Campbell Richard Blakeney-williams and Others v. Cathay Pacific Airways Ltd and Another

Read the full judgment text of CACV 268/2009 on BabelCite. This Court of Appeal judgment was delivered on 22 July 2011 before Stock VP, Kwan JA and Lam J.

Civil procedure – leave to appeal to Court of Final Appeal – whether questions of great general or public importance – consolidated actions by pilots against Cathay Pacific Airways and associated companies – wrongful termination of employment – whether termination bypassed Disciplinary and Grievance Procedures – whether court should look beyond wording of termination letters – contractual construction – whether HK$700,000 award for defamation adequate – cross-checking defamation damages against personal injury awards – relevance of trade union communications campaign – aggravated damages – Court of Final Appeal Ordinance, Cap. 484 s.22(1)(b) – Court of Appeal set aside lower court's finding that disciplinary procedures engaged and reduced defamation damages – plaintiffs sought leave to appeal to Court of Final Appeal – questions on wrongful termination held not reasonably arguable and contract-specific, not of general importance – questions on defamation damages largely case-specific – cross-checking question answered beyond argument and not determinative of quantum – leave refused – costs of plaintiffs' applications to defendants, taxed if not agreed – no order on abandoned defendants' cross-appeal application.

Legal issues: Whether questions of general importance arise on wrongful termination by reference to disciplinary procedures · Whether questions of general importance arise on assessment of defamation damages

Outcome: Leave to appeal to the Court of Final Appeal refused; the Court of Appeal's judgment of 24 December 2010 stands

Cited by 8 cases · Cites 2 cases

Case No.CACV 268/2009[2011] 1 HKLRD 901
Court
Court of Appeal
Date22 Jul 2011
JudgeStock VP, Kwan JA and Lam J
Case Document
100%Judiciary

CACV 268/2009

IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE

HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION

COURT OF APPEAL

CIVIL APPEAL NO. 268 OF 2009

(ON APPEAL FROM CONSOLIDATED ACTIONS

HCMP4400/2001, HCA2822/2002, HCA299/2006, HCA1405/2006 AND HCA807/2007)

____________

HCMP 4400/2001

IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE

HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION

COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE

MISCELLANEOUS PROCEEDINGS NO. 4400 OF 2001

____________

BETWEEN

  CAMPBELL RICHARD BLAKENEY-WILLIAMS 2nd Plaintiff
  KENNETH GORDON CRAVER 4th Plaintiff
  TERRY ANN ENGLAND as Personal Representative of the estate of GREGORY STEPHEN ENGLAND 7th Plaintiff
  MICHAEL JOHN FITZ-COSTA 8th Plaintiff
  QUENTIN JAMES LEE HERON 10th Plaintiff
  MICHAEL STEVEN SHAW 14th Plaintiff
  JOHN SIMPSON WARHAM 17th Plaintiff
  BRETT ALEXANDER WILSON 18th Plaintiff
  MATHEW DAVID ROGERS 22nd Plaintiff

and

  CATHAY PACIFIC AIRWAYS LIMITED 1st Defendant
  VETA LIMITED 2nd Defendant
____________

HCA 2822/2002

IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE
HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION
COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE
ACTION NO. 2822 OF 2002
____________
AND BETWEEN    
  JOHN SIMPSON WARHAM AND OTHERS Plaintiffs

and

  CATHAY PACIFIC AIRWAYS LIMITED 1st Defendant
  VETA LIMITED 2nd Defendant
____________
(Actions HCMP4400/2001 and HCA2822/2002
consolidated by Order of Master A. Ho dated 13th September 2002)
____________

HCA 299/2006

IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE
HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION
COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE
ACTION NO. 299 OF 2006
____________
AND BETWEEN    
  DAMON NEICH-BUCKLEY 1st Plaintiff
  HENDRIK VAN KEULEN 2nd Plaintiff
  BRIAN DAVID KEENE 3rd Plaintiff
  PIERRE JOSEPH ROGER MORISSETTE 4th Plaintiff
  CRAIG MICHAEL YOUNG 5th Plaintiff

and

  CATHAY PACIFIC AIRWAYS LIMITED 1st Defendant
  USA BASING LIMITED 2nd Defendant
____________

HCA 1405/2006

IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE
HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION
COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE
ACTION NO. 1405 OF 2006
____________
AND BETWEEN    
  JOHN WALLACE DICKIE 1st Plaintiff
  DOUGLAS GAGE 2nd Plaintiff
  CHRISTOPHER LEO SWEENEY 3rd Plaintiff

and

  CATHAY PACIFIC AIRWAYS LIMITED Defendant
____________

HCA 807/2007

IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE
HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION
COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE
ACTION NO. 807 OF 2007
____________
AND BETWEEN    
  GEORGE CROFTS Plaintiff

and

  CATHAY PACIFIC AIRWAYS LIMITED 1st Defendant
  VETA LIMITED 2nd Defendant
____________
(Consolidated by Order of Master Levy dated 6th June 2008)
____________

CACV66/2009

IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE

HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION

COURT OF APPEAL

CIVIL APPEAL NO. 66 OF 2009

(ON APPEAL FROM CONSOLIDATED ACTIONS HCMP 4400/2001,
HCA 2822/2002, HCA 299/2006, HCA 1405/2006 AND HCA 807/2007)

____________

HCMP 4400/2001

IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE
HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION
COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE
MISCELLANEOUS PROCEEDINGS NO. 4400 OF 2001
____________

BETWEEN

  CAMPBELL RICHARD BLAKENEY-WILLIAMS 2nd Plaintiff
  KENNETH GORDON CRAVER 4th Plaintiff
  TERRY ENGLAND and STEPHEN WALTER ENGLAND as Personal Representatives of the estate of GREGORY STEPHEN ENGLAND 7th Plaintiff
  MICHAEL JOHN FITZ-COSTA 8th Plaintiff
  QUENTIN JAMES LEE HERON 10th Plaintiff
  MICHAEL STEVEN SHAW 14th Plaintiff
  JOHN SIMPSON WARHAM 17th Plaintiff
  BRETT ALEXANDER WILSON 18th Plaintiff
  MATHEW DAVID ROGERS 22nd Plaintiff

and

  CATHAY PACIFIC AIRWAYS LIMITED 1st Defendant
  VETA LIMITED 2nd Defendant
____________

HCA 2822/2002

IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE
HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION
COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE
ACTION NO. 2822 OF 2002
____________
AND BETWEEN    
  JOHN SIMPSON WARHAM AND OTHERS Plaintiffs

and

  CATHAY PACIFIC AIRWAYS LIMITED 1st Defendant
  VETA LIMITED 2nd Defendant
____________
(Actions HCMP4400/2001 and HCA2822/2002
consolidated by Order of Master A. Ho dated 13th September 2002)

HCA 299/2006

IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE
HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION
COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE
ACTION NO. 299 OF 2006
____________
AND BETWEEN    
  DAMON NEICH-BUCKLEY 1st Plaintiff
  HENDRIK VAN KEULEN 2nd Plaintiff
  BRIAN DAVID KEENE 3rd Plaintiff
  PIERRE JOSEPH ROGER MORISSETTE 4th Plaintiff
  CRAIG MICHAEL YOUNG 5th Plaintiff

and

  CATHAY PACIFIC AIRWAYS LIMITED 1st Defendant
  USA BASING LIMITED 2nd Defendant
____________

HCA 1405/2006

IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE
HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION
COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE
ACTION NO. 1405 OF 2006
____________
AND BETWEEN    
  JOHN WALLACE DICKIE 1st Plaintiff
  DOUGLAS GAGE 2nd Plaintiff
  CHRISTOPHER LEO SWEENEY 3rd Plaintiff

and

  CATHAY PACIFIC AIRWAYS LIMITED Defendant
____________

HCA 807/2007

IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE
HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION
COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE
ACTION NO. 807 OF 2007
____________
AND BETWEEN    
  GEORGE CROFTS Plaintiff

and

  CATHAY PACIFIC AIRWAYS LIMITED 1st Defendant
  VETA LIMITED 2nd Defendant
____________
(Consolidated by Order of Master Levy dated 6th June 2008)
____________

Before: Hon Stock VP, Kwan JA and Lam J in Court

Date of Hearing: 22 July 2011

Date of Judgment: 22 July 2011

Date of Reasons for Judgment: 28 July 2011

________________________

REASONS FOR JUDGMENT

________________________

Hon Stock VP (giving the Reasons of the Court):

1.On 24 December 2010 we handed down judgment in these actions.

2.These are applications for leave to appeal to the Court of Final Appeal pursuant to the provisions of section 22(1)(b) of the Court of Final Appeal Ordinance, Cap. 484.  The contention is that there are involved in the appeals questions of great general and / or public importance.  It was said that were we not to grant leave on that basis, we should grant leave on the “or otherwise” aspect of that statutory provision.

3.On 22 July 2011, we declined to grant leave and said we would give reasons later.  This we now do.

4.The applications arose in respect of those parts of the defendants’ appeals which were successful, namely:

(1)  in respect of a claim for wrongful termination of contract where the issue was whether, on a proper construction of the contracts of employment, the defendants were in the circumstances of the case entitled to terminate the employments without cause on giving notice or payment in lieu of notice without instigating disciplinary procedures; and

(2)  the reduction by the Court, in respect of each plaintiff, of the amount awarded by the court below as damages for defamation.

5.In respect of the wrongful termination issue, the important questions which are said to arise are these:

“(1)  Whether the Court should look beyond the wording of the letters of termination to determine whether the Plaintiffs were dismissed for disciplinary reasons or without cause.

(2)  Whether it was open to the Defendants to bypass the Disciplinary and Grievance Procedures (“DGP”) by not referring to any disciplinary matters in the letters of determination.

(3)  Whether the DGP would be triggered if the underlying reasons for the dismissal of the Plaintiffs were matters of a disciplinary nature.”

6.Apart from the fact that we did not consider the issues to be reasonably arguable as a matter of law, the questions are contract specific, and therefore not appropriate as questions of general importance.

7.In relation to the damages awards for defamation, the issues of importance which were said to arise are these:

“(4) Whether, in assessing general damages in defamation cases, it is permissible or desirable to cross-check against awards for damages in personal injury cases.

(5) Whether the award of HK$700,000 is sufficient compensation to professionals who have been accused of being unprofessional and have suffered great loss of earnings as a result thereof.

(6) Whether, in assessing the Applicants’ claims for damages for defamation, the Court should take into account the fact that the trade union to which the Applicants belonged was involved in a communications campaign with the Defendants.

(7) Whether aggravated damages should be awarded against the Defendants because:

(a) despite their knowledge of the falsity of their own statements (to be inferred from their inability to justify their own statements), had persistently refused to make an apology,

(b) they continued to publish and repeat the defamatory matters up to the time of trial.”

8.Save for question (4), the questions are case-specific.

9.As for question (4), we think the answer is beyond argument but in any event was not in this case determinative of the quantum issue.

10.There was a notice of motion by the defendants for leave to cross-appeal on certain questions arising in relation to the Employment Ordinance but, given our determination in respect of the plaintiffs’ applications, the defendants’ application was not pursued.  We accordingly made no order in respect of that application.

11.We ordered that the costs of the plaintiffs’ applications be to the defendants, to be taxed if not agreed.

(Frank Stock)
Vice-President
(Susan Kwan)
Justice of Appeal
(M. H. Lam)
Judge of the
Court of First Instance

Mr Clive Grossman, SC and Mr Kam Cheung, instructed by Messrs Chiu, Szeto & Cheng, for the Plaintiffs

Mr Robin McLeish, instructed by Messrs Mayer Brown JSM, for the Defendants