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HCMA 7/2022
[2022] HKCFI 766
香港特別行政區
高等法院原訟法庭
刑事上訴司法管轄權
判刑上訴
案件編號:裁判法院上訴案件2022年第7號
(原粉嶺裁判法院刑事案件2021年第1246號)
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判 案 書
A. 前言
1.上訴人被控以下六項控罪。
控罪一:「危險駕駛引致他人身體受嚴重傷害」,違反香港法例第374章《道路交通條例》第36A(1)條;
控罪二:「駕駛時無駕駛執照」,違反《道路交通條例》第42(1)及(4)條;
控罪三: 「沒有第三者保險而使用車輛」,違反香港法例第272章《汽車保險(第三者風險)條例》第4(1)及4(2)(a) 條;
控罪四:「發生交通意外後沒有停車(有人受傷及造成損害)」,違反《道路交通條例》第56(1)(a)、56(1)(b)及56(5)條;
控罪五:「發生有人受傷的意外後而沒有報案」,違反《道路交通條例》第56(3)及56(6)條; 及
控罪六:經修訂後的「沒有按照書面要求提供資料」罪,違反《道路交通條例》第63(1)(a)及(6)(a)條。
2.在2021年12月10日,控方在粉嶺裁判法院署理主任裁判官鄧少雄 (下稱裁判官) 席前撤回控罪 (一)至 (五) 。上訴人承認控罪 (六) ,裁判官判處上訴人3個月監禁。
3.上訴人不服判刑,提出上訴。
B. 案情
4.裁判官在判刑理由書道出承認案情:
「林先生在當值律師代表下,同意並確認以下為事實[1]: 在案發的日期、時間、地點,車輛一、車輛二及車輛三因應交通情況,依次停下。由涉事司機駕駛的涉事車輛卻以高速從後撞到車輛三,而導致四車連環相撞;之後有兩名男子從涉事車輛下車逃走。意外導致車輛一及二中度損毀,車輛三及涉事車輛嚴重損毀;車輛三的司機全身多處骨折,需要留院六十九天。警方調查後找到涉事車輛的註冊車主;他指由2021年2月開始,容許林先生看管涉事車輛,但從來沒有准許他駕駛涉事車輛。在2021年8月19日,林先生被警方拘捕及警誡後,表示不會提供在意外時,駕駛涉事車輛的司機(即涉事司機)的任何資料予警方,最終林先生也沒在限期前提供相關的司機資料予警方,他因而干犯控罪六。」
C. 上訴理由
5.根據無律師代表的上訴人於2021年12月15日的陳述書,他就判刑的上訴理由為:
「1) 於2021年8月19日晚上9:00PM我在屯門警署,被羈押期間警員PC11033黃福進親手交給我一份提供司機書面陳述書當時在羈押期間本人之手機已被警員保存不能提供個人資料第二天早上,即送去屯門法院提訊,即時還押荔枝角監獄當時我也立即寫信知會朋友,請即提供司機資料,可惜直到上庭前仍未回覆,在這過程中我已盡了個人責任現希望法官大人諒解。 (『理由一』)
2) 據我理解一般不能提供司機情況下,一般案例判決如不[認]罪都是罰款處理而本人[認]罪但換來3個月獄禁,我相信是刑罰過重 (『理由二』)
6.根據「不服判處向法官提出上訴的通知書」 (表格102) ,上訴人指判處過重 (「理由三」)。
D. 判刑理由
7.裁判官在其判刑理由書已因應上訴人指出的上訴理由將其判刑理由道出:
「理由一
7. 在判刑前,代表林先生的當值律師從來沒有向本席提及任何和理由一相關的內容;在林先生所承認的『案情撮要』中,亦沒有提及相關的事情,本席無須處理理由一。
理由二及三
8. 理由二及三均指判刑過重,本席可以合併處理。
9. 根據案例HKSAR v. YEUNG WAI YIN HERA [1999] 3 HKC 641, 上訴法院指:
“The owner of a vehicle is the person in the best position to provide particulars of the driver. The owner who has the privilege of using his vehicle on the road, is under a reciprocal moral duty to provide the particulars of the driver suspected of having committed an offence while driving the vehicle. This duty has been made a statutory duty by virtue of s 63 of the Road Traffic Ordinance. Subsection (5) also provides a statutory defence, if the owner does not know and could not with reasonable diligence have ascertained the identity of the driver. The section is therefore an enforcement provision to enable the driver suspected of having committed an offence to be identified and brought to justice. In order that our road traffic laws can be effectively enforced, owners who fail to provide particulars of the drivers must be given a substantial sentence to deter them from frustrating the purpose of the law, or buying out criminal record or driving offence points for the driver….
Cases where the identity of the driver is material are cases where the driver will be subject to other criminal or civil liability or will incur driving offence points. For this type of cases, the penalty depends on the fault of the owner. This is what s 63(7) specifically requires the sentencing magistrate to have regard to. In general, if the failure to provide particulars is deliberate, a starting point at the middle of the maximum penalty or ten times the penalty which the driver would be sentenced is appropriate. If the failure is due to negligence, then a starting point at one-third of the maximum sentence or six times the penalty which the driver would be sentenced is appropriate. The starting point will then be revised upwards or downwards depending on the circumstances of the case. Circumstances to be considered include:
(a) Nature of the offence the driver is suspected of having committed;
(b) the facts of his alleged offence (s 63(7));
(c) the maximum sentence in respect of the offence suspected to have been committed by the driver;
(d) the likely sentence which the driver will receive, if he were brought to justice;
(e) whether the driver is liable to disqualification;
(f) whether substantial damage to property or personal injuries have been caused by the conduct of the driver;
(g) what effort has the owner made in ascertaining the identity of the driver.
In the present case, even on the evidence of the appellant, he did nothing to ascertain the identity of the driver. He made no inquiries at all apart from telling the police that he did not know the identity of the driver because he was in Japan. The magistrate did not believe in his evidence. He is entitled to find that the failure to provide particulars of the driver was deliberate….
I have explained the rational for adopting a deterrent attitude towards this type of offences. Owners should be discouraged from buying the driver out of criminal liability or buying the driver out the driving offence points. I must warn that in an appropriate case, where refusal to provide particulars is deliberate to protect the driver from prosecution of serious road traffic offence, immediate custodial sentence, even for a first offender is appropriate. Offences such as road racing, and reckless driving are within this category. The appeal against sentence is therefore dismissed.”
10. 從林先生同意的案情可見,他並非不知道、忘記了或並沒有涉事司機的資料,而是選擇故意不提供該些資料予警方,令涉事司機消遙法外,逃之夭夭,法庭不能將他繩之於法。
11. 林先生選擇隱瞞,令其他車輛上無辜的司機,在民事索償的程序上變得困難重重,甚至最終無法追討或獲得應有賠償。
12. 林先生的作為非常不負責任,他不能夠一方面選擇包庇涉事司機,不提供他的資料,令他逍遙法外,亦加重了無辜司機追究賠償的難度;一方面卻妄想可以獲得法庭的輕判。
13. 本席認為本案案情嚴重,即時監禁是唯一選擇。以本案案情而言,四個半月的監禁是合適的起始點。
14. 林先生有多項交通紀錄,但與控罪六並不相同;他除了坦誠認罪外,並沒有其他求情理由。本席在扣減三份一刑期後,判處他三個月的監禁。他現在因一項詐騙罪而服刑二十七個月;該案與本案完全無關,因此本案的刑期應該和該案的分期執行。
總結
15. 本席認為本案案情嚴重,適當的量刑起點為四個半月的即時監禁;林先生除認罪外,沒有其他求情因素;他現有的刑期和本案的分期執行,是合適的。本席判處他就控罪六三個月的即時監禁,和現有刑期分期執行。」
E. 答辯人回應
8.答辯人代表檢控官姚俊熙的書面陳詞基本上是支持裁判官的裁定,指判刑合理。
9.答辯人亦指出在求情時,上訴人當時的代表大律師並無提及理由一的內容。答辯人亦指出上訴人提及他失去手提電話而令他不能提供資料,此言不合理,強調上訴人是故意不提供有關資料。
F. 上訴人的進一步回應
10.上訴人進一步以書面回應答辯人的陳詞。基本上,上訴人是重申他的上訴理由。他指他只是回到監獄才記起當日在屯門警署發生的事。他強調因事發當日他不是司機,故此失去手提電話令他不能提供資料。
11.上訴人否認他故意隱瞞司機資料。
G. 本席作出的考慮
12.本席在考慮了裁判官的判刑理由後,完全認同裁判官的分析及裁定。上訴人所述的「已盡了個人責任」,根本不可信。
13.上訴人在審訊時得控方撤回起訴他非常嚴重的罪行,可說是非常幸運。綜觀所有環境情況,尤其是上訴人是獲車主容許看管涉事車輛的人,而上訴人在警誡下更表示他不會提供涉案司機的任何資料,裁判官在考慮所有環境情況後,判處上訴人3個月監禁,判刑並非明顯過重。此刑期與上訴人因詐騙罪而服刑的27個月分期執行,亦符合整體刑期的法律原則。
F. 裁決
14.基於上述理由,本席駁回上訴人就判刑的上訴。
答辯人:由律政司檢控官姚俊熙代表香港特別行政區
上訴人:無律師代表,親自應訊
[1] 詳情見「案情撮要」(Brief Facts)
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