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LDBM 291/2006
香港特別行政區
土地審裁處
建築物管理申請編號2006年第291號
______________________
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惠安苑業主立案法團 |
申請人 |
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及 |
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MO SEK WING |
第一答辯人 |
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NG KUK YING |
第二答辯人 |
______________________
及
LDBM 292/2006
香港特別行政區
土地審裁處
建築物管理申請編號2006年第292號
______________________
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惠安苑業主立案法團 |
申請人 |
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及 |
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HO KAN BAU |
第一答辯人 |
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CHUNG BOON HING |
第二答辯人 |
______________________
(依據容耀榮法官於2006年12月19日作出之命令同一時間聆訊)
主審法官 : 土地審裁處法官黃一鳴
審訊日期 : 2007年9月18日
最後提交書面結案陳詞日期 : 2007年10月9日
頒下判案書日期:2007年11月8日
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判 案 書
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背景
1.是次審訊涉及兩宗案件,即LDBM291/2006(“第一宗案件”)及LDBM292/2006(“第二宗案件”)。兩宗案件均由小額錢債審裁處轉介至土地審裁處審理,並由容耀榮法官於2006年12月19日頒令同一時間聆訊。
2.兩宗案件的申請人都是香港鰂魚涌華蘭路4號惠安苑(“該屋苑”)的業主立案法團(“法團”)。在第一宗案件中的第一及第二答辯人是該屋苑Sub-Lower G/F SLG6號舖(“SLG6號舖”)的共同業主,而在第二宗案件中的第一及第二答辯人是該屋苑Sub-Lower G/F SLG2號舖(“SLG2號舖”)的共同業主。
3.由於SLG6號舖及SLG2號舖分別於其對上的外牆上安裝了分體式冷氣機以供這兩個單位使用,法團認為此舉有違該屋苑的公契及《建築物管理條例》(“該條例”)第34I條的規定,遂向兩宗案件的答辯人提出申請,要求土地審裁處頒發禁制令及答辯人賠償損失。
公契條文
4.法團引用的公契條文如下:-
| 第4條(第3頁) |
| “ |
4. |
The owner or owners for the time being of each 6952nd undivided share in the said land and the buildings shall at all times hereafter be bound by and shall observe and perform the covenants provisions and restrictions contained herein and in the Second Schedule hereto.” |
| 第7(a)條第 (12) - (13),(15) – (17),(21) 及 (24) - (25)項 (第6-10頁) |
| “ |
7. |
(a) |
Except as otherwise herein expressly provided, the Corporation with the Management Committee acting on its behalf or the Management Company pursuant to a delegation by the Management Committee or prior to the incorporation of the Corporation the Management Company shall be responsible for and shall have full and unrestricted authority to do all such acts and things as may be necessary or requisite for or in connection with the said land and any of the buildings thereon and the management thereof including in particular but without in any way limiting the generality of the foregoing :- |
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…… |
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(12) |
To prevent obstruction of any of the common parts of the said buildings or of the roadway, car parking spaces, pavements and open areas within the said land. |
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(13) |
To remove any structure or installation, signboard, sunshade, bracket, fitting, obstruction or thing in or on the said buildings or the said land or any part thereof which is illegal or which contravenes the terms herein contained and to demand and recover from the owner by whom such structure or other thing as aforesaid was erected or installed the costs and expenses of such removal and the making good of any damages caused thereby to the satisfaction of the Management Company. |
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…… |
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(15) |
To prevent any person from occupying or using in any manner in contravention of this Deed or any House Rules made hereunder any of the common parts or areas of the said buildings or the said land or the said roadway, pavements, open areas or any parts thereof. |
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(16) |
To prevent and to take action to remedy any breach by any owner or other person resident in or visiting the said land and buildings of any provisions of the said Crown Lease. |
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(17) |
To prevent any person detrimentally altering or injuring any part or parts of the said land or buildings, or any of the equipment, apparatus, services or facilities thereof. |
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…… |
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(21) |
To enforce the due observance and performance by the owners of the terms and conditions of this Deed and to take action in respect of any breach thereof including the commencement, conduct and defence of legal proceedings and the registration and enforcement of charges as hereinafter mentioned. |
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…… |
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(24) |
Such other powers as are hereby or by the said Ordinance expressly or impliedly conferred on the Management Committee or the Corporation. |
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(25) |
To do all such other thing as are reasonably incidental to the management of the said land and the buildings.” |
| 第18(a)(i)及 (c) - (e)條(第23-25頁) |
| “ |
18. |
(a) |
(i) |
Except as hereinafter mentioned in the case of the Ground Floor Lower Ground Floor and Sub-Lower Ground Floor shops and in the case of advertising or chimneys affixed by the Company as hereinafter mentioned, no external signs, signboards, notices, advertisements, flags, banners, poles, cages or other projections or structures whatsoever extending outside the exterior of the buildings shall be erected, installed or otherwise affixed or projected from the premises of any owner or any part of the said buildings in common ownership and no washing, clothing or other articles shall be hung, dried or otherwise exposed outside any buildings on the said land except in the places specifically provided for such purposes. |
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…… |
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(c) |
In the case of the shops, the owner or occupiers of each shop shall be entitled to exhibit advertising signs provided the size and design are first approved in writing by the Management Company and provided they do not extend beyond the exterior boundary of such shop and do not cause nuisance or annoyance to the occupants of any neighbouring premises. Each such owner shall be solely responsible for and shall indemnify all other owners the Corporation and the Management Company from all actions, proceedings, claims, demands, costs and expenses arising directly or indirectly from the installation, use or removal of any sign exhibited on or from his shop or any defect therein or non-repair thereof. |
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(d) |
The Management Committee shall have the sole right to use all external parts of any building on the said land other than the main roofs for advertising or any other purposes and to affix, install, maintain and remove signs, signboards, notices and advertisements thereon and therefrom at their discretion. All revenue derived from such advertising shall be applied towards the management expenses of the said buildings …… |
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(e) |
The Company shall have the sole and exclusively right to affix maintain and from time to time renew one or more chimneys to the external walls of each of the said buildings and to licence the use thereof as they think fit. ” |
| 附表2第4、5、8及10條(第34-36頁) |
| “ |
THE SECOND SCHEDULE ABOVE REFERRED TO |
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Covenants, provisions and restrictions referred to in Clause 4 of this Deed. |
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…… |
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4. |
Not to make any structural alteration to any shop, roof, flat or car parking space of which he is the owner which may damage, or affect or interfere with the use and enjoyment of any other part of any building on the said land whether in separate or common occupation or use, nor cut, injure, damage, alter or interfere with any part or parts of any building in common use or any of the sewers, drains, water-courses, conduits, pipes, cable, wiring, fixtures, equipment apparatus or services of any building on the said land. |
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5. |
Not to use or permit or suffer any shop, roof, flat or car parking space of which he is the owner to be used for any illegal or immoral purpose nor do cause or permit or suffer to be done any act or thing in any such shop, roof, flat or car parking space which may be or become a nuisance or annoyance to or cause damage to the other owners and occupiers for the time being. |
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8. |
To be responsible to the Management Company and the other owners for the time being for the acts and omissions of all persons occupying any shop, roof, flat or car parking space of which he has the exclusive use with his consent, express or implied and to pay all costs charges and expenses incurred in repairing or making good any loss or damage caused by the act, neglect or default of all such persons. In the case of loss or damage which the Management Company are responsible to make good or repair, such costs charges and expenses shall be recoverable by the Management Company as hereinbefore provided and in the case of loss or damage suffered by other owners or occupiers of any building on the said land for which the Management Company are not responsible to repair or make good, such costs, charges and expenses together with all other damages recoverable by law shall be recoverable by the person or persons sustaining the loss or damage. |
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10. |
To observe and perform all the covenants conditions and provisions of this Deed and the said House Rules. ” |
爭議事項
5.兩宗案件的答辯人(“答辯人”)對於上述公契條文及其對答辯人的約束性並無爭議,但否認有違反公契,原因是法團已批准了這些冷氣機的安裝。答辯人又認為這些冷氣機的安裝並沒有違反該條例第34I條的條文,因為他們並沒有不合理地干擾其他業主或佔用人使用或享用有關的公用部分或對合法在該屋苑內的任何人造成滋擾或危險。答辯人並否認法團會因為有關冷氣機的安裝而有所損失。
6.本席現就答辯人提出的爭議事項作出裁決。
是否違反公契
7.答辯人否認違反公契的主要原因是法團已批准或同意有關冷氣機的安裝。法團則否認有作出這方面的批准或同意。由於有關的批准或同意是由答辯人提出,理應由答辯人去證明這點。可是,答辯人並沒有任何證據顯示法團有明確地作出這方面的批准或同意。
8.答辯人又提出法團至少以行動或默許作出這方面的批准或同意。可是答辯人的證供亦不能支持這說法。答辯人的證人只能說出多年來都沒有人要求清拆有關的冷氣機或收取有關費用,而法團是清楚知道有關冷氣機的存在及其他同類舖位亦有安裝冷氣機在外牆上。
9.不過,本席認為答辯人不可能因為法團不採取行動而將法團當作為已採取行動去批准或同意冷氣機的安裝。法團亦不可能默許業主違反公契(見The Incorporated Owners of Hoi Luen Industrial Centre and anor. v. Ohashi Chemical Industries (Hong Kong) Limited, CACV 3 of 1995, 及 The Taikoo Shing (Management) Ltd. v. Trillon (H.K.) LTD., LDBM 35 of 1995)。
10.因此,本席不接受答辯人這方面的答辯理由。
11.不過,答辯人在最後陳詞時,引用法團證人黃麗華的證供,認為由於黃女士提及法團可以考慮“繼續容忍”有關冷氣機佔用大廈的外牆,而黃女士在接受盤問時承認“容忍”相等於“不反對”和“同意”,所以答辯人認為這顯示法團在之前已經同意了冷氣機的安裝。
12.本席認為答辯人這論點完全是斷章取義,歪曲黃女士的證供。黃女士只是在說明如果答辯人同意支付每月每部冷氣機三佰元的賠償,則法團可以考慮繼續容忍有關冷氣機佔用大廈的外牆。黃女士根本沒有提及之前是否已經不反對或同意冷氣機的安裝。黃女士所用的字眼是“容忍”。當然“容忍”可以在其他情況下解作“不反對”或“同意”,但在黃女士證供的上文下理中,“容忍”便是“容忍”,答辯人不應以盤問技巧去歪曲黃女士的證供。
13.答辯人又認為由於法團議決收取冷氣機佔用外牆費用,法團便已經確認批准冷氣機的安裝,即使法團並沒有權力去收取有關費用。本席認為答辯人亦將法團的證供歪曲。很明顯,法團的議決是指如果業主願意支付有關費用,法團便同意業主可以保留冷氣機,如果不支付的話,則業主便須拆除冷氣機。這並不等於如果法團不能收取有關費用時,法團仍然批准冷氣機的安裝。這亦不等於法團在議決之前有批准或同意冷氣機的安裝。
14.再者,答辯人又提出法團未能證明在提出申請前,有向答辯人提出警告,而證供顯示法團從來沒有通知答辯人反對他們安裝有關的冷氣機。本席不接受答辯人這方面的陳詞,答辯人的證供亦確認他們是知道法團有關收取冷氣機費用的議決及法團發出要求答辯人支付冷氣機費用的信件。很明顯,答辯人是知道如果不支付冷氣機費用,他們是須要清拆冷氣機的。答辯人亦沒有在反對通知書上提出這反對理由,答辯人不應在最後陳詞時才提出這論點作為答辯理由。
15.基於上述理由,本席裁定答辯人認為他們沒有違反公契的理據不能成立。事實上,根據公契第18(a)(i)條的規定,答辯人是不能在外牆上安裝冷氣機等物件伸展出大廈的外牆之外。因此,答辯人確有違反公契。
是否違反第34I條
16.該條例第34I條的條文如下:-
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(1) |
任何人不可— |
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(a) |
將建築物公用部分的任何部分改作自用,除非該項改變乃由業主委員會(如有的話)藉決議批准者; |
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(b) |
使用或准許他人使用建築物公用部份的任何部分,以致— |
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(i) |
不合理地干擾建築物的任何業主或佔用人對該等部分的使用或享用;或 |
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(ii) |
對合法在建築物內的任何人造成滋擾或危險。 |
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(c) |
任何人違反第(1)款,即當作違反建築物公契對他施加的責任。” |
17.首先,答辯人認為他們並沒有將有關外牆“改作自用”(“converted”),而只是“使用”(“used”)有關外牆。本席完全不接受這論點。答辯人在外牆上安裝冷氣機給其舖位“使用”,而外牆是屬於公用部分,答辯人根本無權“使用” 外牆作為這私人用途。外牆的原先用途亦不是作為安裝冷氣機,所以答辯人必定有將外牆改作用途。很明顯,答辯人是將外牆“改作自用”。
18.答辯人又提出由於法團已議決收取冷氣機費用,有關的冷氣機安裝亦已獲批准。正如上述一樣,法團的批准是有條件的,即時說,業主是要支付冷氣機費用才可安裝冷氣機於外牆上,否則,便不能安裝。不論法團是否有權收取費用,這批准亦是有條件的,答辯人不能認為他們已獲無條件的議決批准。
19.因此,答辯人確有違反該條例第34I(1)(a)條的規定。
20.答辯人認為法團未能證明有關的冷氣機有對任何人造成干擾、滋擾或危險,所以不同意有違反第34I(1)(b)條的規定。
21.雖然本席同意法團的證供並沒有顯示第34I(1)(b)(ii)條中所述的滋擾或危險,但答辯人確有不合理地干擾法團使用或享用外牆的權利,違反第34I(1)(b)(i)條的規定。根據公契第18(d)條的條文,法團是有權使用外牆作廣告或其他用途,答辯人在外牆上安裝冷氣機很明顯是干擾了法團這方面的使用或享用權。
22.因此,本席亦裁定答辯人有違反該條例第34I(1)(b)(i)條的規定。
賠償
23.答辯人認為法團無權收取冷氣機費用,因為公契或任何條例都沒有賦予法團這方面的權利。法團只可根據公契第18(d)條收取廣告費用。由於法團並沒有任何計劃出租外牆作廣告之用,法團不會有任何這方面的入息。再者,法團的專家證人在盤問下,亦確認有關的外牆可能不值分文。
24.本席不同意答辯人的見解。首先公契第18(d)條並沒有局限法團只可使用外牆作廣告之用,而是作任何用途(“any other purposes”)。法團已議決容許外牆給業主安裝冷氣機,但業主須支付每月每部冷氣機300元費用。法團是絕對可以根據第18(d)條將外牆作這方面的用途及收取費用。
25.法團的專家證人是在被問及如果沒有任何參考處所,外牆的價值是否等於零,才回答是有這可能。這並非是說外牆的價值一定是零。事實上,該屋苑亦有其他業主願意支付300元的冷氣機費用給法團,這可證明外牆是有其價值的。
26.再者,法團現時要求答辯人支付的是佔用外牆的賠償,即中間收益,與法團是否有權議決收取300元無直接關係。不論法團是否可根據公契或任何條例收取300元,法團亦可按普通法向答辯人要求賠償。
27.在Carado Company Limited v. The Incorporated Owners of Carado Garden, LDBM 54/1996, 一案中,土地審裁處有以下的裁決:—
| “ |
49. |
Counsel for the Applicant emphasised the wide power to award damages for loss of use of land even where a party cannot prove any quantifiable financial loss. The following statement from Colin Sara’s Boundaries and Easements, page 432, was cited : |
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Quite apart from damages for the physical damage to the land, the plaintiff is entitled to damages for the loss suffered by being unable to use his land or exercise his rights. Often in boundary or easement cases this loss may be unquantifiable. The temporary loss of part of a garden or the inability to use the particular right of way may not result in any direct financial loss… On the other hand, he will have suffered inconvenience and it would be wrong in principle for the defendant to have to pay nothing for his breach. Damages will therefore be awarded for inconvenience caused by the defendant’s breach even where the value of the land affected is small and there is no quantifiable loss… |
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Where the defendant has occupied land belonging to the plaintiff the normal principle is that he should be ordered to pay a sum representing the loss of use of the land.”(底線加上) |
28.此外,在Lee On Management Ltd. v. Po Hing Laundry Ltd., HCA 2342/1987, Lee Hysan Estate Co. Ltd. v. Sky Heart Ltd., HCA 8239/1995, 及A.G. v. Stephen Chiu Kwok Chun, CACV 167/1984等案中,法庭都確認這方面的賠償。
29.法團的專家亦已作證證明有關外牆的租值是每部冷氣機每月300元,而事實上亦有業主願意支付此數。因此,本席裁定這數項是合理的賠償金額。
30.在第一宗案件中,由於有兩部冷氣機安裝在外牆上,但在2006年12月的時候拆除,法團現時只追討由法團議決要收取冷氣機費用之後即2005年10月至2006年11月的中間收益,即8,400元($300 x 2 x 14個月)。本席認為這是合理的做法,亦是法團應有的賠償。
31.在第二宗案件中,涉及的只是一部冷氣機,但還沒有拆除。因此,有關的中間收益便須由2005年10月開始以每月300元計算直至冷氣機清拆為止。
禁制令
32.由於本席已裁定答辯人確有違反公契及該條例,本席認為頒發禁制令是合適的做法。雖然在第一宗案件中所涉及的兩部冷氣機已被拆除,但答辯人的證人在作證時表示仍然會再安裝冷氣機於外牆上,本席認為有需要頒發禁制令。
總結
33.基於上述裁決,本席現頒令如下:—
| 有關第一宗案件 |
| (1) |
禁制令禁止第一及第二答辯人,及/或其僱傭、代理人、租客或分租客,或其眾之一在該屋苑外牆上裝置冷氣機或其他物件; |
| (2) |
第一及第二答辯人須支付申請人佔用外牆的中間收益,由2005年10月1日起計至2006年11月30日,每月為600元,即總數為8,400元,及其利息,以判定利率計算,由裁決日起計至清繳款項為止;及 |
| (3) |
臨時訟費命令:第一及第二答辯人須支付申請人本案之訟費(包括在小額錢債審裁處之訟費),如果雙方未能就數額達成協議,則由法庭以區域法院基準釐定。如果雙方不在14天內就訟費提出申請,則此項臨時訟費命令作實。 |
| 有關第二宗案件 |
| (1) |
第一及第二答辯人須於28天內自費將裝置在SLG2號舖對上外牆上的冷氣機拆除及還原有關外牆致原來狀況; |
| (2) |
若第一及第二答辯人未能履行上述第一項命令,則申請人可自行將有關冷氣機拆除及還原有關外牆致原來狀況,而有關費用須由第一及第二答辯人負責支付申請人; |
| (3) |
第一及第二答辯人須支付申請人佔用外牆的中間收益,由2005年10月1日起計至拆除上述冷氣機及將有關外牆還原為止,每月為300元,及其利息,以判定利率計算,由裁決日起計至清繳款項為止; |
| (4) |
禁制令禁止第一及第二答辯人,及/或其僱傭、代理人、租客或分租客,或其眾之一在該屋苑外牆上裝置其他冷氣機及/或其他物件;及 |
| (5) |
臨時訟費命令:第一及第二答辯人須支付申請人本案之訟費(包括在小額錢債審裁處之訟費),如果雙方未能就數額達成協議,則由法庭以區域法院基準釐定。如果雙方不在14天內就訟費提出申請,則此項臨時訟費命令作實。 |
第一及第二宗案件的申請人 : 由鍾沛林律師行CHAN Chi Wah律師代表應訊。
第一及第二宗案件的答辯人 : 由蘇與劉律師事務所CHENG Man Sum律師代表應訊。
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