Tamang Alka v. Torture Claims Appeal Board / Non-refoulement Claims Petition Office

Read the full judgment text of HCAL 110/2023 on BabelCite. This High Court CFI judgment was delivered on 12 June 2026.

1. By a Form 86 filed on 27 January 2023 (the “Form 86”), the Applicant applied for leave to apply for judicial review of a decision by the Torture Claims Appeal Board (the “TCAB”) dated 13 January 2023 (the “TCAB Decision”), which affirmed a decision by the Director of Immigration (the “DOI”) dated 1 December 2021 in refusing the Applicant’s non-refoulement protection claim.  She named both the TCAB and the DOI as proposed respondents and further named the TCAB as an interested party.

Cites 2 cases

Case No.HCAL 110/2023[2026] HKCFI 3139
Court
High Court CFI
Date12 Jun 2026
Judge
Case Document
100%Judiciary

HCAL 110/2023

[2026] HKCFI 3139

IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE

HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION

COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE

CONSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LIST No. 110 of 2023

BETWEEN

  Tamang Alka Applicant
  and  
  Torture Claims Appeal Board / Putative
  Non-Refoulement Claims Petition Office Respondent
  and  
  Director of Immigration Putative
    Interested Party

Application for Leave to Apply for Judicial Review

NOTIFICATION of the Judge’s decision (Ord. 53 r. 3)

Following;

    consideration of the documents only;          or
   consideration of the documents and oral submissions by the Applicant in open court;

Order by Deputy High Court Judge (Non-Refoulement Claims) Martin Wong:


1.   The Applicant’s Form 86 be amended to name only the TCAB as the putative respondent and the DOI as a putative interested party; and

2.   The application for leave to apply for judicial review be dismissed.

Observations for the Applicant:

Introduction

1.By a Form 86 filed on 27 January 2023 (the “Form 86”), the Applicant applied for leave to apply for judicial review of a decision by the Torture Claims Appeal Board (the “TCAB”) dated 13 January 2023 (the “TCAB Decision”), which affirmed a decision by the Director of Immigration (the “DOI”) dated 1 December 2021 in refusing the Applicant’s non-refoulement protection claim.  She named both the TCAB and the DOI as proposed respondents and further named the TCAB as an interested party.

2.I amended the Form 86 on my own motion to name only the TCAB as the putative respondent and the DOI instead as a putative interested party.

3.The Applicant requested for a hearing and she attended the same.

Background

4.The Applicant is a nation of India.  She seeks non-refoulement protection on the basis that if she was returned, she would be harmed or killed by a loan shark from who she borrowed money and could not repay.  Her personal background, the relevant facts and relevant procedural history have been sufficiently set out in the TCAB Decision, which can be assessed through a hyperlink[1], and I shall not repeat the same herein.

Discussion

5.In a judicial review, this court does not provide a further avenue of appeal.  Though in non-refoulement case an enhanced standard in scrutinizing the decision of the TCAB is required given the seriousness of the issue at hand, this court should not usurp the role of the TCAB, which together with the DOI are the primary decision-makers.  This court will not intervene by way of judicial review unless there are errors of law or procedural unfairness or irrationality in the decision of the TCAB (Nupur Mst v Director of Immigration [2018] HKCA 524, [14(1)]).  There must be a reasonably arguable claim with a realistic prospect of success before leave for judicial review will be granted (Peter Po Fun Chan v Winnie Cheung & Anor (2007) 10 HKCFAR 676).

6.In her affirmation filed in support of this application, the Applicant did not point to any error of law, procedural unfairness or irrationality of the TCAB Decision.

7.At the hearing, when asked if she had anything to add, she informed me that she had been injured in a traffic accident while she was in Hong Kong and was awaiting resolution of the claim arising therefrom.  She asked for more time so that she could stay in Hong Kong and complete the claim.  Unfortunately, this has nothing to do with the issues at hand in this application.

8.Looking at the TCAB Decision, the TCAB took into consideration the Applicant’s case and evidence, including her testimony at the hearing before it and relevant Country of Origin Information [7-14], bore in mind the correct principles in assessment [15-37].  After thorough analysis and assessment, the TCAB came to find and conclude that none of the Applicant’s allegations was made out [38-43].

9.The TCAB then, within in mind the correct legal principles in respect of each of the four applicable grounds under the USM, further found and concluded that none was made out [44-79].

10.Further, the TCAB found and concluded that internal relocation would in any event be available to the Applicant [80-88].

11.I do not see any error of law, procedural unfairness or irrationality in the TCAB Decision, despite rigorous examination and anxious scrutiny.

Conclusion

12.For the above reasons, I am not satisfied that this court should intervene by way of judicial review.  I therefore dismiss the application.

Dated the 12th day of June 2026

  (Cheung Ho Yat, Annson)
for Registrar, High Court

Where leave to apply has been granted, Applicants and their legal advisers are reminded of their obligation to reconsider the merits of their application in the light of the Respondent’s evidence




Notes for the Applicant:

If leave has been granted, the Applicant or the Applicant’s solicitors must:

       
a) serve on the respondent and such interested parties as may be directed by the Court the order granting leave and any directions given within 14 days after the leave was granted (Order 53, rule 4A);

b) issue the originating summons within 14 days after the grant of leave and serve it in accordance with Order 53, rule 5; and

c) supply to every other party copies of every affidavit which the Applicant proposes to use at the hearing, including the affidavit in support of the application for leave (Order 53, rule 6(5)).
  Sent to the Applicant on 12 June 2026

Tamang Alka

Applicant’s ref. no.:
Nil.
  Sent to the Putative Respondent / the Putative Respondent’s solicitors / such Putative Interested Parties as may be directed by the Court / the Putative Interested Parties’ solicitors on 12 June 2026

Torture Claims Appeal Board / Non-Refoulement Claims Petition Office
Putative Respondent’s ref. no.:
USM 19435

Director of Immigration
Putative Interested Party’s ref. no.:
QA T/C 1984/21 (formerly RBCZ 383/21)

Department of Justice,
Senior Assistant Law Officer
(Civil Law)
(Civil Litigation Unit 2)



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