Holiday Resorts (Management) Co. Ltd. and Another 訴 Chan Yuk Yan

Read the full judgment text of HCA 7665/1998 on BabelCite. This High Court CFI judgment.

1. 申請人乃本案的兩位被告人。原告人在1998年8月3日根據高等法院規則第14號命令,提出申請,要求判令原告勝訴。聆案官在1999年1月8日經聆訊後,判令申請人須付予原告:-

Cites 1 case

Case No.HCA 7665/1998
Court
High Court CFI
Date
Judge
Case Document
100%Judiciary

HCA007665/1998

HCA 7665/1998

香港特別行政區

高等法院

原訟法庭

高等法院民事訴訟1998年第7665號

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HOLIDAY RESORTS (MANAGEMENT) CO. LTD 原訟人/
第一反被告人/
第二第三方

HOLIDAY RESORTS (HK) LTD

第二反被告人/
第三第三方
CHAN YUK YAN與
CHAN SHUI YING MINDY
被告人兼反訴人
SUPA REAL ESTATE LIMITED 第一第三方

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主審法官:高等法院原訟法庭法官鍾安德內庭聆訊

聆訊日期:2000年4月12日

宣判日期:2000年5月19日

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判 案 書

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1. 申請人乃本案的兩位被告人。原告人在1998年8月3日根據高等法院規則第14號命令,提出申請,要求判令原告勝訴。聆案官在1999年1月8日經聆訊後,判令申請人須付予原告:-

(a) HK$65,543;

(b) HK$4,210;

(c) HK$300作為原告追討上述款項的費用。

聆案官亦命令,有關的判決應暫緩執行,直至申請人的反申索審結為止。聆案官其後在1999年1月25日對其裁決作出修訂。

2. 在2000年2月17日(即聆案官作出上述判令後的約1年另1月後),申請人提出此項申請,要求原訟法庭:-

(a) 准予獲得上訴申請;

(b) 撤銷1999年1月8日之裁決;

(c) 撤銷1999年1月25日之修訂裁決;

(d) 頒令原告人須支付有關之訟費。

3. 裁決是否延長法律規定的期限(例如法定的上訴期限),是法律賦予法庭的酎情權。而法庭在行使有關這方面的酎情權時,必須考慮與該案有關的所有情況。涉及這方面而比較具重要性的情況,包括下列幾點:-

(a) 申請人在超越法定期限後多久才作出有關申請;

(b) 申請人未能(或延遲)在法定期限內提出申請的理由為何;

(c) 上述的延誤,是否對有關申請的答辯方,做成不可補償的影响或損害;

(d) 申請人在有關的申請中所提出的素求,是否有充份的理據。

4. 未討論與本申請有關的所有情況(尤其上述的(a)至(d)點)前,本席先將本案的案情簡述如下。在1998年6月提出本訴訟時,原告為一處於大嶼山名為“澄碧邨”的物業發展的管理公司。原告聲稱該物業發展的公契賦予其執行有關公契的權力,以及追討依據公契,業主必須支付的費用。原告在“申索陳述書”中亦稱,被告身為業主,共欠$65,543的管理費,$4,210的船費及$300的追討費。

5. 除了其中一點之外(本席會在“判案書”中較後部份詳述),申請人在本申請中對上述申索所提出的答辯理由,與他們在:-

(a) 本案的已修改“抗辯書及反申索”中;

(b) 原告前述第14號命令申請中,

所提出的答辯理由,基本上完全相同。因此,申請人早在1999年1月8日(聆案官作出判令時),已知悉這些答辯理由,故此申請人不能以未能在法定上訴期限前,知悉所有有關答辯理由,來解釋為何他們未能在期限前提出上訴。而申請人亦沒有在本申請聆訊中,以此作為解釋。

6. 申請人在本申請聆訊時,聲稱他們未在限期屆滿前上訴,是由於他們並不熟悉法律,故並不知道法定的上訴期限為何。本席在聆訊時,經已向申請人指出,本席不接納這聲稱為一有效的解釋。首先,法律規定的期限,通常是對最長的期限,作出規範。由於這是最長的期限,申請人無須等到期限屆滿才作出任何受該期限影响的申請。相反,申請人其實應在儘早時間如此做。

7. 此外,雖然(除有特別指明外)法律通常容許任何人仕在訴訟時,自行應訊。當訴訟人自行應訊時,很多司法人員都願意儘量在審訊過程中,對他們給予合理及適當的協助。但這並不意味自行應訊的訴訟人,可獲得法庭的特別優待(正如法庭不會苛待他們),例如,對他們作出特別寬鬆的對待,或在審訊進行時,特別偏幫他們。假如法庭如此做的話,首先,會對其他的訴訟人(尤其是有律師代表的人仕),做成不公。此外,法庭這樣做的長期後果,極可能是大部份訴訟人選擇不聘用法律代表。其結果是社會用於司法的資源,其中部份必須用於替自行應訊的訴訟人所提出的訴訟,作出調查、分析及/或整理的工作,而非用於司法的工作。

8. 本席在“判案書”中較前部份曾提及申請人在本聆訊時,提出一個在1999年1月時並未存在的答辯理由。申請人指原告人在本訴訟中,是純以代理人身份(意指以物業管理公司身份)提出申索,而原告人已於1999年8月28日被有關物業的業主立案法團終止其物業管理合約。有關的合約自1999年12月11日已正式被終止。申請人指,基於上述的情況,他們有足夠的理由:-

(a) 要求法庭撤銷原告在此訴訟中的申索,因為自原告不再身為代理人日起,原告已再無任何理據,向申請人提出此訴訟;

(b)由於上述原因(雖然申請人已超越提出撤銷1999年1月8日的判令的上訴的法定期限)要求法庭仍應批准他們有關延長提出上訴期限的申請。

9. 代表原告的黃律師則辯稱,雖然她的當事人在1999年12月之後,已不再是有關物業的管理公司,但在其獲判勝訴時,原告具有充份的理據:-

(a) 提出此訴訟;

(b) 向申請人追討有關的款項。

10. 基於原告的管理合約已被終止,就算在1999年1月8日的判決在法理上仍然有效,但原告自1999年12月後,可能不再具有執行此判令的法律地位。但類似上述的情況,亦可能在其他的訴訟中出現。此外,雖然本案的判令,是基於高等法院第14號命令作出,但申請人提出有關判令無效的論據,亦可適用於經過正式審訊後所裁定的判令。因此,有關的判決是否如申請人所言,變成無效,不獨對本申請的裁決有重要性,亦可能影響有類似情況的其他裁決。因為,假如前述的判決,可因此被視為無效的話,不獨原本的勝訴人不能執行有關的判令,該勝訴人的委托人(principal),由於並非與訟的其中一方,亦不可依賴該判令,向敗訴者作出追討。

11. 在英國的司法史上,亦有一宗與申請人提出的論據類似(但不盡相同)的情況出現。英國的上訴法庭對有關的案件作出的判決,在The Supreme Court Practice 1999中第15/7/16段,簡錄如下:-

"Where plaintiff company is merged in its parent company so that it has itself ceased to exist as a separate corporate entity, the Court has power to substitute the parent company as the plaintiff in the action, even after judgment, both under this rule and under its inherent jurisdiction (Mercer Alloys Corp. v. Rolls Royce Ltd [1971] 1 WLR 1520; [1972] 1 All E.R. 211, CA)."

The Supreme Court Practice 1999所指的“this rule",是高等法院規則第15號命令第6(2)及7(2)條規則,該兩條規則是:-

“6. 各方的不當合併或不合併
(第15號命令第6條規則)

(2)除本條規則的條文另有規定外,法庭可在任何訟案或事宜的法律程序的任何階段,施加其認為公正的條款而主動或應申請--

(a) ....;

(b) 命令將任何以下的人加入成為一方,即--

(i) 任何本應已被加入有關訟案或事宜而成為一方的人,或任何有必要到法庭席前以確保在有關訟案或事宜中的所有有爭議的事宜可有效地及完全地予以裁定及判定的人,或

(ii) 任何與訟案或事宜的任何一方之間可能存有任何問題或爭論點的人;而該問題或爭論點是由該宗訟案或事宜中所申索的任何濟助或補救所引致、或是與之有關或相關連的,且法庭認為就該問題或爭論點而就該人與該一方之間以及就訟案或事宜的各方之間一併作裁定,是公正及適宜的。

7. 因去世等原因而更換各方
(第15號命令第7條規則)

(1) 凡一宗訴訟的一方去世或破產而訴訟因由仍然存在,該宗訴訟不得因該一方的去世或破產而中止。

(2) 凡在任何訟案或事宜的法律程序的任何階段,任何一方的權益或法律責任轉讓或傳轉或轉予另一人,法庭如認為為確保在該宗訟案或事宜中的所有有爭議的事宜可有效及完全地予以裁定及判定而有必要,可命令使該另一人成為該宗訟案或事宜的一方,並命令繼續進行有關法律程序,猶如該另一人取代了首述的一方一樣。

要求根據本款作出命令的申請,可單方面提出。”

12.Mercer Corpn. v. Rolls Royce Ltd [1971] 1 WLR 1520一案中,英國的上訴法庭說:-

"Those are the two broad points made by Mr. Lloyd in his argument to us: namely, that if this judgment was a nullity (and one must presume for present purposes that it was, although of course the judge decided otherwise, and we are not going to decide it at all), no amendment could cure it; and secondly, Mr. Lloyd says, that you cannot amend unless you are satisfied that the judgment does not carry out the intention of the parties.

So far as the second point is concerned, it is perfectly clear that it was the intention of the parties to settle this litigation. Mr. Lloyd, I think, conceded (and I will return to this again in a moment) that, had it been known to the parties on February 25, 1971, that Whittaker had succeeded Stalco in the sense that I have described, nobody would have had the slightest objection, either in respect of the agreement or the subsequent judgment, to Whittaker being substituted for Stalco.

One can look at it in this way. Supposing that, instead of this not being discovered until some time in March, when it was brought to the notice of the defendants, it was discovered on the day after Donaldson J. had ordered judgment to be entered for the plaintiffs. The judgment, according to Mr. Lloyd's argument, would then also be a nullity, having been pronounced in the form that it was. It seems to me preposterous to imagine that, if the plaintiffs had applied to Donaldson J. on February 26 or 27 to amend the title of the action, it would have been impossible for him to make the amendment.

In my view, both under the rules of court I have mentioned and in the exercise of its inherent jurisdiction to see that justice is done and that the intention of the parties is carried out - although this, I agree, is a somewhat extreme case - the court has the power to amend the title of the action and, if the facts justify it, should exercise the power. I am, therefore, satisfied that in the circumstances of this case the court has jurisdiction to make the amendment.

One then asks whether, in all the circumstances of the case, it would be right and proper to make it. In my judgment, the answer to that is "yes" To repeat something I have already said, in February the object of the parties in reaching the settlement was to put an end to the litigation. The receiver was content to pay or to submit to judgment for about half of the claim. It made no difference at all to him whether the judgment was in favour of Mercer, or Stalco or anyone else, so long as the defendants were protected from the claim for the balance of the £600,000 odd. If Whittaker are joined as parties, the settlement will be binding upon them and this object will be achieved. But if Mr. Lloyd's main argument is right and were to prevail and Whittaker are not joined, then I apprehend that Whittaker could start another action the next day for the whole of the £600,000." (見第1526頁)

13. 上訴法庭在其判詞中的較後部份(見第1527至1528頁)亦說:-

"As I think, this is a case where the purposes of justice clearly require that the court should make the amendment to which Davies L.J. has referred, and, indeed, if it failed to do so, the purposes of justice would clearly be stultified.

What has happened here? When this action originally began it was perfectly properly constituted with Mercer and Stalco as the plaintiffs. In July 1970 there was a merger: Stalco merged with Whittaker, who indeed owned them previously - they owned all the shares. Under section 4116 of the Corporations Statute of California it would clearly have been quite proper for the action, if it had been in California, to have gone on without any amendment of the parties. Of course, if Whittaker had wanted to, they could have had their name substituted for that of Stalco, but it was quite unnecessary. Mr. Lloyd says that that is not the position in this country - that the third paragraph of section 4116 is purely procedural, and that in this country it was necessary for this amendment to be made. I assume that he is right. He concedes, very fairly, that if, on the day when the parties reached agreement on the compromise of the action, anyone had thought to mention the fact of this merger, there could have been no objection by the defendants to the substitution of Whittaker for Stalco as one of the two plaintiffs. Nobody stood to gain anything by leaving the action constituted in the name of Mercer and Stalco as opposed to Mercer and Whittaker. There was never any intention to deceive. What had happened was merely that the American lawyers, no doubt realising that the action would have been properly constituted in California, did not realise that this correction was necessary in England. Consequently, the English solicitors for the plaintiffs were not informed of the true situation.

The situation here come within the words of Singleton L.J. in Thynne v. Thynne [1955] P.272. Dealing with the inherent jurisdiction of the court, he said, at p.301:

"It is a power, or a right, which ought not to be cut down. It enables the court, in a proper case, to put right something which is incorrectly stated, and to keep its records in line with the real position. It is discretionary in the court, and it ought not to be used if it can cause injustice to anyone, or if in any sense the exercise of it can offend against the public weal."

I fail to see how this amendment can cause injustice to anyone or offend against the public weal."

14.Mercer Corpn. 一案中,獲判勝訴的一方,在法庭作出判決時,已與母公司合併,故在法律上可被視為不再存在。英國法庭裁定,即使在該案中的判令是一無效判令(nullity),法庭仍可行使其固有司法權,修改有關的判令,詳見該判詞中的第1529E-F頁。

15. 在本訴訟中,當原告獲判勝訴時,正如黃律師所言,原告是完全具有法律地位,提出有關的訴訟。故此,在本訴訟中,並無判令無效的情況出現。基於以上原因,本席認為,最適當的處理方法,並不是撤銷1999年1月8日的判令,而是應該容許“澄碧邨”的業主立案法團,或是依據公契條款而委任的新管理公司,表明是否會申請加入作為原告人(或第二原告人),以便將來執行有關的判令。

16. 此外,本席在考慮過申請人在聆訊時所提出的其他答辯理由後,認為這些理由,並不足以令本席行使酎情權,批准申請人越期提出上訴。因此,本席認為,申請人在此申請中提出的種種論據,只有關於原告的管理合約已被終止一點,是唯一值得考慮的問題。

17. 故此,本席認為本申請應被押後至另定日期,以便依據高等法院第15號命令第6(b)(i)條規則,指示原告人,將本申請及本指示,送達給“澄碧邨”業主立案法團或現任管理公司,使它們可在本席席前,表明是否願意加入(或替代原告人)成為本案之原告。故此,本席決定暫時將本申請押後至另定日期(需時約1/2小時)。在未聽取所有可能相關的各方之前,本席認為不宜對本申請作出裁決。

18. 假如在另定聆訊日期,業主立案法團及/或新任管理公司:-

(a) 不出席;或

(b) 表明不欲加入成為原告人。

本席極有可能會批准此申請。相反,假如業主立案法團及/或新任管理公司表明願意加入為原告的話,本席極有可能駁回本申請。

19. 申請人亦提出另一項有關呈請指示及延展判令之申請,由於上述延長上訴期限之申請,已超越原本訂定之聆訊時間,故本席將該另項申請,押後至另定日期再行聆訊。

鍾安德
高等法院原訟法庭法官

原訟人/第一及二反被告人/:由林文傑律師事務所指派黃淑薇律師代表

第二及三第三方被告人兼反訴人:由陳育欣授權陳鈺麟代表應訊

第一第三方:由董事蔡茗蕙親自應訊