伍威 訴 劉一萍

Read the full judgment text of CACV 32/2009 on BabelCite. This Court of Appeal judgment was delivered on 27 March 2009 before Tang KW (鄧國楨), VP; Yuen KA (袁家寧), JA.

Civil appeal – stay of execution – appeal from order to pay US$150,000 into court within 21 days – Rules of the High Court O.59 r.13 – no automatic stay on appeal – court considers whether appeal would be rendered nugatory, relative prejudice and merits of appeal – appellate court will only interfere with lower court's exercise of discretion in special circumstances per PC CW-HKT International Ltd v New World Telephone Ltd [2001] 2 HKC 416 – payment into court rather than to plaintiff negates nugatory-appeal risk – defendant failed to show material or irreparable loss – defendant's argument that she might be imprisoned for contempt and unable to defend her appeal is logically flawed – compliance with the order would not render the appeal nugatory – per Ma Po Chim, Percy v Lee Tung Hai, Leo, CACV 160/2007 and 161/2007, court unwilling to assess prospects of success unless the appeal is clearly and unquestionably meritorious – Mainland court judgment relied on by defendant is not yet shown to be a final and irrevocable judgment under Hong Kong law – per 李祐榮 訴 李瑞群 [2007] 2 HKLRD 749, the question whether the Mainland "trial supervision" system deprives Mainland judgments of finality raises questions of general public importance and complex legal issues that can only be determined after a full trial – defendant's request for a three-month adjournment to allow settlement in the Mainland refused; parties cannot be compelled to settle – application for stay dismissed – costs of application to follow the event under O.62 r.3 – lump sum costs awarded under O.62 r.9(4) – plaintiff's claimed costs of HK$62,750 reduced to HK$45,000 as excessive – defendant ordered to pay HK$45,000.

Legal issues: Stay of execution pending appeal · Lump sum costs of stay application

Outcome: Defendant's application for a stay of execution of the order dated 30 January 2009 was dismissed.

Cited by 7 cases · Cites 3 cases

Case No.CACV 32/2009
Court
Court of Appeal
Date27 Mar 2009
JudgeTang KW (鄧國楨), VP; Yuen KA (袁家寧), JA
Case Document
100%Judiciary

CACV 32/2009

香港特別行政區

高等法院上訴法庭

民事司法管轄權

民事上訴

案件編號:民事上訴案件2009年第32號

(原高院民事訴訟2004年第1452號)

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原告人 WU WEI(伍威)  
   
被告人 LIU YI PING(劉一萍)  

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主審法官:   高等法院上訴法庭副庭長鄧國楨
  高等法院上訴法庭法官袁家寧

聆訊日期:2009年3月5日

判決書日期:2009年3月27日

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判決書

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上訴法庭副庭長鄧國楨頒發上訴法庭判決書:

1.原訟法庭暫委法官黃國瑛(「黃暫委法官」)在2009年1月30日命令被告須在當天起計21天內,把15萬美元繳存法院。被告人不服,在2009年2月19日存檔上訴通知書提出上訴。

2.同日,被告人以傳票申請暫緩執行該命令。

3.本案背景複雜,但黃暫委法官在其判決書第3至60段已作詳細交代,本庭不在此重覆。

4.關於暫緩執行的申請,第4A章《高等法院規則》第59號命令第13條規則列明:

「13. 擱置執行等(第59號命令第13條規則)

(1)   除下級法庭或上訴法庭或單一名法官另有指示外─

(a)   上訴不具有將根據下級法庭的決定作出的執行或進行的法律程序擱置的效力;

(b)   上訴不會令任何中期行動或法律程序失效。

(2)   除非上訴法庭另有命令,否則在來自原訟法庭的上訴中,對於因上訴而被延遲的執行時間,須判給利息。」

5.至於何時法庭會暫緩執行下級法院的命令呢?這方面法庭早已有定案。原訟法庭法官馬道立(當時官階)在Star Play Development Ltd. v. Bess Fashion Management Co. Ltd., HCA 4726/2001(未被收錄,2002年5月28日)的判決書說:

“7.  In other words, unless the defendant can justify a stay of execution, one will not be ordered.  The practice of the court is that justification can be demonstrated only if good reasons exist.

8.   Good reason can exist in a variety of forms.  It will be wrong to set out any exhaustive definition of what would constitute good reasons, but, commonly, reference is made to factors such as whether the absence (or existence) of a stay would render an appeal nugatory (thus bringing into focus the relative prejudice that may be caused to the appellant and to the respondent by a stay of execution), and the merits of the appeal.

9.   In the context of these two factors, I would make the following observations :

(1)    In determining the question whether or not an appeal would be rendered nugatory, the court must of course first have regard to the nature of the order that is the subject matter of the appeal.  If the order appealed against is a money judgment, the court will require evidence as to why the levying of execution will result in the appeal being rendered nugatory, such as, for example, an appreciable risk that the respondent to the appeal would not be able to repay in the event of a successful appeal. …”

即是說法庭會考慮的問題會包括:如果不暫緩執行,會否使上訴變得沒有意義。例如,付了錢給對方,但上訴成功之時,對方已沒有能力還錢。在本案中,黃暫委法官命令款項繳存法院,所以沒有以上所提的風險。被告人未能提出或舉證證明不暫緩執行該命令會對她構成任何重大的不利或金錢也不能彌補的損失。

6.至於上訴的成功機會,這亦是法庭應考慮的因素之一。但由於黃暫委法官行使其酌情權頒發該命令,上訴法庭只會在特殊情況下才會干預原訟法庭行使酌情權的決定,見:PCCW-HKT International Ltd v New World Telephone Ltd [2001] 2 HKC 416 (CA)(梅賢玉副庭長在424B所言)。況且本庭不認同被告人的上訴有成功的機會。

7.至於被告人依賴國內法院所作出對她有利的判決這點,關鍵是國內法院所作的判決是否合乎香港特別行政區法律下所認為是最終和不可推翻的判決。在 李祐榮  李瑞群 一案[2007] 2 HKLRD 749,上訴法庭已經作出裁決:

「(2)   國內的‘審判監督’制度是否令國內判決不屬於最終和不可推翻,是具有公眾重要性的議題,並涉及複雜的法律問題,法庭不能在不進行審訊下對該等問題作出裁決。」

所以這問題必須在正審之後才可以作出裁決。

8.至於被告人提出要暫緩執行的其他理由,她指出如果本申請不獲批准,原告人很可能控告她藐視法庭而令她入獄,她便不能正常地出庭為自己的上訴辯護。本庭同意代表原告人的余大律師所說:

「9.  這論點的邏輯犯駁,不能接納。被告認定儘管杜暫委法官把該命令的限期延至2009年3月12日她無論如何也不會遵從該命令,所以原告須要使用藐視法庭的程序以執行該命令。被告再假設最終她會被判藐視法庭而入獄,並錯誤地以為如果她被監禁,她便不能為自己的上訴出庭。

10.  要是被告服從該命令,把15萬美元存放在法庭中,當她成功上訴後,該款項仍會原封不動在法庭中,被告也可取回該款項。被告服從該命令絕不會使被告的上訴等同無效。

11.  由於沒有證供顯示(1)被告沒有能力遵從該命令、(2)該命令會令被告蒙受重大的損失或(3)被告的上訴會因她遵從該命令後等同無效,法庭是不願意浪費時間及訟費在正式上訴前評估上訴的勝算機會去決定是否批准暫緩執行命令的,除非上訴人可以絕對清晰地顯示上訴必定毫無疑問地會成功:見Ma Po Chim, Percy and Ors. v. Lee Tung Hai, Leo, unreported, CACV 160/2007 and CACV 161/2007, 10.7.2007, paras 30-32。」

9.聆訊後,被告人來信向本庭要求法庭延遲3個月作出判決,以便雙方在國內進行和解,但原告人反對這項建議,所以本庭決定現在頒布判決。儘管法庭鼓勵訴訟當事人和解,但法庭不能亦不應強迫他們和解。

10.至於訟費,則須由被告人支付。據《高等法院規則》第62號命令第9(4)條規則:

「(4)   法庭在將訟費判給任何人時,可指示該人有權獲付以下訟費而非經評定的訟費─

……

(b)    指示所指明的整筆款項,以代替經評定的訟費……」

11.本庭認為本案適合採用。

12.被告人在黃暫委法官席前有律師代表,她應知律師費可能昂貴。上訴時她沒有律師代表,但她應知通常訟費須視乎訴訟結果而定(《高等法院規則》第62號命令第3條規則)。

13.上訴不成功的結果便是要支付對方的訟費。如果被告人及早知道敗訴的後果,她或許不會草率上訴。況且評估訟費亦會進一步增加費用。

14.原告人評估本上訴的訟費為$62,750,但本庭認為金額過高,所以減至$45,000。

15.本庭駁回被告人的申請,及命令被告人就本申請須向原告人支付訟費$45,000。

(鄧國楨) (袁家寧)
高等法院上訴法庭副庭長 高等法院上訴法庭法官

被告人:無律師代表,親自應訊。

原告人:由勞潔儀律師行轉聘余啟肇大律師代表。