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LDBM000042/2001
LDBM 42/2001
香港特別行政區
土地審裁處
建築物管理申請編號LDBM 2001年第42宗
主審法官:周兆熊法官
宣判日期:2001年5月2日
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判 案 書
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1. 申請人是九龍大埔道37-39號嘉都大廈地下1號鋪的業主,而答辯人是該大廈的業主立案法團。申請人的申請,是要求土地審裁處 頒令“大廈維修符合公契第5頁(iv)條,內容必需按照公契第6頁(h)條(j)條分攤費用”。
2. 2000年6月24日,法團召開的業主大會通過下列的決議:
“會議內容 :
1. …………………………。
2. 最近收到很多業主投訴,污水渠及糞渠滲漏,由於本大廈有二十多年歷史,糞渠霉爛到非常嚴重的地步,大會90%以上業主通過維修項目包括更換糞渠,污水渠的主喉及支喉,氣喉同時處理,如過了保養期,主喉破爛由公家負責維修。支喉破爛由用該喉的業主負責維修。
3. 更換牆外食水喉(大喉)及部份支喉,水錶前由公家負責,水錶後由用戶負責,更換否由用戶自己決定。法團可叫承辦商報價。
4. 粉飾外牆及更換雨水渠,粉飾外牆可減輕渠務更換費 用。
5. 至於大廈維修費用攤分方面,是根據大廈公契指引p.6(h)來攤分。
6. …………………………。
7. …………………………。”
3. 對上述糞渠、污水渠及氣喉的維修,答辯人共支出 $280,000.00。
4. 2001年1月8日及2001年1月17日,答辯人致函申請人,要求他繳交維修費的餘額$2,880.00(維修分攤費$5,880.00減去已交款項$3,000.00)。申請人並無繳交該款額。他認為維修分攤費應按照大厦公契的有關條款計算, 但答辯人卻按照業權的份數攤分,因此他拒絕繳交上述的款項。
5. 大廈公契第4條有以下的規定 :
"(f) The following costs charges and expenses shall be borne and paid by the owners of the said building in the proportion as hereinafter provided :
(i) Electricity, water and other similar charges for or in connection with the said building as a whole and not being in respect of the use of or consumption in any particular flat or other area enjoyed exclusively by one owner.
(ii) Remuneration for caretakers, watchmen, cleansers, attendants and the like.
(iii) The cost of refuse disposal.
(iv) The cost of repairing, renewing, maintaining, cleansing, painting or decorating the building or any part or parts thereof and all water pumps, tanks, pipes, sewers, drains, watercourse, cables, wires or services therein and all the apparatus equipment and convenience thereof.
(v) The cost of operating and servicing the water pumps.
(vi) The cost of operating maintaining repairing servicing replacing renewing the lifts in the said building.
(vii) The charges payable to Government or to any individual or company for the supply of flush water.
(viii) The premia payable for the insurance of the building against employer's liability and against Third Party Liability as aforesaid.
(ix) Such legal or other fees and costs which may be incurred by the Manager in the performance of any duty or in the exercise of any power hereunder.
(x) The Manager may charge each month not more than 15% of the monthly actual expenses in the management of the said building and the said premises as remuneration for the performance of his duties hereunder.
(g) ..............................
(h) Each owner shall pay to the Manager monthly in advance on account of his share of the said costs and charges and expenses the appropriate sum mentioned hereunder in respect of the units or shops in the said building for the time being owned by such owner :
| Units |
|
Monthly Payment |
| Shops Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15 and 16 on the Ground Floor |
|
$50.00 for each shop |
| Shops Nos. 8 and 13 on the Ground Floor |
|
$60.00 for each shop |
| Shop No. 11 on the Ground Floor |
|
$80.00 for each shop |
| Flats A and D on the First to Twelfth Floors (inclusive) |
|
$90.00 for each flat |
| Flats B and C on the First to Twelfth Floors (inclusive) |
|
$85.00 for each flat |
| Flats E and F on the First to Twelfth Floors (inclusive) |
|
$80.00 for each flat |
(i) ......................................
(j) If the total contributions payable to the Manager by the owners of the said building as aforesaid shall be insufficient to cover all or any of the said costs charges and expenses then such owner shall make further contributions towards such expenses in the shares above provided.
(k) .....................................................
(l) The owner of the Shop on the Ground Floor of the said building shall not be liable to pay the costs and expenses in respect of operating maintaining and renewing the lift in the said building."
(原文無劃線)
6. 上述的維修工程是要更換糞渠、污水渠及處理氣喉。第4(f)(iv)條並無包括更換 (replacing) 一字在內,它衹有“renewing”一字在意義上接近“replacing”,但這兩字的字義是不同的。“Renewing”是指 “更新”或“恢復原狀”,而“replacing”是指更換或替換。金屬的喉管可以被膠的喉管所替換,但經替換的喉管已不是原來的金屬喉管如金屬的喉管被更新,則被更新的喉管仍是金屬的喉管。在第4(f)(iv)條 內,“replacing”與“renewing”是並列的,這反映出兩字是不同的字義。
7. 本案的維修工程既然不是在第4(f)(iv)條的範圍之內,第4(h)條當然是不可用作計算維修分攤費的基礎。
8. 公契第4(l)條指明地下的商鋪不用分擔升降機的運作及維修費用。該些商鋪是位於地下,它們的業主基本上無需使用升降機,故此他們便無需支付升降機的運作及維修費用。第4(h)條所指地下商鋪業主分擔費用的比例應該不包括該些費用,但就本案的維修工程而言,整座大廈都需要接受維修,而整幢大廈的業主都需分擔維修的費用,因此第4(h)條是不適用於計算維修費的分攤,而本案的維修工程費用亦因此不是在第4(f)條的範圍之內。本案的維修工程費用,是大廈公契未有預計的開支。該些開支應屬於《建築物管理條例》 第20(2)條所指備用基金的開支。第20(2)條授予法團以下的權力 :
“(2) 法團可設立並維持一項備用基金
(a) 以供用作任何屬未有預計或緊急性質的開支;及
(b) …………………………。”
9. 第21條是關於根據第20條設立並維持基金繳款的細則。第22條是有關追討繳款的條文 :
“(1) 就根據第21條釐定的款額而言,業主所需繳付的款額須
(a) 由管理委員會按照公契(如有的話)確定;
(b) 依管理委員會訂定的時間及方式繳付。
(2) 如無公契,或公契並無確定繳款的規定,則每名業主就根據第21條釐定的款額而需繳付的款額,須 由管理委員會按照業主各自所佔的份數確定。”
10. 一如上述,大廈公契的條文對本案維修工程費用並不適用,故此該費用需按第22(2)條的方法攤分。
11. 第1鋪位佔大廈的總份數的21份,故此申請人需繳付$5,880.00 ($280,000.00 × 21 /1000)。
12. 基於上述的理由,本席撤銷申請人的申請。
訟費
13. 本席頒下臨時訟費的命令:申請人需支付答辯人本案的訟費。如與訟雙方未能議定訟費的款額,則該款額由法庭審定。
14. 如與訟任何一方不在14天內提出申請,此臨時訟費的命令作 實。
申請人:親自應訊,無律師代表。
答辯人:由胡關李羅律師行代表。
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