香港特別行政區 訴 陳志榮

Read the full judgment text of CACC 158/2021 on BabelCite. This Court of Appeal judgment was delivered on 23 February 2022 before 潘敏琦 JA, 邱智立 J.

Criminal law – sentence – possession of dangerous drug – ketamine – mixture containing drug – quantity of narcotic unknown – error in treating mixture as pure drug – applicability of Mok Cho Tik guidelines – Muhammad Waqas principles – culpability at low end – short custodial sentence – appeal allowed – sentence reduced – burglary – consecutive sentences – total sentence reduced from 31 to 26 months

Legal issues: Error in sentencing basis for possession of dangerous drug

Outcome: Appeal allowed. Sentence for charge 2 (possession of dangerous drug) reduced from 12 months to 4 weeks, ordered consecutive to charge 1 (25 months). Total sentence reduced from 31 months to 26 months.

Cited by 6 cases · Cites 3 cases

Case No.CACC 158/2021[2022] HKCA 321
Court
Court of Appeal
Date23 Feb 2022
Judge潘敏琦 JA, 邱智立 J
Case Document
100%Judiciary

CACC 158/2021

[2022] HKCA 321

香港特別行政區

高等法院上訴法庭

刑事司法管轄權

判刑上訴許可申請

刑事上訴案件2021年第158號

(原區域法院刑事案件2020年第917號)

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答辯人 香港特別行政區  
   
上訴人 陳志榮 (CHAN CHI WING)  

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主審法官﹕ 高等法院上訴法庭法官潘敏琦
  高等法院原訟法庭法官邱智立
聆訊日期 : 2022年2月23日
判案日期 : 2022年 2月23 日
判案理由書日期 : 2022年2 月23 日

判 案 理 由 書

高等法院上訴法庭法官潘敏琦頒發上訴法庭判案理由書:

引言

1.上訴人在區域法院暫委法官張志偉(「原審法官」)席前承認第一項「入屋犯法」罪(控罪一)和一項「管有危險藥物」罪(控罪二),被分別判處入獄25和12 個月,原審法官下令控罪二中的6 個月分期執行,總刑期為31 個月。

2.上訴人就第二項控罪的判刑及總刑期,提出上訴及申請上訴許可。

3.單一法官在2022 年1 月26 日就上訴人提出的兩個上訴理由批出上訴許可。[1]

案情

4.上訴人承認,與兩名身分不詳的人進入一間他曾工作過的餐廳內,盜竊現金11 萬元(控罪一),並在同日下午,登上一部的士,前往大圍。到達大圍時,上訴人的反應令至的士司機報警求助。警員其後從上訴人的右前褲袋檢獲一個膠袋,載有內含氯胺酮的0.80 克固體(控罪二)。

5.上訴人在警誡下承認氯胺酮乃供其自用,其後進一步承認涉及早前的爆竊案。

上訴理由

6.上訴理由指:

(1)  原審法官錯誤以18 個月作為控罪二的量刑基準,屬明顯過重;故致使

(2)  總刑期明顯過重。

7.上訴方指,原審法官錯誤把控罪二涉及「內含氯胺酮的0.8 克固體」[2]當作「0.8 克的固體氯胺酮」。上訴方依賴HKSAR v Muhammad Waqas[3]一案,指出假若控罪不能列明固體混合物或固體內所含的毒品的重量,則法庭無從以毒品重量作為量刑基礎。該案其中一項控罪涉及0.89 克粉末含有可卡因的痕跡,上訴法庭撤銷原先的8 個月刑期,改判監禁一個月。

8.上訴方認為,以本案所涉及的「內含氯胺酮的0.8 克固體」,原審法官錯誤以HKSAR v Mok Cho Tik[4]案的針對管有危險藥物的判刑範疇中最高上限作為量刑基準,加上他援引了HKSAR v Hii Siew Cheng[5]案,看來也有混淆涉及販運氯胺酮的量刑指引。

9.上訴方指,由於原審法官就控罪的量刑干犯了原則性的錯誤,判處過重的刑罰,亦導致上訴人的總刑期明顯過重。

答辯人的回應

10.答辯人公平地不爭議本上訴。答辯人的立場是,原審法官在量刑時的確錯誤把本案所牽涉的毒品認定為0.8 克的固體氯胺酮,而事實上,本案並沒有證據顯示該固體中氯胺酮的份量,只有固體的總重量。根據Muhammad Waqas 案,本案缺乏可供原審法官採用HKSAR v Mok Cho Tik案的量刑指引的基礎,原審法官的做法似乎是原則性犯錯,以本案所涉及的物質而言,認罪後判處12 個月的監禁、並下令其中之6 個月分期執行是明顯過重。

11.答辯人同意本上訴應被判得直,本庭應對控罪二重新進行量刑。

討論

12.就第二項控罪,原審法官在其判刑理由書説:

「26. 至於第二項控罪,「管有危險藥物」罪的最高刑罰則為罰款港幣1,000,000 元,及監禁7 年。一般管有毒品自用的判刑介乎1218 個月的即時監禁,視乎涉案毒品份量。

27. 本案涉及的毒品及份量是管有0.8 克的固體氯胺酮,而根據許守城一案 [2008] 3 HKC 323,涉及販運氯胺酮屬於1至10 克的組別,應處二至四年監禁。

28. 本席考慮了涉案毒品的類別和份量及作管有的用途,本席認為,就管有危險藥物罪,合適的量刑起點應為18 個月,給予被告人三分之一的量刑折扣後,判監12 個月。

29. 除被告人認罪,本席給予被告人每一項控罪三分之一的量刑折扣外,本席認為,他再沒有其他有效的求情因素可令判刑有進一步折扣。」

13.從上述段落可見,原審法官犯了以下的錯誤。首先,本控罪二涉及管有「內含氯胺酮的0.8 克固體」,而非原審法官所認定的「0.8 克的固體氯胺酮」。此外,許守城案的量刑指引是針對販運氯胺酮,完全不適用於本案,本庭實難以明白原審法官在第27 段援引許守城案的用意何在。

14.本庭再就着上述兩點深入分析。

15.上訴法庭在Muhammad Waqas案中指出政府化驗師在處理1 克以下的物質,不會對毒品份量作出量化而把有關毒品的詳情局限於該含有毒品成份物質本身的重量的做法:

“59. There are two consequences of this practice. The first is that a sentencing court will not know the quantity of the narcotic and so cannot use the quantity of narcotic, as opposed to the quantity of the mixture, as a factor to which it can have regard in determining the appropriate sentence. The second is that the sentencing court will not know whether the dangerous drug being possessed by the offender is capable of providing the user of it with a narcotic effect or is just a useless substance…

60. These consequences do not sit well with the leading case on sentencing for possession of a dangerous drug, namely the Court of Appeal’s judgment in HKSAR v Mok Cho Tik. This judgment was handed down on 7 February 2001, a year after the change in the DPP’s practice of not obtaining a Government Chemist’s certificate specifying the quantity of narcotic in seizures below one gramme.”

16.上訴法庭繼而分析上述後果與Mok Cho Tik 案中就管有危險藥物量刑的三步程序並不相符,認為當法庭在量刑時無法獲得就評估該毒品是否有傳播到他人的潛在風險的重要資訊下:

“71. …the prosecution deprives the court of the information it needs to apply Mok Cho Tik, the prosecution has, in effect, created the situation where such cases are removed from the Mok Cho Tik guideline. Mok Cho Tik can only be applied to such cases if the prosecution places before the sentencing judicial officer material that will enable him to find, by direct evidence or inference, that the quantity of narcotic in the dangerous drug was sufficient for use.

72. In our view, in the absence of the judicial officer being able to make such a finding, the offender would have to be sentenced on the basis that he possessed the particularized quantity of a dangerous drug but that the quantity of narcotic was “insufficient to be measured or used”. In this situation the court would have to look to any circumstances surrounding the commission of the offence in order to assess the culpability of the offender.

73. The only guidance this court can give in respect of sentencing an offender at this low end of the culpability range is to make the obvious point that the lower the level of culpability the less harsh the sentence will be. Clearly, a less harsh sentence would be a very short custodial sentence or, more likely, a non-custodial sentence. The sentence would have a much greater focus on rehabilitation than punishment. By a very short custodial sentence we have in mind one that is measure more in days to weeks than months and which exposes the offender to the effect of “the clang of the prison gates” without inhibiting his ultimate rehabilitation.”

17.本庭要順帶一提的是,如果以原審法官誤以為的0.8 克的固體氯胺酮,再按照許守城案販運氯胺酮的量刑指引,以數學上的計算,量刑基準約為19.2 個月,亦只稍微比原審法官的18 個月高了一個多月, 足見原審法官在量刑犯上原則性錯誤。本庭認為就本案的控罪二的18 個月的量刑基準過高,6 星期已足夠,上訴人承認控罪,刑期應扣減三份一至四星期。及和控罪一的刑期分期執行。

18.因此,本庭裁定上訴人上訴得直,第二項控罪的12 個月刑期減至四星期,和第一項控罪的25 個月分期執行。總刑期由31 個月減至26 個月。

(潘敏琦)
高等法院上訴法庭法官
(邱智立)
高等法院原訟法庭法官

答辯人:由律政司高級檢控官黃俊賢代表香港特別行政區

上訴人:由法律援助署轉聘張秀群大律師代表



[1] [2022] HKCA 174

[2] 判刑理由書第17和27段

[3] [2019] 4 HKLRD 323

[4] [2001]1 HKC 261

[5] [2008] 3 HKC 323

Other Judgments in This Case

Further hearings and rulings under CACC 158/2021