林 對 蔡

Read the full judgment text of FCMP 248/2021 on BabelCite. This FCMP judgment was delivered on 14 May 2024 before 區域法院暫委法官周博芬.

Guardianship of Minors Ordinance – Child Maintenance – Reasonable Needs – Respondent's Means – Non-disclosure – District Court. Application for child maintenance under Cap 13 s.10(2)(b). Respondent failed to file financial statement. Court assessed child's needs including shared rent and extra activities. Respondent deemed capable of paying based on Social Welfare Report. Maintenance ordered at HK$9,607/month. Respondent ordered to pay costs.

Legal issues: Determination of reasonable maintenance amount · Assessment of Respondent's means despite non-disclosure

Outcome: Maintenance ordered at HK$9,607 per month payable by Respondent to Applicant for Minor LJY.

Cites 2 cases

Case No.FCMP 248/2021[2024] HKFC 102
Court
FCMP
Date14 May 2024
Judge區域法院暫委法官周博芬
Case Document
100%Judiciary

FCMP 248 / 2021

[2024] HKFC 102

香港特別行政區

區域法院

家事雜項案件2021年第248號

______________________________

  有關香港法例第13章《未成年人監護條例》第10條
 
  有關未成年人LJY

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  申請人
   
  答辯人

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主審法官: 區域法院暫委法官周博芬(非公開)
審訊日期: 2023年10月18日
判案書日期: 2024年5月14日

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判決書
(未成年人 - 贍養費)

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引言

1.申請人(“女方”)基於《未成年人監護條例》香港法例第13章,第10(2)(b)條,於2023年7月20日以傳票向答辯人(“男方”)申請未成年人(“女兒”)每月港幣11,300元的贍養費。

2.男方違反法院於2023年8月28日頒布的命令,存檔法院及送達對方其《經濟狀況陳述書》;亦沒有在時限內存檔法院及送達對方其反對誓章。雖然如此,男方仍然反對女方的贍養費申請,他並無提出任何建議,只是說他不用支付女兒每月贍養費。審訊後,男方也沒有呈交其結案陳詞。

背景

3.女方與男方於自2018年共賦同居,隨後於2019年8月6日誕下非婚生女兒。女方指男方未能提供足夠的生活費,大約2021年3月份,女方獲得關愛基金發放低收入家庭新來港定居人士一次性津貼並成功向社會福利署申請綜合社會保障援助金(“綜援金”)。同月,女方與男方分開居住。

4.2021年11月17日,女方根據《家庭及同居關係暴力條例》(香港法例第189章)為她及女兒申請禁止騷擾令。2022年7月8日,男方向法庭及向女方承諾他本人或其代理人不會以任何方式騷擾、襲擊及/或威脅女方。

5.2023年1月4日,區域法院法官彭家光(當時官階)頒布男方可獲女兒的界定探視權。

6.女方沒有工作,也沒有資產,她於《經濟狀況陳述書》中所述,銀行戶口結存(截至2023年8月17日)只有港幣552.82元。由2023年至審訊日,社會福利署每月發放給女方和女兒大約港幣10,920元綜援金。雖然如此,女方父母仍有補貼她生活費,女方偶爾會向朋友借貸。

7.由於男方並無存檔法院其《經濟狀況陳述書》及反對誓章,就男方的背景,本席憑2022年12月23日撰寫的《社會福利調查報告》內的背景部份略了解:男方曾任職不同行業,包括運輸工人、倉務員、待應及售貨員等,每月收入不穩定。男方曾沉迷賭博而欠下債務,至今仍未清繳欠款。男方曾要求女方替他到財務公司借款,但並無履行承諾依時還款,引致關係轉差而分開居住。男方近年在生果檔做散工,每日薪金約港幣900元,每月工作日數約21天。男方表示因腰患而缺勤半個月。基本上,倘若男方當月並無缺勤,他可以賺取港幣18,900元。

8.女方的申請基於女兒每月港幣8,117元的生活開支,除此之外,她認為女兒應該享有興趣班及每月一次回惠州探望外祖父母的旅費共港幣3,160元。因此,女方提出申請女兒每月港幣11,300元的贍養費。女方解釋,男方曾向她表示新冠疫情前的收入有每月港幣50,000元,他只是因疫情而任職散工,每月最高賺取港幣18,900元。女方相信男方具工作能力,可以支付女兒每月港幣11,300元贍養費。

有關法律原則

9.女方的申請是基於香港法例第13章《未成年人監護條例》第10(2)(b)條的規定:

“10.父母其中一方申請發出管養及贍養令

(2) 就某一未成年人而言,不論憑藉根據第(1)款的命令或其他事情而在法律上對該未成年人有管養權的人如提出申請,法院可就該未成年人發出以下任何一項或多於一項命令 ——

(a) …

(b) 規定該名未成年人的父親或母親定期向該申請人支付款項的命令;該款項乃用於該未成年人的贍養,款額為法院於顧及該名父親或母親的經濟狀況後認為合理者;

(c) ….

(d) ….

(e) ….”

10.沈 對 李 (FCMP33/2013, 2014年5月7日)一案中,區域法院暫委法官黃禮榮(當時官階)在12及13段精簡的說明以下原則:

“12. 就法院應如何行使該條例所賦予的權力,區域法院陳忠基法官在JBGMK v JPLY, FCMC 61/2011(判案書日期:2013年10月4日)一案有以下的論述:

“14. There is no apparent issue between the parties over the applicable legal principles for such application, specifically under s 10(2)(b) of GMO: an order requiring payment to the applicant by such parent or either of such parents of such periodical sum towards the maintenance of the minor as the court thinks reasonable having regard to the means of that parent.

15. While the only statutory guidance is that the award shall be reasonable given the means of the paying parent, to arrive at what is in the circumstances reasonable, the court will nevertheless bear in mind all the relevant matters drawn to its attention relating to the parties as well as the child, with perhaps the most outstanding factors being the reasonable needs and requirements of the child which must necessarily be linked to the situation of the custodial parent, financially and otherwise, and the ability of the other parent to pay, bearing in mind of course his or her own reasonable needs and requirements so as to arrive at a fair and just award. After all, the concept of reasonableness being synonymous with fairness must be a universal truth.

16. In other words, the court has to consider carefully the reasonableness or fairness of the amount of the claim by the mother for the child, and having determined what is a reasonable amount after considering the mother’s means and the child’s needs, as in any maintenance case, the court must then consider whether it is reasonable or fair for the father to pay such an amount against the court’s determination of his overall net income and ability : N v D [2008] 1 FLR, 1629.”

13. 扼要來說,法院需於顧及答辯人的經濟狀況後釐定認為合理的款額。在釐定何為合理,法院需考慮雙方及子女的相關事情,特別是子女的合理需要,這亦關係到負責管養子女一方的財政及其他情況與及另一方的財政能力及他自己的合理需要。法院所要達到的是公平及公正的判給。”

11.WGL v ASB (Child Maintenance under the GMO) [2013] HKFLR 391, 原訟法庭朱佩瑩暫委法官(當時官階)說明相關本地與英國法律的關聯。法院就該第10(2)條作出的判決需要兼顧English Children Act 1989中附件1第4段內的各項。

12.在考慮合理的贍養令,按照英國案例Re P (Child: Financial Provision) [2003] 2 FLR 865,Bodey J在第76段提供了相關考慮English Children Act 1989中附件1第4段的總結,如下所示:

“[76] In the light of para 4 of Sch 1to the Children Act 1989 and the authorities to which we have been referred, the following summary can be offered as to the considerations applicable to claims under Sch 1:

“(i) The welfare of the child while a minor, although not paramount, is naturally a very relevant consideration as one of ‘… all the circumstances…’ of the case.

(ii) Considerations as to the length and nature of the parents’ relationship and whether or not the child was planned are generally of little if any relevance, since the child’s needs and dependency are the same regardless: J v C (Child: Financial Provision) [1999] 1 FLR 152 at 154B.

(iii) One of the ‘… financial needs of the child…’ (to which by para 4(1)(c) the court must pay regard) is for him or her to be cared for by a mother who is in a position, both financially and generally, to provide that caring. So it is well established that a child’s need for a carer enables account to be taken of the caring parent’s needs: Haroutunian v Jennings (1980) 1 FLR 62 at 66C; and A v A (A Minor) (Financial Provision) [1994] 1 FLR 657 at 665G.

(iv) By paras 4(1)(a) and (b) of Sch 1, the respective incomes, earning capacities, property and other financial resources of each of the parents must be taken into account, together with their respective financial needs, obligations and responsibilities. So ‘… the child is entitled to be brought up in circumstances which bear some sort of relationship with the father’s current resources and the father’s present standard of living…’ – per Hale J in J v C (Child: Financial Provision) [1999] 1 FLR 152.

(v) However, as this latter concept lends itself to demands going potentially far wider than those reasonably necessary to enable the mother properly to support the child, ‘… one has to guard against unreasonable claims made on the child’s behalf but with the disguised element of providing for the mother’s benefit rather than for the child…’ – J v C (Child: Financial Provision) [1999] 1 FLR 152.

(vi) In cases where the father’s resources permit and the mother lacks significant resources of her own, she will generally need suitable accommodation for herself and the child, settled for the duration of the child’s minority with reversion to the father; a capital allowance for setting up the home and for a car; and income provision (with the expense of the child’s education being taken care of, generally, by the father direct with the school).

(vii) Such income provision is reviewable from time to time, according to the changing circumstances of the parties and of the child.

(viii) The overall result achieved by orders under Sch 1 should be fair, just and reasonable taking into account all the circumstances.

[77] From the experience of this case, I would propose three further considerations:

(i) In considering the mother’s budget, at least in bigger money cases, the court should paint with a broad brush, not getting bogged down in detailed analyses and categorisations of specific items making up opposing budgetary presentations. Rather, the court should do its best to achieve a fair and realistic outcome by the application of broad commonsense to the overall circumstances of the particular case.

(ii) Comparisons with the commercial cost of providing professional care are unlikely to be of great assistance and may only serve to distract.

(iii) When setting up a budget for the sort of lifestyle a child should be enabled to have, the court should not generally attach weight to the risk that the father may reduce or withdraw his support when the child comes of age (or ceases education or training) thereby obliging the child to adapt to a lower lifestyle at that time.

分析

13.女方於2023年7月20日存檔支持誓章,確認她與女兒獲每月綜援金港幣10,920元的同時,女兒的每月開支共港幣8,117元,明細如下:

項目 金額(港幣)
租金($4,440/2) $2,220   
奶粉、尿布 $1,150   
食物 $2,700   
衣服 $500
紙巾、洗髮水、護膚品 $200
交通費  $50
幼兒園用餐 $697
醫生費用 $500
理髮 $100
  $8,117   

14.女方指出女兒可預期的開支如下:

項目 金額(港幣)
畫畫興趣班 $580
跳舞班 $1,080   
益智玩具、小寵物 $500
兒童樂園 $200
每月一次回惠州探外祖父母 $600
零食 $200
家庭每月開支總額 $3,160   
每月開支總額 ($8,117+$3,160) 港幣11,300元      

15.隨後,女方於2023年9月18日存檔其《經濟狀況陳述書》第4部份中說明女兒的每月開支明細如下:

一般開支

項目 金額(港幣)
租金 $4,800   
公共設施雜費(電費、氣體燃料費、差餉、電話費、水費) $700
食物開支 $3,700   
家庭每月開支總額 $9,200   

子女

項目 金額(港幣)
上學交通費(包括校車)  $50
醫療/牙齒護理費 $500
娛樂費/禮物 $100
服裝費/鞋費 $500
午餐及零用錢 $697
子女每月開支總額 $1,847   

每月開支總額 ($9,200+$1,847) 港幣11,047元      

16.另外,在同一份《經濟狀況陳述書》第4.4部份要求每月額外港幣1,600元課外活動費、港幣1,000元娛樂費及小禮物及港幣600元每月回惠州一次探親的車費,共港幣3,200元。

17.男方對上述金額未有提出異議,只是維持他無需支付女兒贍養費。

18.女方於支持誓章及 《經濟狀況陳述書》內的明細有別,雖然總數大概是港幣1萬多元,本席需要評核女兒的每月開支是否合理。

19.首先,《一般開支》而言,女兒的合理支出應該是《經濟狀況陳述書》內所述總和的一半。女兒的《一般開支》應該與女方平分,即(港幣9,200元 × ½) = 港幣4,600元。

20.女兒的個人開支只是每月港幣1,847元,客觀來說,本席認為也屬合理。

21.女兒的基本每月支出應該是(港幣4,600元 + 港幣1,847元) = 港幣6,447元。

22.除此之外,女方於其支持誓章及《經濟狀況陳述書》均指出,她希望女兒可以額外得到港幣3,160元的贍養費。該些項目是畫畫興趣班、跳舞班益智玩具、小寵物兒童樂園、每月一次回惠州探外祖父母的費用及零食的支出。以一位4歲的孩子來說,該些活動屬有益的活動,女兒身心得以健康發展。回鄉探親可以維繫女兒與女方其他家庭成員的關系,也是對女兒有利的。本席同意該些活動都是合符女兒的最佳利益。

23.因此,本席接納,上述各項的總和是(港幣4,600元 + 港幣1,847元 + 港幣3,160元) 共港幣9,607元。這屬一個合理而公平的結果。

24.接下來,法院需考慮男方是否有能力每月支付港幣9,607元。本案中,男方未有遵從法院命令,他並無存檔法院及送達對方其《經濟狀況陳述書》及反對誓章。換言之,男方並沒有在本審訊中提交有關他自己的經濟狀況的證明。鑒於男方違反法院命令未有披露自己的經濟能力,本席將視他有能力支付港幣9,607元女兒贍養費。以互相核對的方法,男方曾向社會福利調查主任表示他每月賺取港幣18,900元,雖然不及女方所指每月港幣50,000元高,但總算是具有經濟能力支付女兒每月贍養費。

25.因此,本席裁定每月港幣9,607元是女兒的合理支出,男方具經濟能力支付該贍養費。

總結

26.現頒布以下命令:

(1)  男方(答辯人)須支付女方(申請人)每月港幣9,607元作為未成年人(女兒)的贍養費,首次支付由2024年6月1日開始為第一期,以後每月第1日付款,直至上述未成年人滿18歲或停止接受全日制教育為止,兩者以較後的日期為準。

(2)  男方(答辯人)須將上述未成年人的贍養費款項直接存入女方(申請人)的指定收取綜合社會保障援助金的銀行戶口。

(3)  男方(答辯人)須支付女方(申請人)本傳票的訟費,包括所有留後待議的訟費。

(4)  女方(申請人)本身之訟費,須按照《法律援助規例》評定。

  周博芬
區域法院暫委法官

申請人:由曾陳胡律師行代表

答辯人:無律師代表,親自出席