The Incorporated Owners of Kam Tao, Ngan Tao and Hoi Tao Buildings 對 Fair Charter Investments Ltd及另三十四人

Read the full judgment text of LDBM 291/2019 on BabelCite. This Lands Tribunal judgment was delivered on 2 May 2023.

2. 涉案屋苑位於北角威非路道,由三座大廈 —— 金都洋樓、銀都洋樓、海都洋樓 ( 「該大廈」 ) 組成。該大廈的地下至6樓是通用公共樓層,地下為屋苑進出口及商舖,2至6樓為停車場。每座大廈7樓至頂樓為住宅單位。

Cited by 4 cases · Cites 20 cases

Case No.LDBM 291/2019[2007] 2 HKLRD 373
Court
Lands Tribunal
Date02 May 2023
Judge
Case Document
100%Judiciary

LDBM 291/2019

[2023] HKLdT 32

香港特別行政區

土地審裁處

建築物管理申請編號2019年第291宗

_________________

THE INCORPORATED OWNERS OF KAM TAO, NGAN TAO AND HOI TAO BUILDINGS 申請人
FAIR CHARTER INVESTMENTS LIMITED 第一答辯人
CHEUNG WING MAN 第二答辯人
MILLION BUSINESS LIMTED 第三答辯人
(已中止)
TIN FULL INVESTMENTS GROUP LIMITED 第四答辯人
BILLION JOINTER LIMTED 第五答辯人
(已中止)
FORTUNE SAILS LIMITED 第六答辯人
(已中止)
YUNG LAN PROPERTY CO. LIMITED 第七答辯人
CHIM YIU CHEUNG 第八答辯人
(已中止)
FAN SHU SUM 第九答辯人
LAM WAI MING 第十答辯人
SO KAM KWONG and SZE MEE YUNG
(joint tenants)
第十一答辯人
CHONG SOOK CHUN 第十二答辯人
YIP KWOK YUEN and WONG WAH YING
(joint tenants)
第十三答辯人
(已中止)
WAN FUN FUN KANDY 第十四答辯人
NG YUET WAH and WONG YOCK CHING
(joint tenants)
第十五答辯人
(已中止)
WONG KING FAI 第十六答辯人
WONG KING SIN 第十七答辯人
SUNLIGHT CAR STEREO COMPANY LIMITED 第十八答辯人
CHEUNG LUI CHU and HUI CHEUNG PING
(joint tenants)
第十九答辯人
DURAPROGRESS LIMITED 第二十答辯人
NG YAT HUNG 第二十一答辯人
TSUI TZE CHUN 第二十二答辯人
WONG YUK LIN 第二十三答辯人
FUNG EVELYN SIN CHING 第二十四答辯人
FUNG HO HIN 第二十五答辯人
SO KWONG CHUEN 第二十六答辯人
NGAO SHAK PING 第二十七答辯人
CHOW TAT HUNG 第二十八答辯人
CHOW JOHN TAT NIN 第二十九答辯人
CHOW GARY MAN-LUNG 第三十答辯人
CHOW TAT SING 第三十一答辯人
KING FORWARD LIMITED 第三十二答辯人
LEUNG KI CHUEN 第三十三答辯人
TAM CHI KWONG 第三十四答辯人
TAM LAI FONG 第三十五答辯人
LEUNG TAT WING and LEUNG KAM HAY
(joint tenants)
第三十六答辯人
LAM LAW SAAP 第三十七答辯人
LI YAM CHEUNG 第三十八答辯人
SINO LEGEND ASIA LIMITED 第三十九答辯人
CHI WAI PUBLISHING COMPANY LIMITED 第四十答辯人
LEUNG KI CHUEN and CHAN FUNG YEE
(joint tenants)
第四十一答辯人
WONG MANG KAM 第四十二答辯人
(已中止)
HO MAN FUNG and HO MAN CHEONG
(joint tenants)
第四十三答辯人
(已中止)
WONG YAN KEI 第四十四答辯人
(已中止)
LEE PANG FAI 第四十五答辯人
(已中止)

_________________

主審法官: 土地審裁處法官宋泳琛
審訊日期: 2022年1月26日
判案書日期: 2023年5月2日

_________________

判 案 書

_________________


背景

1.此案涉及維修費攤分的爭議。

2.涉案屋苑位於北角威非路道,由三座大廈 —— 金都洋樓、銀都洋樓、海都洋樓 (「該大廈」) 組成。該大廈的地下至6樓是通用公共樓層,地下為屋苑進出口及商舖,2至6樓為停車場。每座大廈7樓至頂樓為住宅單位。

3.申請人為該大廈的業主立案法團,而各答辯人為該大廈的業主[1]。該大廈於1973年12月29日訂立公契[2]

4.於2015年9月20日,該大廈在業主大會中議決進行大維修[3]。在2018年7月21日的特別業主大會中,業主議決委聘信豪集團工程有限公司為總承辦商[4],並議決撥備工程價的5%作為工程備用金[5]

5.維修合約於2019年1月11日訂立。大維修涵蓋多項工程,範圍包括該大廈的大部份公用地方 (除了電梯) [6]。維修費合共63,631,807元,連同5%備用金,總開支為66,820,320元[7]

6.就著各業主應如何攤分大維修開支,在2018年6月15日的法團常務會議中,管理委員會通過以管理費份數 (即該大廈公契附表1第4欄) 作計算基礎[8] (「15/6管理委員會決議」) 。但後來在2018年10月27日的業主大會中,業主議決改以不可分割業權份數 (即該大廈公契附表1第3欄) 作計算基礎[9] (「27/10業主大會決議」) ,按此比例計算該大廈每名業主須繳付的款額[10]

7.自2018年11月至2019年6月,申請人按照27/10業主大會決議,向該大廈各業主發出通知及集資付款通知書[11]。因各答辯人未有按照通知單付款[12],申請人於2019年12月17日展開此訴訟。

8.基於上述的案情,申請人要求[13]

(a) 各答辯人繳付集資付款通知書上的金額;

(b) 審裁處作出聲明,該大廈各業主須按不可分割業權份數比例的計算方式[14]繳付款項以作大維修開支;

(c) 審裁處作出聲明,按照該大廈公契第14條,各答辯人須在申請人和/或公契經理人作出要求時,支付他們各自就攤分大維修開支所須繳付的款額;而就未繳付的款額,針對相關答辯人所擁有的不可分割業權設立押記;及

(d) 利息及訟費。

9.在審前覆核聆訊中,申請人修訂其申請通知書,加入一項交替的繳款比例 —— 以地下商舖及7樓至頂樓住宅單位數目作基礎 (單位不包括2至6樓車位、2至6樓停車場公共通道、及公契平面圖指定的地下至6樓其他範圍) [15]

10.而基於此基礎,申請人的交替案情為,在扣除大維修內有關2至6樓停車場公用通道的維修費後,剩餘的大維修開支均以上述的單位數目平均攤分[16]

11.除第七答辯人外[17],其餘參與訴訟的答辯人為第一、第四、第九至十二、第十四、第十六至十八及第二十至四十一答辯人(簡稱「第七答辯人以外的各答辯人」)。他們的案情為,該大廈公契規定大維修開支以公契附表1第4欄所列的管理費作為繳款比例 (簡稱「管理費份數」) 。故此,27/10業主大會決議違反了該大廈公契,按照第13(j)(iii) 條,該被視為無效[18]

12.第七答辯人以外的各答辯人反申索,要求審裁處作出聲明[19]

(a) 27/10業主大會決議違反該大廈公契,因而無效;

(b) 申請人根據不可分割業權份數作為比例計算各業主應就大維修開支而繳付的款額,違反該大廈公契;及

(c) 各業主須按該大廈公契附表1第4欄的管理費份數比例攤分大維修開支。

13.第七答辯人以外的各答辯人亦在其《經修訂的反對通知書及反申索》中反對申請人提出的交替攤分比例[20]

14.第七答辯人在其《反對通知書》中並無提及她的立場是以不可分割業權份數、管理費份數、抑或以其他比例去攤分大維修開支[21]

15.至於案中的第二及第十九答辯人,他們從來沒有存檔反對通知書,亦從來沒有參與訴訟。除了上述的答辯人外,其餘的答辯人已支付所欠款項。申請人針對該些答辯人的申索亦已中止。

爭議點

16.經訴訟各方同意及簽署的爭議點為(英文):

“(議題1)

In respect of the contributions to be made by each owner of Kam Tao, Ngan Tao and Hoi Tao Buildings to the cost of the Works, pursuant to the DMC in particular clauses 4(f)(I)(iv), 4(h), and 4(i) thereof and the implied term under paragraph 4 of Schedule 7 the Building Management Ordinance (Cap. 344) and pursuant to sections 20, 21 and 22 of the same ordinance, whether its calculation is to be based:-

(a) in proportion to the undivided shares held by individual owner as set out in the Third Column of the First Schedule to the DMC (paragraph 14 and Annexes B and C of the Notice of Application);

(b) in proportion to the share of management expenses payable by each individual owner as set out in the Fourth Column of the First Schedule to the DMC (paragraph 20 of Notice of Opposition and Counterclaim of R1, R4, R8-12, R14, R16-18, R20-R41 and Annex D of Notice of Application); or

(c) on any other basis to be determined by the Court.

(議題2)

On resolution of issue 1, whether the Applicant or the Respondents are entitled to the reliefs claimed or counterclaimed respectively.”

17.就議題1(c) 申請人所依賴的就是上述第9和10段提及的交替比例,即以地下商舖及7樓至頂樓住宅單位數目為基礎平均攤分。

該公契的有關條文

18.該公契的有關條文為第4(f)、4(h)、4(i) 條以及該公契的附表一,該些條文現載於此判案書的附表A方便參考。

討論

6個原則及4個步驟

19.代表申請人的譚宗憲大律師指出,本案牽涉詮釋公契條文,適用的基本法理原則是很清晰的。在Mei Sun Building Tai Po[22],暫委法官朱珮瑩 (當時官階) 援引了不同案例典據闡明相關的基本法理原則。與本案有關的可歸納為以下幾項:—

(a) 一般詮釋合約條款的法理原則,同樣適用於詮釋公契條款,法庭需查明訂立文件各方的真正意向,而該意向是該文件所傳達給一名知悉所有訂立該文件時的事實背景及合理讀者的客觀意向,或查找此合理讀者認為最合乎商業原則的意向 (the most commercial sense);

(b) 詮釋公契時,必須將公契作為一個整體來詮釋,而整體情況包括整份公契的條款、事實及法理背景、以及公契意圖達致的目的;

(c) 公契旨在促進大廈管理、減少業主間的紛爭。所以,公契的詮釋須以目的為本及按照常理 (purposive approach and common sense) ;及

(d) 如果參照相關的整體情況,條款用字的一般涵義是合理的,法庭將採納該意思;除非經分析整體情況後發現相關條款用字的一般涵義在商業上並不合理,則代表用語不慎及未能反映合約方的客觀意思。

20.譚大律師指出,從過往有關業主就大廈開支的繳款責任的案例中可見,法庭採用一套系統以詮釋有關如何攤分和繳付大廈開支的公契條文。在該些案例中,此等條款又被稱為「繳付條款」或「繳款比例」 (charging provision or apportionment provision) 。此系統包含了6個原則4個步驟。該6個原則為:—

原則1: 按照《建築物管理條例》(下稱《條例》)第20(1)及(2) 條而設立並維持的基金,不論是「常設基金」或是「備用基金」,《條例》 第21條只是容許法團管理委員會釐定各業主總共須向基金繳付的一個總計款額。在每名業主各自應繳付 (攤分) 的金額,須根據《條例》第22條釐定。[23]
原則2: 在《條例》第22條的規定下:—
(i) 第22(1)(a) 條訂明,繳款金額由管理委員會按照公契確定;
(ii) 若然公契存在適用相關大廈開支的繳付條款,而條款訂明比例由管理委員會決定,則管理委員會可自行決定;[24]
(iii) 如無公契,或公契並無確定繳款 (fixing of contributions) 的規定,則遵照第22(2) 條,由法團管理委員會按照業主各自所佔的「份數」確定;[25] [26] [27] [28] [29]
(iv) 上述「份數」是指每名業主的不可分割業權份數;[30] [31] [32]
(v) 不論是法團管理委員會或是業主大會,均受公契的繳付條款及《條例》約束,無權自行決定另一繳款比例。[33]
原則3: 條例》附件7第4條的公契強制性條款指定的特別基金:— [34] [35]
(i) 設立基金及向業主收取款項的目的,是為了應付一些非每年預計須承付的開支 (meet expenditure not expected to recur every year),而不是為了支付一次性指定工程項目的開支 (meet expenses of specified items of works) 。換言之,若法團為了支付指定工程項目而要求各業主繳款,第4條強制性條款並不適用;
(ii) 無論如何,第4(2)條強制性條款亦沒有賦予法團任何權力釐定每位業主各自所須繳付的金額 (或繳付比例),而只能就總計款額作出決定。決定每位業主各自所須繳付的金額,仍是要根據公契而行 (即原則2)。
原則4: 如就大廈某項開支,公契設有適用的「繳付條款」,那麼繳款比例就只是詮釋該條款的議題。但是,在詮釋相關條款的過程中,若然法庭要接納條款用字的意思是指一個並非以不可分割業權分數作攤分的比例,該條文用字必須十分清楚表達這意思。但不同開支設有不同用字的繳付條款,就已足夠分辨相關條款的客觀意思。[36] [37] [38]
原則5: 公契條款訂明業主須每月以記賬形式 (on account) 支付一筆相同金額的款項,以作大廈開支用途 (亦即管理費) ,該等條文本身只是為便利而訂下規定法團如何收費 (payment mechanism) ,為免法團要每一次準確列明不同業主根據公契所應付的不同金額。管理費是以預繳方式支付,並由法團以信託形式持有。該條文本身並不是「繳付條款」。[39] [40] [41] [42]
(下稱「記賬管理費條款」)
原則6: 公契訂明若然總共收取的管理費不足以應付大廈的某項或某類開支,各業主須要“…make further contributions towards such expenses in the proportion/share as above provided / provided in paragraph …” ,這種「加繳條款」的意思及效力,在乎繳付條款加繳條款的用字,而後者從屬前者。案例顯示有以下幾種情況:—
(i) 若繳付條款清晰訂明業主攤分大廈某類開支的特定 (非管理費份數) 繳款比例,該比例必然是規管性的。那麼:
(a) 就算加繳條款訂明引用管理費份數,意思也只是記賬加繳的款額,不代表業主所應繳付的最終款額;[43]
(b) 就算加繳條款是引用性的,例如 “in the proportion/share as above provided” ,那同樣是引用管理費份數比例,意思亦只是記賬加繳的款額,不代表業主所應繳付的最終款額;[44]
(c) 但若繳付條款標明受限於管理費記賬條款,在乎公契字句,則可能出現管理費比例作為繳款及加繳比例;[45]
(ii) 若該繳付條款也是同樣訂明或引用管理費份數比例作為繳款比例,則管理費比例為繳款比例,加繳條款也按其意思而詮釋;[46]
(iii) 但若然繳付條款本來所訂的比例已經是引用性的,即 “in the proportion as hereinafter provided” 或 “in accordance with the provisions of this deed / this presents”,則法庭須要先查找所引用的比例是哪一條條款的比例,而—
(a) 若然公契只存在一種概括性的繳付條款,如 “save and except as herein provided all monies payable by the owners…shall be in the proportion to the respective shares in the said land for the time being vested in them.” ,這種繳款比例其實反映了《條例》第22(2) 條,在沒有其他特定繳款比例之下的最後憑藉 (last resort);[47][48]
(b) 就著某類開支,若公契內除了記賬管理費條款、上述概括性的繳付/攤分條款外 (如有) ,就再沒有任何其他規定繳款比例的話 (包括加繳條款也沒有清楚訂明一種比例、或同樣是使用引用性字句),那麼唯一可以引用的繳付比例,就只有管理費份數。[49][50][51][52][53][54][55]
(iv) 若存在繳付條款,但條款沒有訂明 (silent) 比例,例如 “shall be borne and paid by the owners for the time being…/ shall be liable for and shall pay to the manager on demand…”,若然加繳條款同樣是 “as above provided” 或甚至同樣是沒有訂明比例的,那麼繳款比例就須按照《條例》第22(2) 條決定,亦即業權份數。而管理費條款也只是記賬款額的條款,不代表業主所應繳付的最終款額。[56] [57]

21.譚大律師從案例中歸納出尋找業主的繳款比例的4個步驟如下:

步驟1: 尋找公契是否有適用於涉案的開支的繳付條款 (charging provision) ,這是詮釋條款用字是否涵蓋有關開支;
步驟2: 如繳付條款適用,則詮釋該條款意思,查明條款有否訂明針對該項開支的一種特定繳款比例 (業權份數、管理費份數、單位數目、或某些特定業主等等) 或釐定比例的程序。按照《條例》第22(1)(a) 條,法團 (及所有業主) 必須遵照該比例/程序而行;
步驟3: 如果該繳付條款規定,繳款比例交由管理委員會/業主大會決定,則法團必須遵照此程序讓管理委員會/業主開會決議通過繳款比例。同樣,而按照《條例》第22(1)(a) 條,法團 (及所有業主) 必須遵照該決議比例而行;
步驟4: 如果針對某項大廈開支,公契不存在繳付條款[58] (步驟1),又或該繳付條款只規定繳付責任,但並無訂定比例[59] (步驟2) ,又或該繳付條款並無規定如何決定比例的程序 (步驟3) ,那麼繳款比例就必需按照《條例》第22(2) 條釐定,亦即以每名業主的不可分割業權份數作攤分。

22.譚大律師依循了步驟1、步驟2和步驟4以尋找此案業主適用的繳款比例。

步驟1:尋找該大廈公契內適用於涉案開支的繳付條款

23.首先,沒有爭議的是涉案的大維修涉及的所有工程開支[60],均屬於該大廈公契第4(f)(I)(iv) 條涵蓋的開支範圍之內[61]

“(iv) The cost of repairing, renewing, maintaining, cleansing, painting or decorating the buildings or any part or parts thereof and all water pumps, tanks, pipes, sewers, drains, watercourses, cables, wired, transformer rooms, meter rooms and machine rooms or services therein and all the apparatus equipment and conveniences thereof.” [62]

24.由於是次大維修不涉及電梯工程,所以該大廈公契第4(f)(II) 條並不適用[63],但該條款用字將有助詮釋第4(f)(I)(iv)條的意思。

25.譚大律師陳詞指,該大廈公契第4(f)(I) 條明顯是一項繳付條款 (charging provision) ,訂明各業主有責任為該大廈的開支 (包括上述第(iv)分段所涵蓋的開支) 按照比例繳款:

“The following costs, charges and expenses shall be borne and paid by the owners of the said buildings in proportion to the number of units in the said premises for the time being owned by them namely…”

26.相反,該大廈公契第4(h) 條,顯然是一項記賬管理費條款,各業主須按該大廈公契附表1第4欄所列的管理費向法團預繳金額。按照原則5,這項條款並不是繳付條款:

“Each owner shall pay to the Manager on account of his share of the said costs charges and expenses the sum set out in the Fourth Column of the said First Schedule hereto per calendar month for each such unit for the time being owned by him payable monthly in advance

27.而該大廈公契第4(i) 條正正就是加繳條款。這項條款只是採用了引用性的比例 (即原則6):

“If the total contributions payable to the Manager by the owners of the said buildings as aforesaid shall be insufficient to cover all or any of the said costs, charges expenses then such owners shall make further contributions towards such expenses in the shares as above provided

步驟2:詮釋該大廈公契第4(f)(I)(iv) 條之繳付條款 // 步驟4:如繳付條款沒有訂明繳付比例

28.譚大律師認為,如果第4(f)(I)(iv) 條這段字句 “in proportion to the number of units in the said premises for the time being owned by them” 的意思,載有一種特定的繳款比例,按照原則6(i)(b)步驟2,這就是各業主應繳款的比例。公契第4(h) 條記賬管理費條款及第4(i) 條加繳條款,均流於作為記賬款額的條款。

29.如果這段字句的意思是沒有訂明一種繳款比例,則按照原則6(iv)步驟4,那麽繳款比例必需按照《條例》第22(2) 條釐定,亦即以各業主的業權份數為繳款比例 — 亦即27/10業主大會決議中業主通過的比例。公契第4(h) 條及第4(i) 條仍然流於作為記賬款額的條款。

30.但若然這段字句的意思是規定以管理費份數作繳款比例,那麼按照原則6(ii),繳款比例、加繳比例就同樣是以管理費份數作計算繳款。

31.譚大律師進而比較了若干案例,以理解第4(f)(I)(iv) 條的繳付條款用字 “in proportion to the number of units in the said premises for the time being owned by them” 的意思。

32.Yee On Court一案,該案的繳付條款、管理費條款及加繳條款[64] 與此案的公契條款近乎一模一樣:

(a) 繳付條款第4(d)(iv) 條:“(d) The following costs charges and expenses shall be borne and paid by the owners of the said building in proportion to the number of unit or units in the said premises for the time being owned by them, namely…

(iv) the cost of repairing, renewing, maintaining, cleansing, painting, or decorating the building or any part or parts thereof and all water pumps, tanks, pipes, sewers, drains, watercourses, cable, wires or services therein and all the apparatus equipment and conveniences thereof.”

(b) 記賬管理費款額條款第4(f) 條:“Each owner shall pay to the Manager on account of his share of the said costs charges and expenses per Calendar month…payable in advance the following sums…”

(c) 加繳條款第4(g) 條:“If the total contribution payable to the Manager by the owners of the said building as aforesaid shall be insufficient to cover all or any of the said costs charges and expenses then such owners shall make further contributions towards such expenses in the shares as above provided

33.原審審裁官裁定第4(d) 條並不規管當年大廈的維修費,所以維修費用應按《條例》第22(2) 條以業權份數攤分。但上訴庭不同意,認為第4(d)(iv) 條是適用的繳付條款,命令將案件發還重審,重審須處理的議題包括詮釋第4(d)(iv) 的繳付比例[65]。上訴庭的判詞中:

(a) Mayo VP指出 “the expenses…will have to be apportioned amongst the owners in the manner contemplated by the clause[66] 。 換句說,Mayo VP認為繳付條款第4(d) 條所寫的 “in proportion to the number of unit or units in the said premises for the time being owned by them…”是指明一種特定繳款比例;

(b) Keith JA 更詮譯了這段字句的意思:“…That means, for example, that someone who owns two flats in the building has to pay twice as much as someone who owns only one flat in the building”(後加強調) 。

34.按照Keith JA的說法,“in proportion to the number of unit or units” 就是以單位數目來平分。

35.在其後的曉光閣與曉明閣 一案,暫委法官葛倩兒 (當時官階) 詮釋了又是近乎一模一樣的繳付條款、管理費條款及加繳條款 [67]

(a) 繳付條款第4(f)(iv) 條:“(f) The following costs charges and expenses shall be borne and paid by the owners of the said building in proportion to the number of unit or units in the said premises for the time being owned by them, namely…

(iv) the cost of repairing, renewing, maintaining, cleansing, painting or decorating the building or any part or parts thereof and…

(b) 記賬管理費款額條款第4(h) 條:“Each owner shall pay to the Manager on account of his share of the said costs charges and expenses per calendar month…payable monthly in advance the sum of…

(c) 加繳條款第4(i) 條:“If the total contribution payable to the Manager by the owners of the said building as aforesaid shall be insufficient to cover all or any of the said costs charges and expenses then such owners shall make further contributions towards such expenses in the shares as above provided

36.暫委法官葛倩兒 (當時官階) 認為:—

(a) 第4(h) 及4(i) 條只是反映記賬收費的形式而不是繳付條款[68] ;及

(b) 繳付條款 “in proportion to the number of unit or units in the said premises for the time being owned by them” 的意思是,該案涉及的維修費由須要支付管理費的單位 (即按照第4(h) 條規定的商舖、酒樓及住宅) 的業主同共承擔[69]

37.Yee Tiam Building,土地審裁處得出了不同結論,但譚大律師同時亦指出,該案涉及的相關條款,與Yee On Court曉光閣與曉明閣及本案公契的繳付條款、記賬管理費條款及加繳條款比較,用字甚為不同。在Yee Tiam Building中:

(a) 繳付條款附表3第 (b) 條: “(b) Each of the owners of the shops and flats in the said building in respect of such shop or flat owned by him pay his due proportion or share of the contributions as hereinafter mentioned in advance on or before the First day of each and every month to the Manager towards the costs of the following (“the Management Expenses”)…

(vi) Legal or other fees and expenses which may be incurred by the Manager in performance of his duties or in the exercise of any of his powers contained in this deed.”;

(b) 管理費款額條款附表3第 (c) 條: “(c) The amount of monthly contribution for the time being payable by each owner in respect of his shop/flat shall be as follows (to be referred to as “the Management Shares” hereinafter)…

(c) 加繳條款附表3第 (g) 條:“(g) If the total contributions towards any of the expenses aforesaid shall be insufficient to cover the same then those owners liable to contribute towards such expenses as aforesaid shall make further contributions towards such expenses in proportion to the number of shops/flats owned by them who are liable to such contributions.

38.從上述可見,Yee Tiam Building的關鍵不同之處,在於:

(a) 該案公契附表3第 (b) 條繳付條款的用字,是不分辨管理費支付比例及大廈開支實際繳付比例,因為該案公契內並無其他條款訂明第 (b)(vi) 分段的開支如何攤分,所以附表3第 (b) 條所引用的比例,就只能是第 (c) 條的管理費份數比例[70];及

(b) 該案有另一條有關電梯更換/維修/保養開支的繳付條款 (雖然不適用於該案的維修) ,即附表3第 (d) 條,標明相關開支 “…shall be borne by the owners of the flats…in equal shares[71] ,寫法與第 (b) 條有異,必須區分意思。但這是Yee On Court曉光閣與曉明閣 均沒有的。

39.該案的爭議點集中在到底是以單位數目為比例或是按管理費份數為比例[72] 攤分大廈維修費用。暫委法官陳玲玲裁斷是[73] ,就著加繳條款而言,“…In the event Clause (g) is applied, any owner holding more than one unit, say two, would have to pay two shares according to their respective portions provided under Clause (c)” 。

40.換句說,她認為 “in proportion to the number of units” 的意思是以管理費份數為基礎比例,持有多一個單位就須繳付該額外單位按其管理費份數計算相應的攤分金額,而不是單純按單位數目平分。

41.回到本案涉及的第4(f)(I)(iv) 條繳付條款的用字 “in proportion to the number of units in the said premises for the time being owned by them” 的意思,先暫時不談 “units” 包含或不包含甚麼物業單位,“in proportion to the number of units” 這字句,與大廈公契第4(f)(II) 條寫法不同。第4(f)(II) 條就維修電梯費用所訂明的繳款比例是:

“…shall be borne and paid by the owners for the time being of the units on the Seventh to the Top Floors of the said buildings in proportion to the number of share or shares of [74] and in the said premises for the time being vested in them respectively.

42.所以,按照原則4,第4(f)(I)(iv) 條 “in proportion to the number of units” 的意思看來並不是 “in proportion to the number of [undivided] shares” 。

43.申請人陳詞,第4(f)(I)(iv) 條繳付條款所訂的繳付比例,只可能是以下三個結論的其中一個。

44.結論(一):第4(f)(I)(iv) 條的文字明確訂明以業權份數作繳付比例 [75] 。這是按照暫委法官陳玲玲在Yee Tiam Building的裁斷理由及邏輯而得出的結論。依從Yee Tiam Building的邏輯,該大廈公契第4(f)(I)(iv) 條 “in proportion to the number of units” 亦可理解為繳款比例以業權份數作基準。即,如一名業主持有多於一個單位,則他須要攤分的比例= x 總維修費。換言之,持有多於一個單位,是須要繳付額外的款額,但款額多少在乎額外單位的業權份數多少。根據陳玲玲暫委法官的邏輯,這個計算方法仍然是 “in proportion” 。

45.申請人接納,這結論 (一) 若套用在公契第6條便會引致不太合理的結果,即業主純粹因持有較多業權份數而須支付較多水費。而且,若果該些文字 (“in proportion to the number of units”) 是指以業權份數作基準,則不能解釋何以第4(f)(I)(iv) 條不直接倣傚第4(f)(II) 條,明確訂明以業權份數作比例 (見上文§41及原則4)。

46.結論(二) 是按照《條例》第22(2) 條規定,以不可分割業權份數作為繳款比例[76] ,理由是上文§44參照Yee Tiam Building的詮釋方法,與單純按照單位數目平分的詮釋方法 (即下文討論的結論(三)) ,兩者均是有可能的詮釋方法。故此,該大廈公契第4(f)(I)(iv) 條可被理解為未有明確訂明一種特定的繳款比例,按照原則2(iii)-(iv)原則6(iv)步驟4《條例》第22(2) 條適用,申請人須按各業主的不可分割業權份數作為繳款比例。

47.譚大律師陳詞,按照上述的結論 (一) 和/或 (二) ,“in proportion to the number of units” 中的 “units”必定是指公契附表1第2欄的單位,因為大維修開支是以不可分割業權份數 —— 即公契附表1第3欄 —— 作為繳款比例。

48.結論(三) 是按照單位數目平分[77] 。這是直接按照Yee On Court曉光閣與曉明閣 去裁定繳付條款內使用字句 “in proportion to the number of units” 的意思。

49.在結論 (三) 中,有需要詮釋大廈公契第4(f)(I)(iv) 條繳付條款中 “units” 的意思。譚大律師指出公契內提及 “units” 的其他條文:

(a) 序文提到該大廈包含[78]

“…Shops on the Ground Floor, Car Parking Spaces on the Second to the Sixth floors and Domestic Units from the Seventh to the Top Floors of the said buildings

(b) 這似乎呼應第4(f)(II) 條為有關電梯維修費的繳付條款。該項條款規定開支由以下業主繳付[79]

“…shall be borne and paid by the owners for the time being of the units on the Seventh to the Top Floors of the said buildings in proportion to the number of share or shares of and in the said premises for the time being vested in them respectively.”

(c) 但若然 units只是包含7樓至頂樓的住宅單位,第4(f)(II) 條其實無需如此清楚界定。反而,第4(f)(II) 條以此方式起草,理應代表units不只包括這些住宅單位。公契第4(n)(ii) 條亦支持此看法[80]

“The units on the Ground Floor of the said buildings shall be used for commercial purposes as specified in the Crown Lease of the said premises…”

(d) 而公契第1條訂明各業主享有的權力[81]

“…GRANTS…and assigns the full right and privilege to the exclusive use occupation and enjoyment of the rents and profits of that part of the said building and the said premises as set out in the Second Column of the First Schedule hereto…”

(e) 公契附表1第2欄,所用描述是 “The part or unit of the said buildings to be exclusively used, occupied and enjoyed by the owner…”,並且包含地下商舖、2至6樓車位、2至6樓停車場公共通道、公契平面圖指定的地下至6樓其他範圍[82],該大廈天台、及所有住宅單位[83]。而附表1第3欄 (列出不可分割業權份數) 的所用描述,則是“Shares of and in the said buildings and the said premises allocated to the units referred to in the Second Column” ;這樣看來,附表1第2至3欄所用的描述帶點模糊;

(f) 而公契第4(c) 條規定公契經理人的其中一項責任[84]

“(c) It shall be the duty of the Manager to manage and provide services in respect of the said buildings and in particular the Manager shall arrange for refuse disposal from each unit in the said buildings and from the common parts thereof…”

但地下商舖、樓上住宅、2至6樓車位、2至6樓停車場公共通道、公契平面圖指定的地下至6樓其他範圍、該大廈天台均也可以有廢物或垃圾處理;

(g) 相反,公契附表1第4欄列出根據第4(h) 條記賬管理費條款,各業主所須支付的管理費,只有地下商舖及所有住宅單位須要支付

(h) 而第4(g) 條是有關管理費按金,呼應第4(h) 條及附表1第4欄,只有地下商舖及所有住宅單位須要支付按金[85]

“Each owner shall deposit with the Manager as security against his liabilities under this Deed the sum of $200.00 being the amount of his share of the said costs charges and expenses hereinafter referred to in Clause 4(h) payable on account for each such unit for the time being owned by him.”

(i) 而最能協助辨別units的定義範圍,其中一條是公契第4(m)(iii) 條的但書:

“(m) No owner shall without the consent in writing of the Manager do or cause or permit to be done any of the following:-

(iii) Hang up clothing or laundry in the common areas within the said buildings or any part thereof PROVIDED ALWAYS that air-conditioners may be installed in the exterior walls or windows of any unit

(j) 按常理,只有地下商舖及住宅單位才有需要安裝冷氣機。2至6樓停車場公共通道、公契平面圖指定的地下至6樓其他範圍,以及該大廈天台一貫與冷氣機無關;

(k) 公契第4(p) 條及第6條[86] 規管安裝獨立水錶的條款,更用上以下字句:

“4…(p) if a separate government water meter is at any time installed for any unit then the cost of such meter and the installation thereof shall be paid by the owner of such unit

“6. If any one unit in the said buildings shall have its own separate government water meter then the water charges for the supply of water to such unit shall be paid by the owner thereof but if two or more units in the said buildings share the same government water meter then the water charges for the supply of water to such group of units shall be shared and paid by the owners thereof in proportion to the number of such units for the time being owned by such owners”

(l) 在Grand View Court一案,周兆熊法官詮釋該案公契內 units 的意思,決定是否包含車位。他引用了該案公契有關水錶的條款而作出以下結論,同樣適用詮釋本案 “units” 一字意思:

“第6條的條文顯示 “unit” 或 “units” 可以獲得水的供應和獲得獨立水錶的安裝,或與別的 “units” 共同擁有水錶的。這清楚顯示 “unit” 或 “units” 不會是停車位,因為停車位是與水的供應無關,亦沒有人會替停車位安裝水錶,祇有處所才需要水的供應,因而需要水錶的安裝,以作計算水費之用。停車位祇是讓私家車停泊的一個固定的地方而己,因此第4(f) 及4(g) 條是不適用於停車位的條文,而大廈公契亦沒有任何一條條款是有關向停車位的業主收取管理費的,所以答辯人對申請人收取停車位的管理費是沒有法律的根據的。” (後加強調)

50.所以,申請人按照整份公契詮釋 (true construction) ,在其交替申索中[87] ,第4(f)(I)(iv) 條 “in proportion to the number of units” 的 “units” 等同公契附表1第4欄所列的須要支付管理費的單位 —— 亦即只有地下商舖以及7樓至頂樓的住宅單位[88]

51.申請人亦順帶指出,第七答辯人以外的各答辯人在本案的主張,是以公契第4(h) 條記賬管理費條款及附表1第4欄的管理費份數作為繳款比例攤分該大廈。所以他們就 “units” 的定義,也必然是地下商舖以及7樓至頂樓的住宅單位[89]

52.本席大致上同意譚大律師從案例中歸納出的6個原則。譚大律師總結的6個原則及4個步驟有助於分析有關攤分費用的公契條文。然而,本席認為,結論 (一)並不是第4(f)(I)(iv) 條 “in proportion to the number of units in the said premises for the time being owned by them” 的正確詮釋。該些文字的自然意思是指業主須負擔的金額須與業主持有的單位數目成比例。

53.本席不同意Yee Tiam Building的詮釋方式,將該些文字理解為 —— 若業主持有多於一個單位,便須繳付所有單位按照其他方法計算所得的金額加起來的總和。這個詮釋方法事實上沒有給 “in proportion to the number of units” 這些字句賦予任何意義。再者,若“in proportion to the number of units” 僅代表所持有之單位的數目按其他方法計算出的金額之總和,那麽有其他較可取的用字或寫法可較清晰地表達這個意思(例如 “shall bear the costs and expenses… in proportion to the number of share or shares of and in the said premises for the time being vested in them” 。又例如 “shall bear the costs and expenses proportional to the number of undivided shares for each unit for the time being owned by them”)。故此,依從Yee Tiam Building的邏輯而得出的結論,並不合理。

54.本席亦不接納結論 (二) 。本席認為公契第4(f)(I)(iv) 條的繳付條款已經訂明繳款比例,即業主須負擔的金額須與其持有的單位數目成比例。既然如此,《條例》第22(2) 條並不適用。

55.至於第七答辯人以外的各答辯人所主張的依賴第4(h) 條以管理費份數作為繳款比例,本席認為公契第4(f)(I)(iv) 條繳付條款所訂的繳款/攤分比例,無論如何都不是第4(h) 條記賬管理費條款及公契附表1第4欄所指的管理費份數比例。這是原則5原則6(i)(a)-(b)原則6(iv)的結果,案例已確立這種記賬管理費條款(包括記賬加繳條款) 的意思,並不代表各業主所應繳付的最終款額[90] 。故此,依賴管理費份數作為繳款比例是錯誤的理解,並不符合該大廈公契第4(f)(I)(iv) 條的意思。

56.第七答辯人以外的各答辯人亦依賴的第4(i) 條 —— 此條文訂明遇有資金不足時額外徵費(即加繳條款)。不爭議的是申請人是次就大維修的集資行為是預早進行的,在事實層面上並不牽涉「額外徵費」的情況。而在法律原則上,黎大律師和劉大律師 (代表第七答辯人以外的各答辯人) 同意申請人無須在資金不足的情况下也有權向業主集資以履行公契第4(f) 條的權力和責任。故此,第七答辯人以外的各答辯人所依賴的第4(i) 條(加繳條款)並不適用。

57.本席認為結論 (三) ,即以地下商舖及7樓至頂樓住宅單位數目平分為攤分集資費的基礎是最合理的詮釋,理由在上文已經討論,不贅。

58.本席亦同意申請人的交替案情,即須要先從大維修中減去與該大廈2至6樓停車場公用通道的相關維修費,然後才以商舖及住宅單位數目平分餘下的大維修開支,得出各答辯人所須繳付的款額。扣減的原因,乃是基於該大廈公契第17條的但書,當中訂明該些維修費由車位業主繳付[91]

“… Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein contained, IT IS HEREBY FURTHER DECLARED THAT the Owners for the time being of the Car Parking Spaces on the Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Floors of the said buildings shall have full and uninterrupted right to the use of passage-way at the particular floor of the said Car Parking Space or Spaces of the said buildings PROVIDED that the Owner or Owners for the time being of the said Car Parking Space or Spaces shall bear the costs to the maintenance and repair of the said passage-way at that particular floor or floors of the said buildings which said passage-ways are shown and coloured Yellow on the Second to the Sixth Floors Plans annexed hereto.”

裁斷

59.基於以上的分析,審裁處認為集資費不應以業權份數作為繳付比例,裁定27/10業主大會決議因違反公契而無效。審裁處亦裁定結論 (三) (見上文第57及58段)為正確的攤分方法。

60.因申請人向各業主發出的集資付款通知書乃是按照27/10業主大會決議而擬備,其攤分方法並不正確。故此,本席認為申請人要求就未有付款的業主的不可分割業權設立押記並不適宜,不予以批准。

訟費

61.本席最終裁定申請人的主案情之計算方法(即以業權份數攤分)並不正確而其交替案情(即以單位數目平分)才是正確的攤分方法。

62.因申請人是於2021年10月27日才加入該交替案情,故此申請人須支付第七答辯人及第七答辯人以外的各答辯人在此訴訟直至2021年10月26日的訟費,若各方未能協定金額則交由法院按區域法院的基準評定。

63.因申請人的交替案情成功,申請人由2021年10月27日起(包括審訊)的訟費須由所有參與訴訟的答辯人(即第七、第一、第四、第九至十二、第十四、第十六至十八及第二十至四十一答辯人)平均負擔和支付,若各方未能協定金額則交由法院按區域法院的基準評定,連同申請人的大律師證書。

64.此乃暫准命令,若各方沒有在14天內申請變更,此暫准訟費命令將成為絕對命令。

65.本席多謝大律師的協助。

  ( 宋泳琛 )
  土地審裁處法官

申請人:

由盧偉強律師樓轉聘譚宗憲大律師代表應訊。

第一、第四、第九至十二、第十四、第十六至十八及第二十至四十一答辯人:

由盧王徐律師事務所轉聘黎珮玲大律師及劉薈姸大律師代表應訊。

第七答辯人:

無律師代表,由莊婉君女士代表應訊。

第二及第十九答辯人:

無律師代表,缺席。



附表A

Clause 4(f), 4(h), 4(i) and Schedule 1 of the DMC

4. Each owner shall be bound by and shall observe and perform the following covenants provisions and restrictions:-

4(f) (I) the following costs, charges and expenses shall be borne and paid by the owners of the said buildings in proportion to the number of units in the said premises for the time being owned by them namely:-

(i) Electricity, water and other similar charges for or in connection with the said buildings as a whole and not being in respect of the use of or consumption in any particular flat or other area enjoyed exclusively by one owner.

(ii) Remuneration for caretakers, watchmen, cleaners, attendants and the like.

(iii) The costs of refuse disposal.

(iv) The cost of repairing, renewing, maintaining, cleansing, painting or decorating the buildings or any part or parts thereof and all water pumps, tanks, pipes, sewers, drains, watercourses, cables, wires transformer rooms, meter rooms and machine rooms or services therein and all the apparatus equipment and conveniences thereof.

(v) The cost of operating and servicing the water pumps.

(vi) The charges payable to Government or to any individual or company for the supply of flush water.

(vii) The premia payable for the insurance of the buildings against Employers’ Lability and against Third Party Liability as aforesaid.

(viii) Such legal or other fees and costs which may be incurred by the Manager in the performance of any duty or in the exercises of any power hereunder.

(ix) The remuneration of the Manger shall be by way of commission and shall be charged at the rate of one percent upon the total expenditure incurred and upon all payments made for managing the said buildings.

(II) The costs and expenses of operating maintaining repairing servicing replacing and renewing the lifts in the said buildings shall be borne and paid by the owners for the time being of the units on the Seventh to the Top Floors of the said buildings in proportion to the number of share or shares of and in the said premises for the time being vested in them respectively.

4(h) Each owner shall pay to the Manager on account of his share of the said costs charges and expenses the sum set out in the Fourth Column of the said First Schedule hereto per calendar month for each such unit for the time being owned by him payable monthly in advance.

4(i) If the total contributions payable to the Manager by the owners of the said buildings as aforesaid shall be insufficient to cover all or any of the said costs, charges expenses then such owners shall make further contributions towards such expenses in the shares as above provided.





[1]   [A2/6/81-82]

[2]   [B/13/158]

[3]   [B/19/228/§4]

[4]   [B/25/251/§6]

[5]   [B/25/251/§7]

[6]   [B/35/288-291]

[7]   [A2/5/80]、[A2/8/98]

[8]   [B/22/237-238/§2.1.1]

[9]   [B/30/270-271/§5]

[10]   [B/5/67-80]

[11]   經修訂的同意時序表

[12]   [A1/1/17-18, 20/§§19,23] 、 [A1/2/44/§§22,26]

[13]   [A1/1/25-26]

[14]   [B/5/67-80] —— 《經修訂的申請通知書》的附表B

[15]   [A1/1/23/§26A(i)-(ii)]

[16]   [A1/1/24/§26A(iii)-(iv)] —— 每名業主需繳付的款項,見 [B/8/97-103]

[17]   [A1/3/56]

[18]   [A1/2/42/§§17(e), 17(g), 17(h), 20]

[19]   [A1/2/47]

[20]   [A1/2/45-46/§29A]

[21]   [A1/3/56]

[22]   Add-field Investment Ltd and Others v The Incorporated Owners of Mei Sun Building of Tai Po, Unreported, HCA 507/2011, dated 12 December 2013, §§92-100

[23]   The Incorporated Owners of Man Ying Building v Lai Ming Fung, Unreported, LDBM 342/1999, dated 27 February 2001, pp8-9

[24]   郭錦燊 v 澤安閣業主立案法團浩鴻發展有限公司及另一人, Unreported, LDBM 357/2011, dated 10 August 2012, §§57-59

[25]   The Incorporated Owners of Kelly House v Law Han Ying, Unreported, LDBM 224/2008, dated 6 May 2009, §§27-28

[26]   Nominshare Ltd v The Incorporated Owners of Kwong Fung Terrace, Unreported, LDBM 191/2011, dated 28 January 2014, §44

[27]   The Incorporated Owners of Man Ying Building v Lai Ming Fung, Unreported, LDBM 342/1999, dated 27 February 2001, pp8-9

[28]   Add-field Investment Ltd and Others v The Incorporated Owners of Mei Sun Building of Tai Po, Unreported, HCA 507/2011, dated 12 December 2013, §156

[29]   南生大廈業主立案法團 訴 葉小燕及另一人, Unreported, LDBM 152/2001, dated 9 July 2001, §§7(2), 8-9

[30]   香港法例第344章《建築物管理條例》第2及39條

[31]   南生大廈業主立案法團 訴 葉小燕及另一人, Unreported, LDBM 152/2001, dated 9 July 2001, §18

[32]   Add-field Investment Ltd and Others v The Incorporated Owners of Mei Sun Building of Tai Po, Unreported, HCA 507/2011, dated 12 December 2013, §158

[33]   東京街恆順大廈業主立案法團 (The Incorporated Owners of Hang Sun Building, Tonkin Street) 訴 李子明 (Lee Chi Ming), Unreported, CACV 321/2003, dated 3 September 2004, §§41-42

[34]   Nominshare Ltd v The Incorporated Owners of Kwong Fung Terrace, Unreported, LDBM 191/2011, dated 28 January 2014, §§46-50

[35]   Nominshare Ltd v The Incorporated Owners of Kwong Fung Terrace, Unreported, HCMP 967/2014, dated 19 June 2014, §5

[36]   南生大廈業主立案法團 訴 葉小燕及另一人, Unreported, LDBM 152/2001, dated 9 July 2001, §26

[37]   Sam Woo Marine Works Ltd v The Incorporated Owners of Po Hang Building, [2010] 1 HKLRD 92 (with Corrigendum), §10

[38]   郭錦燊 v 澤安閣業主立案法團浩鴻發展有限公司及另一人, Unreported, LDBM 357/2011, dated 10 August 2012, §53

[39]   東京街恆順大廈業主立案法團 (The Incorporated Owners of Hang Sun Building, Tonkin Street) 訴 李子明 (Lee Chi Ming), Unreported, CACV 321/2003, dated 3 September 2004, §§51, 53 & 68

[40]   Sam Woo Marine Works Ltd v The Incorporated Owners of Po Hang Building, [2010] 1 HKLRD 92 (with Corrigendum), §8

[41]   昌禧大厦業主立案法團 對 金翔企業有限公司, Unreported, LDBM 122/2012, dated 6 February 2013, §13(1)-(3), 17-21

[42]   豪華閣業主立案法團 對 莊銳, Unreported, LDBM 281/2015, dated 18 February 2016, §14

[43]   東京街恆順大廈業主立案法團 (The Incorporated Owners of Hang Sun Building, Tonkin Street) 訴 李子明 (Lee Chi Ming), Unreported, CACV 321/2003, dated 3 September 2004, §§30-31, §§47-54

[44]   The Incorporated Owners of Yee On Court v Li Zee Sing Hai, Unreported, CACV 181/2000, dated 14 November 2000, p11 (per Keith JA)

[45]   豪華閣業主立案法團 對 莊銳, Unreported, LDBM 281/2015, dated 18 February 2016, §§3, 20

[46]   Wong Chun Nam & Others v The Incorporated Owners of Yee Tiam Building, Unreported, LDBM 49/2014, dated 26 June 2015, §17

[47]   Sam Woo Marine Works Ltd v The Incorporated Owners of Po Hang Building, [2010] 1 HKLRD 92 (with Corrigendum), §§8-11

[48]   郭錦燊 v 澤安閣業主立案法團浩鴻發展有限公司及另一人, Unreported, LDBM 357/2011, dated 10 August 2012, §§21, 49

[49]   The Incorporated Owners of Galaxy Factory Building v Hui Yerk Chow and Others, Unreported, LDBM 116/2004, dated 9 July 2004, §16

[50]   金冠發展有限公司及另五人 訴 建邦大廈業主立案法團, Unreported, LDBM 119/2006, dated 22 December 2006, §§14-18

[51]   Sam Woo Marine Works Ltd v The Incorporated Owners of Po Hang Building, [2010] 1 HKLRD 92 (with Corrigendum), §9

[52]   郭錦燊 v 澤安閣業主立案法團浩鴻發展有限公司及另一人, Unreported, LDBM 357/2011, dated 10 August 2012, §47-48, 50-51

[53]   Add-field Investment Ltd and Others v The Incorporated Owners of Mei Sun Building of Tai Po, Unreported, HCA 507/2011, dated 12 December 2013, §§72, 174-176

[54]   The Incorporated Owners of Hertford Mansion (Un Chau Street) v Wong Shing Kwan, Unreported, DCMP 2924/2016, dated 5 June 2017, §19

[55]   鄧應峰 對 福群大廈業主立案法團 , Unreported, LDBM 88/2019, dated 15 April 2020, §§21-30, 38-39

[56]   The Incorporated Owners of Kelly House v Law Han Ying, Unreported, LDBM 224/2008, dated 6 May 2009, §§24-28, 34

[57]   順豐大廈(嘉禾街)業主立案法團 對 香港仔街坊福利會有限公司, Unreported, LDBM 16/2012, dated 30 November 2012, §§33, 53-54

[58]   The Incorporated Owners of Man Ying Building v Lai Ming Fung, Unreported, LDBM 342/1999, dated 27 February 2001, pp5, 9; The Incorporated Owners of Tai Fung House Lion Rock Road 訴 蔡英華及另三十五人, Unreported, LDBM 79/2008, dated 19 November 2008, §13; The Incorporated Owners of Kam Nam Fung Factory Building v Chewy International Foods Ltd, Unreported, LDBM 67/2018, dated 20 December 2019, §§29-31, 41

[59]   The Incorporated Owners of Kam Nam Fung Factory Building v Chewy International Foods Ltd, Unreported, LDBM 67/2018, dated 20 December 2019, §§31 & 41; 順豐大廈(嘉禾街)業主立案法團 對 香港仔街坊福利會有限公司, Unreported, LDBM 16/2012, dated 30 November 2012, §54

[60]   [B/35/288-291]

[61]   [B/13/163] [A1/1/9/§7] [A1/2/40/§17]

[62]   本開案陳詞引用的各項公契條款,不論是案例裏相關大廈公契的,還是本案該大廈公契的,除非另有註明,否則粗體字均是後加強調

[63]   [B/13/164], [A1/1/24/§26A(iii)(a)], [A1/2/45/§29A(c)]

[64]   pp3-4

[65]   pp7-8, 12-13

[66]   p9

[67]   §34

[68]   §45

[69]   §§46-50

[70]   §17

[71]   §4

[72]   §§2-3

[73]   §17

[74]   上述的 “share or shares of and…vested in the said premises” 的意思,申請人的陳詞是必然是指不可分割業權份數

[75]   [A1/1/16/§§14-15; A/4/60/§7]

[76]   [A1/4/59/§5; 60/§7]

[77]   [A1/1/23/§26A(i)-(ii)]

[78]   [B/13/158]

[79]   [B/13/164]

[80]   [B/13/167-168]

[81]   [B/13/158-159]

[82]   見 [B/13/192] “All Those portions on the Ground, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Floors of the said Buildings as are shown and coloured Pink on the ground to the Sixth Floor Plans annexed hereto” 及公契內地下至6樓的平面圖 [B/13/195-200]

[83]   [B/1/180-192]

[84]   [B/13/162]

[85]   [B/13/164]

[86]   [B/13/168, 171]

[87]   即以單位數目平分作基礎:上述結論 (三)

[88]   [A1/1/23/§26A(ii)]

[89]   [A1/2/47/§34(c)]

[90]   [A1/2/42/§17(e)]

[91]   [A1/1/25-26/§26A(iii)(b)], [B/13/178]