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DCCC 585/2021
[2022] HKDC 414
香港特別行政區
區域法院
刑事案件2021年第585號
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| 出席人士: |
何冠驥博士,為外聘大律師,代表香港特別行政區 |
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文漢釗先生,由法律援助署委派的江得源律師行延聘,代表被告人 |
| 控罪: |
[1] 販運危險藥物(Trafficking in a dangerous drug) |
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[2] 在體內含有任何濃度的指明毒品時駕駛汽車(Driving a motor vehicle with any concentration of a specified illicit drug) |
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判刑理由書
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1.被告人承認兩項控罪,
(i) 「販運危險藥物」,違反香港法例第134章《危險藥物條例》第4(1)(a)及(3)條;
(ii) 「在體內含有任何濃度的指明毒品時駕駛汽車」,違反香港法例第374章《道路交通條例》第39K(1)條。
承認事實
2.被告人承認的事實如下:—
(1) 2021年2月20日上午約9時23分,警務人員執行交通職務,留意到登記號碼TX 3701的私家車(TX 3701)某部分停在香港新界屯門建豐街GD 3009號燈柱附近的行人路上(案發地點)。後來得知被告人為TX 3701的登記車主。
(2) 警方截停TX 3701,要求被告人關掉引擎。被告人坐在司機座位,雙手在駕駛盤上。另外有一名女子坐在左邊後座的乘客座位。警方留意到一個打開的黑色銀包,內有大量現金。
(3) 警方搜查 TX 3701,在前排乘客座位的儲物格內發現以下物品:
(1) 一個綠色煙盒,內有30個可再封口透明小膠袋,載有內含5.09克可卡因的共5.20克固體(證物1);及
(2) 一個可再封口透明膠袋,內有6個可再封口透明小膠袋。
(4) 被告人被拘捕,罪名是「販運毒品」。被告人於現場在警誡下承認證物1買來自用。
(5) 經進一步搜查,警方在司機位車門的儲物格內發現一個綠色煙盒,內有38個可再封口透明膠袋,載有內含6.34克可卡因的共6.51克固體(證物2)。
(6) 被告人再被拘捕,罪名是「販運毒品」。被告人於現場在警誡下承認證物2買來自用。
(7) 此外,警方在被告人身上發現現金港幣10,750元及一部有兩張SIM卡的流動電話。
(8) 在同意下,警方於現場為被告人進行呼氣測試及快速口腔液測試。快速口腔液測試結果顯示對「CO」(即可卡因)呈陽性反應。被告人被拘捕。
(9) 其後被告人的血液樣本進行法證檢驗,驗出有以下濃度的物質:
(1) 每毫升血液中有 0.20 微克苯甲酰芽子鹼(來自可卡因的代謝物);及
(2) 微量芽子鹼甲酯(來自可卡因的代謝物)。
(10) 被告人於2021年2月20日的錄影會面中,在警誡下承認一些事情:
(1) 2021年2月20日上午約6時,被告人向某人(該人身分沒有披露)以港幣約14,000元購入約70包共重約23克的固體「可樂」,當天上午較早時給了朋友兩包固體「可樂」;
(2) 證物1至2是被告人打算當晚與朋友聚會時吸食;
(3) 「可樂」指可卡因;及
(4) 車輛TX 3701停在案發地點,因為被告人想見一名朋友。
(11) 政府化驗師其後證實證物1至2的毒品成分,兩者載有68個可再封口透明膠袋,內含11.43克可卡因的共11.71克固體。
(12) 證物1至2的估計市值為港幣19,919元。
(13) 所有案發期間,被告人管有證物1至2作非法販運用途(控罪一)。
(14) 所有案發期間,被告人在道路上駕駛車輛TX 3701,其血液含有若干濃度的指明毒品,即每毫升血液中有0.2微克苯甲酰芽子鹼(來自可卡因的代謝物)及微量的芽子鹼甲酯(來自可卡因的代謝物)(控罪二)。
被告人的背景
3.被告人現年24歲,未婚,與父母及兄長同住。他曾接受中五程度教育,案發前是地盤雜工,月入約24,000元;每月給予母親數千港元作生活費。因父親患有腎病,需要照顧,被告人於自2021年1月沒有工作。被告人指因長期在家而結識了一班損友,繼而染上吸食可卡因的陋習,現已極後悔。他向法庭承諾日後會遠離毒品、奉公守法及努力工作。
4.被告人有三次刑事定罪紀錄,與毒品無關。
量刑
5.販運危險藥物乃嚴重罪行。因此,上訴法院已就販運各類危險藥物訂明量刑指引。大律師正確地指出,於Attorney General v Pedro Nel Rojas [1994] 1 HKC 342 一案內,上訴法院裁定販運海洛英的量刑指引適用於可卡因:見The Queen v Lau Tak Ming [1990] 2 HKLR 370。根據該量刑指引,販運不超過10克可卡因的量刑起點為2至5年監禁;販運10至50克可卡因的量刑起點為5至8年監禁。
6.本案內的可卡因重量為11.43克。本席同意,根據量刑指引,適當的量刑起點為61個月監禁。被告人適時認罪,可獲三分一扣減,刑期減至40.67個月監禁(即40個月20天)。於首份求情陳詞,大律師指被告人是因經濟壓力和吸食毒品習慣而干犯本案。這並非減刑因素:見HKSAR v Montoya Munoz Mauricio [2019] 1 HKLRD 439。
7.於補充陳詞中,被告人指是為了全職照顧父親才辭掉工作。這與其家人撰寫的求情信不符。事實上,如被告人整天待在家中照顧父親,他跟本就沒有機會誤交損友,更不會吸食毒品。況且,如被告人須照顧父親,他犯案前便應考慮後果及對父親的影響。因此,除了適時認罪外,並無其他減刑因素。控罪一的刑期為3年4個月20天。
8.控罪二最高的刑期為罰款2萬5千元及監禁3年。大律師提供HKSAR v Chiang Yat-Ming DCCC 300/2019 (2019年8月9日)作參考。於該案內法庭裁定被告人的駕駛態度惡劣;雖然沒有涉及第三者傷亡,但被告人駕駛的汽車撞毀路標;驗血結果顯示被告人體內有兩種毒品。
9.該案是同級法院的判決,對本席並無約束力。可是本席同意本案內,被告人的汽車是停泊在路旁,亦沒有涉及高速駕駛、人命傷亡或財物損毀,案情沒有Chiang Yat-Ming般嚴重。因此,本席以3個月監禁作為量刑起點。被告人適時認罪,可獲三分一的扣減,刑期減至2個月監禁。
總刑期
10.大律師指兩項控罪是於同一相關時間及地點發生,雖然性質不同,但請求法庭考慮被告人沒有類同刑事定罪紀錄,盡量寬大處理,下令兩項控罪部份刑期同期執行。
11.於HKSAR v Mohammed Tofael Ahmed [2020] HKCA 33(CACC 306/2018),上訴人承認共四項販運危險藥物的控罪。首三項控罪源於上訴人售賣毒品予卧底警員。警方於第3次購得毒品後採取行動,拘捕上訴人,並於其身上發現其他毒品(控罪四)。原審法官判處上訴人共3年8個月監禁。上訴人不服判刑,提出上訴,指控罪三及四的時間相約,毒品來源一樣,亦一直由上訴人管有。上訴法院指:—
“16. There may be occasions where two separate amounts of drugs which have been found at the same time in one location or at different locations in circumstances which are closely linked in time, whether of the same kind or consisting of different kinds of drugs, need to be considered together for the purposes of achieving a just overall sentence: HKSAR v Amnuaychoke Nopporn. Such an approach will usually arise in cases that involve transportation or storage of drugs simpliciter.
17. In the process of sentencing multiple offences, the court must ensure that the overall sentence is not excessive for the overall offending. This will involve passing an individual sentence in relation to each offence and then addressing the totality of the sentence by imposing an ultimate overall sentence that is just and balanced.
18. The correct approach to be taken to the sentencing for multiple offences was discussed by Stock VP in giving judgment of the Court in HKSAR v Ngai Yiu Ching. He explained that when sentencing for multiple offences the initial step is to identify the appropriate sentence for each offence and the final step is to achieve a total sentence appropriate to the culpability of the offender. In the course of doing so, the question will arise whether to order any of the sentences for the offences to run concurrently with each other or whether they should be served consecutively. This will depend upon the facts and circumstances of the case and how it has been charged.
19. As pointed out by Stock VP, an offender may be charged in respect of a number of different, or similar, offences committed on wholly separate occasions over a period of time or with a number of different offences committed in the course of one episode of criminal activity. He illustrated that in the case of several offences committed in the course of a single episode, this might be reflected by one charge embracing all the criminal conduct involved or separate charges for each criminal act. Whatever course is taken, he stressed that the sentencing court must ensure that the ultimate overall sentence reflects the true overall culpability.
20. Stock VP emphasised that when dealing with multiple offences the sentencing court must take care, first, to pass a sentence for each individual offence that is appropriate to that offence and the circumstances of its commission and, second, not to punish the offender twice for the same conduct. He noted that as a safeguard of ensuring that an offender is not punished twice for the same conduct, the courts developed the one transaction rule which provides that if a number of offences that have been charged arise from one transaction or course of criminal conduct, then concurrent sentences should be imposed. However, he warned against the rigid application of the rule which he explained is meant to be a practical working rule and that focus of a sentencing court should be on determining whether an offence adds to the culpability or criminality of another offence and assessing the overall culpability or criminality through the application of the totality principle.”
12.於本案內,法庭就控罪一量刑時完全沒有考慮控罪二,而控罪二亦令被告人的罪責更嚴重,兩項控罪的刑期理應分期執行。可是法庭須考慮總刑期的原則。因此本席下令控罪二的其中1個月刑期與控罪一分期執行,即總刑期為3年5個月20天。
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