說,由於欠款責任會轉移到業主的承繼人,故此上述的裁決是對的,否則執行追款的事宜便變得複雜和困難,但有關“經理人”的法律程序便有所不同,因為法律責任是不會轉移的,所以在“manager”釋義內的子句“for the time being”不應與“owner”釋義內的子句“for the time being”有相同的意義。本席拒絕接納這論點。在同一章法例所用的字或詞,除有特別說明,應該具有相同的釋義。
15. 如果第34D(1)內的字句“for the time being”是指有關案情發生的時候,釋義內的字應述明為“at the material time ”(在有關的時候)。
16. 第34D(1)釋義部份清楚說明在該部(第VIA部)和附表7及8中,“除文意別有所指外”,該些名詞的釋義就一如條例內所述明。除釋義所述,本席看不到“經理人”一詞另含別義,因此,本席在本案引用終審法院在Chi Kit Co. Ltd.一案對“for the time being”的釋義。在申請人提出本案的時候,答辯人已不是Fortune Villa的經理人,故此附表10第5(c)段並不適用於本案,所以本席對此案無司法管轄權。
17. 基於上述的理由,本席將申請人的申請撤銷。
訟費
18. 本席頒佈後列臨時訟費的命令:申請人須支付答辯人本案的訟費(包括聘用大律師的費用),如與訟雙方未能議定訟費的款額,則該款額由法庭審定。如與訟任何一方不在14天內就此臨時命令向本庭提出申請,則此命令作實。
申請人:由M/S Ng & Tse, Solicitors代表。
答辯人:由M/S Anthony Kwan & Co., Solicitors代表。
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