香港特別行政區 訴 C.Y.S.及另一人

Read the full judgment text of DCCC 129/2023 on BabelCite. This District Court judgment was delivered on 6 August 2024.

1. 兩名被告經審訊後被裁定一項看管兒童的人虐待或忽略兒童的控罪,違反香港法例第212章「侵害人生罪條例」第27(1)條。

Cited by 1 case · Cites 4 cases

Case No.DCCC 129/2023[2024] HKDC 1544
Court
District Court
Date06 Aug 2024
Judge
Case Document
100%Judiciary

DCCC 129/2023

[2024] HKDC 1544

香港特別行政區

區域法院

刑事案件2023年第129號

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  香港特別行政區  
   
  C.Y.S. (第一被告)
  W.Y.C. (第二被告)

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主審法官:  區域法院暫委法官周燕珠
日期:  2024年8月6日
出席人士:  吳美華女士,為外聘大律師,代表香港特別行政區
  梁晴怡女士,由Jal N Karbhari & Co律師行延聘,代表第一及第二被告
控罪:   看管兒童的人虐待或忽略兒童(Ill-treatment or neglect of children by persons in charge of those children)

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判刑理由書

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1.兩名被告經審訊後被裁定一項看管兒童的人虐待或忽略兒童的控罪,違反香港法例第212章「侵害人生罪條例」第27(1)條。

2.控罪詳情如下:—

第一及第二被告於2021年11月4日至2021年11月5日期間開(包括尾兩天),在香港某單位,身為年滿16歲而對不足16歲的兒童(即6歲的X及2歲的Y)負有管養及照顧責任的人,故意虐待或忽略該等兒童,其方式相當可能導致該等兒童受到不必要的苦楚或健康損害。

案件背景

3.第一及第二被告是夫妻關係,在案發時,他們的兩名兒子,分別為X(6歲)及Y(2歲)。

4.是次案件涉及燒炭,主要原因是經濟問題。

5.在2019年4月,第一被告以270萬元購買了一間居屋: —

(a)  向恒生銀行借貸2,400,000元,每月還款大約1萬元。

(b)  向第一被告的父親借了6萬元。

(c)  除此以外,再向恒生銀行借貸5萬元及向財務公司借貸45萬元作為裝修的費用。

6.第一被告負責向財務公司借貸,第二被告並不知借貸的來龍去脈及實際款額。除了第一次借貸用作裝修之用,其餘借貸均以用作還款之用。

7.由2019年開始,第一被告向大約30間財務公司借貸,最少10萬元,最多20萬。在案發前之數月,第一被告父親曾協助還款2,100,000元,至2021年11月,欠債總額高達300多萬元。

8.第一被告每月入息大約2萬元,第二被告是一名泥水工人,日薪$15,000。

9.以兩人的經濟狀況,直至案發時,仍未還清欠債,亦沒有還款能力。

10.在2021年10月,追數公司開始發動追數攻勢,包括向被告的家人,以電話及短訊WhatsApp追數,第一被告知道2021年11月5日就是“死線”,是還款的最後限期,令第一被告感受到極端的壓力,其家人及被告變得非常惶恐及害怕。

11.被告在燒炭前,寫下三份文件表示離世的原因。

12.第一被告及第二被告兩人感情深厚,他們亦愛錫X及Y。

13.在2021年11月5日,凌晨約2時至早上至早上8時許,在睡房內三次燒炭,其間X及Y正在睡覺。

14.首兩次由第二被告下手。第三次由第一被告下手。

15.在被捕時,第一被告在警誡下說:「因為差啲錢,壓力好大,想攬住佢哋一起死。」

16.第二被告在警誡下說:「我假裝應承我老婆燒炭,我有把握整啲炭火。」

刑事定罪紀錄

17.兩名被告沒有刑事定罪紀錄。

兩名被告的背景

18.第一被告現年35歲,第二被告現年41歲,他們共有三名子女,第一被告在拘捕後育有一名2歲的女兒,另外X及Y現時由外祖父母照顧。第一被告在2021年已申請破產。現時兩人的居所面對收樓令。

19.今天辯方提供4份求情信。

20.第一及第二被告表示深感後悔,保證不會重犯。第一被告的父親及妹妹,在信中同樣表達第一及第二被告的懊悔,以及兩人還押期間對X及Y的深遠影響。

21.在第一被告的求情信中,本席得知X是一名聰明的學生,學業成績理想,每次中英文默書都能取得90分以上。另外在第二被告的指導下,曾參加多項比賽,均獲取獎項,明顯是一名可造之才。

22.X及Y向父母強烈表示要回家,他們時刻思念父母。

23.辯方亦呈遞了X近期的一幅畫作,當中畫了他們一家五口,笑容滿面,並寫下:「開開心心,全家團聚。」反映出X內心世界的渴望。

判刑前的報告

第一被告的心理醫生及精神科醫生報告

24.精神科醫生指被告在2021年11月,因為本案被轉介至小欖精神科中心,基於其自殺行為。在接手治療期間及定期覆診顯示,精神狀態保持平穩,醫生評估 “She was not psychotic.  She did not have any suicidal or violent ideas.” “Out-patient psychiatric follow-up has been arranged for monitoring of her condition.”

心理醫生報告

25.心理醫生認為被告干犯罪行,全因為 “concealed her financial needs and did not seek help from them(家人)… contribute to her significant stress."第一被告感到尷尬向父親尋求經濟協助。直至犯案前第一被告 “became increasingly distressed, experiencing frequent crying spells and developing fleeting and vague suicidal thoughts.”

26.第一被告坦白向心理醫生表示,在2021年11月1日,在望及無助的情況下,開始決定尋死計劃,以解決欠債的事宜。

27.第一被告決心改過,希望與家人團聚,現時深表悔意、羞愧及罪疚,重犯機會低。

第二被告的精神科報告

28.第二被告並沒有患上精神問題。

第二被告的心理醫生報告

29.對於本次事件,第二被告承認,

“he knew his wife aimed to die together with him and both sons, and they were sleeping in the same room where he put the burning charcoal, but he strongly disagreed that the had put his sons’ lives at risk as he believed that he could interrupt the action successfully. He showed no reflection over his approach in handling and reiterated that his sons were not hurt from the incident.”

30.總的來說,心理醫生認為第二被告毫無悔意,

“acting in concert with his wife’s demands for burning charcoal first and then find excuses to interrupt her plan, would cause any danger to his sons. He failed to acknowledge the health and psychological risk for his children and repeatedly put the charcoal in their room three times, ….. ( D2)’s judgement and consequential thinking …… was of genuine concern.”

“... he seemed to have limited insights into his problems”

“his risk of reoffending was assessed to fall into the range of Low to Moderate … ”

“it would be beneficial for him and his family should they receive family counselling service after their reunion in the community to process the impact of this suicidal incident, as well as to monitor their future risk of child abuse.”

X的心理醫生報告

31.X現時已9歲7個月,與外祖父母同住。當談及與父母相聚的時候,表現興奮。

“X enjoyed playing with his brother and liked his grandparents.”

“he was delightful when talking about going out with his parents, for fun and dining experience.” “he described his parents were loving and harmonious, who seldom quarreled or punished him.”

“he enjoyed being visited by his parents each time and did not want to separate from them again.”

“recently, he could not see and talk to his parents again and he missed them very much and felt like they had separated for nearly half a year.”

“when exploring his experience of separation from his parents, he looked tense and tearful. X seemed to have little understanding of why his parents had been living separately from him for years.”

32.關於燒炭事件,X估計由於其母親用燒炭的方法來消滅老鼠。因而引起他人投訴。

33.X對滅鼠事件,沒有太大的影響,反而 “more disturbed by the repeated separation from his parrents.”  “he did not express concern about why they had left, but only wanted to know when they would come back… and to take care of them.”

Y的心理醫生報告

34.Y現年5歲3個月,由於事發時,仍然年幼,故此對於發生事件的經過沒有記憶。

“he seems happy both at school and at home. He enjoyed going out with his parents and playing with is brother and younger sister. He liked to call his mother every day and could recite her mobile number spontaneously.”

外祖父(Mr C)

35.外祖父形容事發時,X及Y不能適應與外祖父母同住: —

(a)  X “was emotionally disturbed and looked depressed.” During the interview “X became agitated … X expressed that he did not want to move again.”

(b)  Y “would cry intensely for hours on end for no apparent reason.”

(c)  外祖父母因此曾經向社工要求,“to place them in a residential home.”

36.第一及第二被告,在被捕後,一直還押,其後獲法庭批准擔保。由2022年11月,可以每月一次,每次2至3小時與X及Y再次接觸,Mr C形容 “the two children had improved significantly.  Mr C observed that the two grandsons were attached to their parrents, calling them a few times daily, to call or ask for help with homework.  They were eager and excited to go out with their parents, and wanted to see them more frequently.  Speaking with tearful eyes, Mr C recalled that once, when X called his mother but could not reach her, he cried. …… he missed his parents very much.”

(a)  X became more mature and showed substantial progress in academice performance, managing daily routines and self-discipline. He also takes care of his siblings when necessary.

(b)  Y became more secure, and the frequency of his crying spells was greatly reduced.

學校社工—Ms W關於X的報告

37.Ms W “recalled that X appeared to be emotionally disturbed after the incident, especially after knowing that he might need to move to a residential placement and change school.”

38.當X升至二年班的時候,他的情緒開始穩定下來,能夠集中學習。“this positive change was observed to be followed by X resuming some regular contacts with his parents.  His mother showed active and genuine concern for her child’s development, making regular contacts with her and his teachers to follow up on his educational and social needs.  The attention and social problem subsided gradually.”

39.X升至三年班的時候,X的成績有明顯進步。近期由於父母再次還押,X再次不能與父母聯絡,X再次表現沮喪。

學校老師— Ms Ng對Y的報告

40.Ms Ng表示Y能適應新學校的環境。“he impressed her as a cheerful and active boy.  He related well with both teachers and classmates.  No apparent emotional or behavioral problem was noted so far.”

報告的結論

41.X及Y “had a strong attachment with their parents.  The unpredictable separation from their parents …. appeared to have been very disruptive and stressful for the children.”

42.雖然在案發後身體檢查,X及Y沒有明顯傷害,

“the emotional impact on the children was reflected by their initial distress and difficulty adjusting to the grandparents’ care and in school ……. the traumatic separation was beyond the comprehension and tolerance of the two young children.”

“it was heartbreaking for the grandparents to witness the family’s suffering. Nevertheless, their efforts to continue providing care for the grandsons, despite the difficulties and challenges, helped stablilize the children. Moreover , the children‘s improved behaviors and mood after their parents resumed providing regular guidance and nurturance, even though not living together, indicated the children ’s resilience to grow when a stable environment and attachment figures were maintained, which are considered very crucial for the well- being and development of children.”

判刑

43.有關條文,在1995年修訂,將最高刑罰增至10年。可見法例視此等罪行為嚴重,目的在保護未成年的兒童。此類案件,並無判刑指引,不同案件存有不同判刑考慮因素。

44.辯方在求情時,指出兩名被告人已經分別被拘禁六至七個月。自從案發後,他們未能與X及Y同住及照顧他們,對他們來說已是非常嚴厲的懲罰。

45.辯方同時以兩件案件游說法庭輕判兩名被告:—

(a)  HKSAR v Wong Po Chu HCCC 45/2014 — 被告人患有嚴重抑鬱症,在10年的婚姻來,患有精神分裂症的丈夫,經常對被告作出言行上的威脅,令被告飽受折磨。最終離婚收場。被告亦有一名患有輕微自閉症的兒子。

被告人只想個人尋死,並沒有意圖傷害兒子。由兒子發現,最終救回被告。被告在會面紀錄中,強烈表示深愛兒子。

在判刑時,被告已沒有精神病徵,原審法官亦注意到被告有一個支持她的家庭,僱主及朋友。令被告得以與兒子重拾關係。自從被捕後,被告積極生活,重返正常的生活節奏。

被告最終被判2年感化令。

Wong Po Chu一案,被告並沒有意圖傷害兒子,反觀本案的兩名被告人,連續三次在數小時內燒炭,目的尋死。兩名兒子同睡一牀上。故此感化令絕非適合。

(b)  律政司司長 訴 NLT [2023] HKDC 522,答辯人承認兩項控罪:—

(i)  第一項對所看管兒童虐待或忽略;

(ii)  第二項罔顧生命是否受到危害而縱火。

答辯人被改判入獄3個月緩刑18個月,並且接受輔導等四項附帶條件。

案發時,答辯人的兒子只有11歲,在上網課的時候,答辯人喝了半瓶紅酒,兒子奪走她的酒瓶,因而惹怒了答辯人。答辯人罵兒子不專心上課,X因此不高興,下午5時,趁母親在洗手間內,偷偷離家,至晚上7時回家。

晚上8時,答辯人出外買酒。回家時開不了門,答辯人把門上的揮春點着火,掉落在大門和鐵閘之間的地上,濃煙蔓延入屋。X感到呼吸困難。鄰居及時報警。

被告在警誡下承認點着門上的揮春,目的只是嚇X,令X開門,無意傷害X。

判詞的第21段引用律政司司長 訴 蔡淑芹 [2007] 3 HKLRD 421和R v Durkin (1989)  11 Cr App R (S)  313,“家長甚至老師在管教兒童的過程中,情緒失控及/或採用過激手段,聚集會比毫無因由地傷害兒童輕,視乎情況或許可以酌情輕判,但這絕不是把傷害兒童正當化的理由。一般而言,法庭必須在判刑上給保護弱小、讓干犯者贖罪、阻嚇和滿足公眾良知等因素反映出來。"

判詞的第25段指出,“上訴法庭在HKSAR v Chan Chun Tat [2013] 6 HKC 225指出,暴力不是解決家庭問題的辦法,法庭必須介入,但若然受害人在沒有受到不當影響的情況下,真誠原諒犯案者,法庭是可以顧及的,但顧及並非因為法庭會因應受害人的意願而裁剪量刑,而是因為法庭要考慮罪行對受害人所造成的影響和後果,因此如果判刑會令受害人產生不安,法庭可惜量調整刑期。"

判詞的第26段引用英國有關法例的指引,《Cruelty to a child - assault and ill treatment, abandonment, neglect and failure to protect》也提到 “判罰傷害兒童的案犯,例如是他們的父母或照顧者,要考慮受害兒童的利益,但同時也必須顧及案件本身的嚴重程度,如無法避免的話,就只能把案犯處以即時監禁,法庭只能在刑期上的長短上作調節。”

46.就本案而言,案情相當嚴重,身為人父人母,有重大責任保護子女。第一及第二被告燒炭尋死時,X及Y與他們睡在同一床上。在過程中,他們毫不知情,完全沒有選擇生存的權利。

47.兩名受害兒童分別為6歲及2歲。

48.三次燒炭為時大約6至7小時,當時是凌晨時分,一般人正在熟睡,難以揭發兩名被告的行為。尤其是家傭並非與他們同住。

49.第一被告犯案的原因,是不堪追數公司的壓力,亦明白沒有經濟能力償還300多萬,因此出此下策。在案發後,第一被告已申請破產,情況得以改善。報告亦提及被告重犯機會低。

50.至於第二被告,基於他與第一被告的感情深厚,正如求情信中提及第一被告是“愛妻號”。第二被告同樣明白沒有還款的能力,因此順應第一被告的要求,共同執行燒炭的計劃。

51.兩名被告經過今次教訓,明白不可以再向高利貸公司借貸,後果相當嚴重,再者,第一被告的家庭,是他們的兩人強大的後盾,給予他們極大支持及鼓勵回復正常生活。

52.最重要的一環,從各方面的證供來看,第一及第二被告對X及Y的愛錫是毋庸置疑。X及Y在事件中沒有受到嚴重健康傷害,反而心靈上的傷害,在父母被拘禁期間,明顯地在他們的行為上浮現出來,顯示出他們與父母分離時,承擔了不能承受的痛苦及焦慮。

53.在父母得以保釋期間,X的學業成績有明顯進步,Y的情緒回復正常,他們仍然年幼,深切期望能與父母團聚。

54.兩名被告沒有前科,本席相信兩名被告深明干犯罪行,對X及Y所帶來的負面影響,尋死不能解決問題,只有惡化問題。

55.基於以上種種因素,以為考慮到X及Y早日回家的意願,福祉及利益為依歸,本席下令兩名被告入獄10個月,亦考慮到案件由2021年至今,已有2年9個月,故此額外給予1個月的寬減,最終入獄9個月。

( 周燕珠 )
區域法院暫委法官

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