Re Sunac China Holdings Ltd
Read the full judgment text of HCMP 382/2023 on BabelCite. This High Court CFI judgment was delivered on 5 October 2023.
1. The Company seeks the Court’s sanction under section 673 of the Companies Ordinance (Cap. 622) (“ Ordinance ”) of a scheme of arrangement between the Company and the Scheme Creditors. The resolution of the Scheme Meeting was carried by an overwhelming majority in number of the Scheme Creditors present and voting, in person or by proxy (namely, 2014 Scheme Creditors voting for the Scheme and five Scheme Creditors voting against), with those voting in favour holding 98.3% of the Voting Scheme
Cited by 10 cases · Cites 10 cases
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HCMP 382/2023 [2023] HKCFI 2850 IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE MISCELLANEOUS PROCEEDINGS NO 382 OF 2023 ____________________
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_________________________________ REASONS FOR DECISION _________________________________ The application 1.The Company seeks the Court’s sanction under section 673 of the Companies Ordinance (Cap. 622) (“Ordinance”) of a scheme of arrangement between the Company and the Scheme Creditors. The resolution of the Scheme Meeting was carried by an overwhelming majority in number of the Scheme Creditors present and voting, in person or by proxy (namely, 2014 Scheme Creditors voting for the Scheme and five Scheme Creditors voting against), with those voting in favour holding 98.3% of the Voting Scheme Claims at the Scheme Meeting. 2.I shall adopt the abbreviations and terminology employed in the Scheme and the Explanatory Statement despatched to the Scheme Creditors in accordance with my Order made on the Originating Summons on 26 July 2023 (“Convening Order”). Background 3.The Scheme seeks to restructure the Company’s indebtedness in order to avoid a group-wide liquidation. In the Company’s liquidation, the Scheme Creditors’ recovery is estimated to be approximately 5.8%–9.6%, but the Scheme Creditors’ recovery under the Scheme is estimated to be approximately 100%. 4.The background of the Company is in brief as follows. On 27 April 2007, the Company was incorporated as an exempted company with limited liability in the Cayman Islands. On 7 October 2009, the Company was registered as a non-Hong Kong company under Part XI of the predecessor Companies Ordinance (Cap. 32). The Company has been listed on The Main Board of The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (“SEHK”) with Stock Code 1918 since 2010. 5.The Company is an investment holding company whose operating subsidiaries are in the Mainland (together, “Group”). The Group is principally engaged in property development and investment in the Mainland. The Group’s business is organised into four business segments in the Mainland:
6.The Group has a subsidiary, Sunac Services Holdings Limited (“Sunac Services”), which is also listed on SEHK (stock code 1516). Sunac Services is a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, mainly engaged in providing property management services, value-added services for non-owners, community living services, and commercial operation management services in the Mainland. The Company’s financial difficulties 7.Largely due to the onset of the pandemic and dramatic changes in the macro environment in the Mainland property sector since the second half of 2021, the Company has endured a few years of financial difficulties. Consequently, the Group incurred a net loss of approximately RMB42.00 billion (US$5.81 billion) and RMB29.89 billion (US$4.14 billion) for the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2022 respectively. 8.As at 31 December 2022:
9.As of 31 December 2022, on a standalone basis:
10.The Company’s offshore indebtedness arises from principally the following:
11.The Company’s financial difficulties caused the Company to default on its borrowings:
12.On 8 September 2022, a purported beneficial holder of certain Existing Notes presented a winding-up petition against the Company (HCCW 319/2022). On 13 June 2023, as a result of the parties’ mutual agreement, the petition was withdrawn. 13.In order to avoid a liquidation and to return the Company to a solvent going concern, the Company has been pursuing a debt restructuring leading to the Scheme. 14.The Scheme compromises only the Existing Debt, being the Existing Notes and the Existing Private Debt. The Company and the Group will deal with the Company’s other indebtedness bilaterally. There is nothing unusual in this. A company is permitted by the Ordinance to introduce a scheme, which only compromises part of its debt and a company can choose, which portion of its debt to scheme. This is partly a consequence of the fact that section 673 of the Ordinance does not provide a mechanism directed specifically at facilitating financially challenged companies to restructure their debt. It is a mechanism included in the general company’s legislation, rather that that specifically dealing with insolvency (Companies (Winding Up and Miscellaneous Provisions) Ordinance, Cap. 32), and allows a company to make arrangements between itself and its member in connection with matters that have nothing to do with insolvency or debt such as change in capital structure, as well as compromise between a company and all or part of a section of its creditors. 15.It has become increasingly common for Mainland business groups listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange to compromise their off-shore debt denominated in currencies other than RMB through Hong Kong schemes of arrangement. Their more substantial on-shore debt will be restructured in the Mainland in accordance with the methods available under the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law as well as out of court consensual arrangements. The People’s Republic of China (the Mainland and the Hong Kong SAR) is the jurisdiction with which such business groups have by far their closest connections. The Mainland and Hong Kong have processes, techniques and courts familiar in addressing the financial difficulties which, unfortunately, business groups have in recent years encountered in increasing numbers. 16.The Scheme Creditors’ recovery under the Scheme is estimated to be about 100%, whereas in a liquidation the Scheme Creditors’ recovery is estimated to be about 5.8%–9.6%. The Scheme will seek to discharge the Existing Debt, being the Existing Notes and the Existing Private Debt outlined above (Clause 6.1 of the Scheme). In return, the Creditors will be entitled to the following Restructuring Consideration (Clause 6.2 of the Scheme):
Applicable Legal Principles 17.In considering whether to sanction a scheme, the Court applies some well-established principles which were recently restated in Re China Singyes Solar Technologies Holdings Ltd[1], in particular the following:
I will deal with each principle in turn. 18.As in Singyes, the Scheme is a genuine debt restructuring of a distressed company. The Scheme also provides for certain ancillary discharge of Released Claims (Clause 6.1 of the Scheme), comprising mainly:
19.The discharge of third-party guarantees is uncontroversial and permissible: Re Unity Group Holdings International Ltd[2].The ancillary discharge in favour of third parties in connection with the Company’s restructuring steps is also permissible: Re Century Sunshine Group Holdings Ltd[3]; Re Century Sun International Ltd[4]. 20.In considering whether creditors are properly classified, the test is whether creditors who are called on to vote as a single class have sufficiently similar legal rights that they could consult together with a view to their common interest at a single meeting. The relevant principles may be summarised thus:
21.As regards the identification of the appropriate comparator, the established practice is as follows:
22.In brief, in assessing the Scheme Creditors’ rights, the Court considers what are often referred to as “rights in” and “rights out”:
23.Applying the above principles, the Scheme in my view correctly placed the Scheme Creditors in one class for the following reasons:
24.The Convening Order has been complied with. The English and Chinese advertisement of the Notice of the Scheme Meeting was duly placed in The Standard and Sing Tao Daily on 28 August 2023. 25.As I have already mentioned during the Scheme Meeting held on 18 September 2023, the Scheme Creditors overwhelmingly voted in favour of the Scheme: see the Chairperson’s Report. As summarised above at paragraph 3, the requirements under section 674(1)(b) of the Ordinance that the Scheme be approved by a majority in number representing at least 75% in value of the Scheme Creditors present and voting in person or by proxy have been satisfied. As the Company has a duty to reflect what transpired at the Scheme Meeting accurately and to present a full picture to the Court (Re Kosonic Industries Co Ltd[14]), the Chairperson’s Report has also shown that 14 Scheme Creditors abstained from voting and their Scheme Claims amounted to 2.7% of the Scheme Claims held by the Scheme Creditors present at the Scheme Meeting. 26.To satisfy the requirements of section 671(3) of the Ordinance, an explanatory statement must be sufficiently informative:
27.In my view the Explanatory Statement satisfies the requirements of section 671(3):
28.As regards the Liquidation Analysis, the firm commissioned to prepare the analysis took the approach of considering the liquidation of the Group on a consolidated basis along the segmental lines of the Group’s four main areas of business, as opposed to considering the liquidation of each Group entity on an entity-by-entity basis. The rationale for this approach is that the Company has received Mainland legal advice that in the event of the Group’s liquidation, the liquidation process is likely to be conducted on a consolidated, segmental basis. This approach to preparing the Liquidation Analysis is justifiable because it reflects the actual liquidation scenario, as demonstrated by the similar case of Re CFLD (Cayman) Investment Ltd[16]:
29.In addition, on 4 September 2023, the Company provided a Supplementary Explanatory Statement to the Scheme Creditors to inform them of the Special Dividends to be declared for payment to the Sunac Services Shareholders (as defined in the Supplementary Explanatory Statement) and to provide Scheme Creditors with sufficient explanation to make an informed choice regarding the Restructuring Consideration. The provision of such supplemental information well in advance of the Scheme Meeting is permissible (e.g. Re Hong Kong Airlines Ltd[17]). 30.The court will approve a scheme which it is satisfied is one that an intelligent and honest person acting in accordance with his interests as a member of the class within which he voted might reasonably approve. In practice in the absence of opposition the court is unlikely to scrutinise the merits of a scheme in any detail, which has been approved by the requisite majority is as it normally acts on the principle that businessmen are much better judges of what is to their commercial advantage than the Court could be: Re Allied Properties (HK) Ltd[18]. The primary object of the Scheme is that, upon the Scheme becoming effective, the Scheme Claims will be discharged and in return the Scheme Creditors will be entitled to the relevant Restructuring Consideration. The Restructuring Consideration gives the Scheme Creditors a much better return than in an insolvent liquidation of the Company. It clearly satisfies the criteria I have explained in the first sentence of this paragraph. 31.The Scheme is transactional in scope. There are two aspects to the international dimension. The first concerns the Court’s jurisdiction over a scheme promoted by a foreign company. Where a foreign company promotes a scheme, it is well established that the Court has to consider whether there is sufficient connection between the scheme and Hong Kong (Re China Oil Gangran Energy Group Holdings Ltd[19]; Re Petropavlovsk Plc[20]). 32.There is sufficient connection between the Scheme and Hong Kong. The present case is almost identical to Re China Oil Gangran Energy Group Holdings Ltd[21]:
33.Further, the fact that a significant number of the Existing Debts other than the Existing Notes are governed by Hong Kong law establishes a sufficient connection with Hong Kong: Re Petropavlovsk Plc[22]). 34.Secondly, in an international case, the Court considers whether the scheme is effective in other jurisdictions of practical importance because it would not be a proper exercise of discretion to sanction a scheme that serves no purpose. In practice whether or not a jurisdiction is of practical importance to the efficacy of a scheme sanctioned in Hong Kong will commonly be determined by the following considerations:
35.As regards Scheme Claims to be discharged under the Scheme which are governed by Hong Kong law, any dissenting creditors’ opposition should not hamper the effectiveness of the Scheme (e.g. Re China Bozza Development Holdings Ltd[23]). 36.As the Scheme Claims relating to the Existing Notes are all governed by New York law, the Company will seek a Chapter 15 recognition of the Scheme (Clause 3.3 of the Scheme). The Scheme provides for the appointment of a foreign representative in seeking the Chapter 15 recognition (Clause 26 of the Scheme). The Company’s application for the Chapter 15 recognition will be heard on or around 31 October 2023. There is no reason to think Chapter 15 recognition will not be granted. 37.The Company does not need a parallel scheme in the Cayman Islands because Cayman lawyers have advised the Company that the Cayman court will treat Chapter 15 recognition as effecting a discharge of New York law-governed debts. 38.As regards Scheme Claims governed by English law, there is no indication that the relevant Scheme Creditors would take any adverse enforcement against the Company. One Scheme Creditor, whose English law-governed Scheme Claim amounted to approximately US$808,727, voted against the Scheme. Even if this Scheme Creditor decided to take any adverse enforcement against the Company (which I am told is doubtful), the Company would have sufficient resources to prevent any such enforcement attempt from jeopardising the Scheme. Therefore, in practice the risk of adverse enforcement in England jeopardising successful implementation of the Scheme is minimal. Further, in this connection, it is also relevant to take account of the fact that the Scheme enjoys overwhelming Scheme Creditor support:
39.It is common in complex restructuring for schemes sanctioned by the Court only to become effective after a series of post-sanction steps occur. The present Scheme is similar because the Restructuring Effective Date is conditional on a series of post-sanction steps to implement the Scheme, such as steps to issue the New Notes, Convertible Bonds and the Mandatory Convertible Bonds. The Company is on track to satisfy these Restructuring Effective Date conditions. The present case is thus similar to Re Hong Kong Airlines Ltd[24], and the fact that there are various steps to be taken before the Scheme is implemental is not a reason to decline to sanction it. Conclusion 40.The Scheme is a legitimate debt restructuring scheme which has complied with all the statutory requirements and has received the requisite Scheme Creditors’ overwhelming support. I, therefore, make an order in the terms presented to me sanctioning in.
Mr Look Chan Ho, instructed by Sidley Austin, for the company [1] [2020] HKCFI 467; [2020] HKCLC 379 at [7]. [2] [2022] HKCFI 3419; [2022] HKCLC 1293 at [12]. [3] [2023] HKCFI 2041 at [35]. [4] [2021] HKCFI 2928; [2021] HKCLC 1477 at [18]. [5] [2021] HKCFI 1592; [2021] HKCLC 911 at [15]–[16]. [6] [2023] EWHC 696 (Ch) at [28]–[29] (Leech J). [7] [2022] HKCFI 3792; [2022] HKCLC 1343 at [15]. [8] [2022] EWHC 3448 (Ch) at [30] (Michael Green J). [9] [2022] HKCFI 3419; [2022] HKCLC 1293 at [12]–[17]. [10] [2022] EWHC 3496 (Ch) at [12] (Michael Green J). [11] [2015] EWHC 2662 (Ch); [2016] BCC 194 at [23] (Snowden J). [12] [2022] HKCFI 185; [2022] HKCLC 25 at [16]. [13] [2023] EWHC 1513 (Ch) at [30] (Adam Johnson J). [14] (Unrep., HCMP 2172/1999, 3 June 1999) at [9] (Le Pichon J). [15] [2021] EWHC 814 (Ch) at [95]–[99] (Snowden J). [16] [2022] EWHC 3496 (Ch) at [11] (Michael Green J). [17] [2022] HKCFI 3792; [2022] HKCLC 1343 at [20]–[21]. [18] [2020] HKCA 973; [2020] HKCLC 1549 at [37]. [19] [2021] HKCFI 1592; [2021] HKCLC 911 at [21]. [20] [2023] EWHC 264 (Ch) at [21] (Michael Green J). [21] Supra. [22] Supra. [23] [2023] HKCFI 1620 at [29]. [24] [2022] HKCFI 3792; [2022] HKCLC 1343 at [26]–[29]. |
Cases cited in this judgment