|
DCCC 200/2025
[2026] HKDC 683
香港特別行政區
區域法院
刑事案件2025年第200號
________________________
________________________
| 出席人士: |
黃錦卿女士,為外聘大律師,代表香港特別行政區 |
| |
莊天巡先生,由法律援助署委派的鄭焯謙律師行延聘,代表被告人 |
| 控罪: |
販運危險藥物(Trafficking in a dangerous drug) |
________________________
判刑理由書
________________________
1.被告人承認一項「販運危險藥物」,違反香港法例第 134 章《危險藥物條例》第4(1)(a) 及 (3) 條。
案情
2.被告人承認的案情撮要內容如下:
(1) 2024年10月14日凌晨約1時,警員60750(控方第一證人)巡邏時看見被告人坐在香港新界天水圍天瑞邨瑞豐樓外面的長凳上。被告人看見控方第一證人便立即用手按着斜孭袋。控方第一證人之後上前截停被告人查問。
(2) 經搜查被告人攜帶的斜孭袋,在袋的其中一個間隔內發現以下物品:
(a) 10個可再封口膠袋,載有內含2.47克氯胺酮的2.91克固體;
(b) 一個可再封口膠袋,內有3個可再封口膠袋,載有內含0.33克可卡因的0.39克固體;
(c) 一個可再封口膠袋,內有18個可再封口膠袋,載有內含5.19克甲基苯丙胺鹽酸鹽的5.19克晶狀固體。
(3) 此外,警方亦從斜孭袋中檢獲現金港幣930元及一部流動電話。
(4) 控方第一證人之後拘捕被告人。被告人在警誡下承認該些毒品是他拿來賣的。
(5) 在其後的錄影會面中,被告人在警誡下承認:
(a) 被告人幾個月前認識一名男子(涉案男子),並詢問涉案男子是否有任何「搵快錢」的方法。由於涉案男子說當時沒有任何工作介紹,被告人便提供自己的流動電話號碼給涉案男子;
(b) 2024年10月13日下午,涉案男子致電被告人,詢問他是否想「搵快錢」。被告人答是,二人同意當日稍後時間在天瑞邨見面;
(c) 當晚稍後時間,被告人與涉案男子見面;涉案男子將毒品交給被告人;
(d) 被告人從涉案男子那裏收到毒品後,涉案男子叫被告人坐在天瑞邨瑞豐樓外面的長凳上,等待涉案男子指示何時將毒品放在附近的花槽;
(e) 被告人被要求在放下毒品後返回長凳,並等待涉案男子的進一步指示;
(f) 買家從花槽提取毒品後,會將買款留在花槽。涉案男子,隨後會打電話給被告人;被告人會走到花槽取走款項,之後返回長凳等待進一步指示;
(g) 被告人於2024年10月13日晚上約11時最後一次出售兩包可卡因。被告人按涉案男子的指示將兩包可卡因放置在花槽,之後返回長凳;
(h) 其後,被告人從花槽取走港幣350元,並將現金放入他被拘捕時攜帶的斜孭袋內;
(i) 被告人獲承諾每日可得港幣500元,作為替涉案男子出售毒品的報酬。
(6) 案中檢獲的所有毒品估計市值為港幣5442.30元。
被告人的背景
3.被告人現年52歲,曾接受中五程度教育,未婚,獨居。案發時,他任職侍應,月入16,000元。他過往沒有任何刑事定罪紀錄。
量刑
4.「販運危險藥物」是極嚴重的控罪,一經循可公訴罪行定罪,最高刑期為罰款5,000,000元及終身監禁。
5.上訴法庭已就販運不同種類的毒品訂明量刑指引。沒有爭議的是,就氯胺酮,販運1克至10克氯胺酮的量刑基準為2至4年監禁:Secretary for Justice v Hii Siew Cheng [2009] 1 HKLRD 1。
6.就可卡因,大律師援引 HKSAR v Islam SM Majharul [2020] 3 HKLRD 146、R v Lau Tak Ming [1990] 2 HKLR 370 及 HKSAR v Abdallah [2009] 2 HKLRD 437,指販運0至10克可卡因的量刑基準為 2 年至 5 年監禁。就「冰毒」,大律師援引 HKSAR v Tam Yi Chun [2014] 3 HKLRD 691,指販運0至10克冰毒的量刑基準為3年至7年監禁。控方對辯方的說法沒有異議。
7.本席必須指出,上訴法庭已於 HKSAR v Huang Ruifang (黃瑞芳)CACC 106/2022 [2025] HKCA 234 一案中更新對販運海洛英、可卡因及冰毒的量刑指引。上訴法庭亦說明,新的量刑指引已取代了 Lau Tak Ming、Tam Yi Chun 及 Abdallah 的指引。可是更新的指引對上述份量的可卡因及冰毒並無影響。根據新的指引,販運10克或以下可卡因,量刑基準為2年至5年監禁;販運10克或以下冰毒,量刑基準為3至7年監禁。
8.根據上述的指引:
(1) 販運 2.47 克氯胺酮的量刑基準為27.92個月監禁 [(2.47 克 - 1 克)/ (10 克 - 1 克) x (48 個月 - 24 個月)+ 24 個月];
(2) 販運0.33克可卡因的量刑基準為25.18個月監禁 [(0.33 克 / 10 克 x (60 個月 - 24 個月)+ 24 個月);
(3) 販運5.19克冰毒的量刑基準為60.91個月 [5.19 克 / 10 克 x (84 個月 - 36 個月)+ 36 個月]。
9.本案涉及販運3類危險藥物。雙方沒有爭議法庭應採納混合式量刑(combined approach)。
10.本案中,毒性最高的毒品為冰毒。根據荒謬測試(absurdity test),假設所有涉案毒品均為冰毒,雙方同意量刑基準為74個月監禁。
11.涉案毒品的總重量為7.99克(2.47 克氯胺酮 + 0.33 克可卡因 + 5.19 克冰毒)。根據比例測試(ratio test):
(1) 7.99克氯胺酮的量刑基準為42.6個月監禁 [(7.99 克 - 1 克) / (10 克 - 1 克) x 24 個月 + 24 個月]。氯胺酮所佔份量為 2.47 克,量刑基準為 2.47 克 / 7.99 克 x 42.6 個月 = 13.2 個月;
(2) 7.99 克可卡因的量刑基準為52.8個月監禁 [(7.99 克 / 10 克 x 36 個月 + 24 個月 = 52.8 個月監禁。可卡因重量為 0.33 克,量刑基準為 2.2 個月監禁 (0.33 克 / 7.99 克 x 52.8 個月 = 2.2 個月);
(3) 7.99克冰毒的量刑基準為74.4個月監禁 [7.99 克 / 10 克 x 48 個月 + 36 個月 = 74.4 個月]。冰毒重所佔份量為 5.19 克,基準為 48.3 個月 (5.19 克 / 7.99 克 x 74.4個月 = 48.3 個月)。
(4) 比例測試下,涉案毒品的量刑基準為63.7個月監禁(即氯胺酮的 13.2個月 + 可卡因的 2.2 個月 + 冰毒的 48.3個月)。
12.大律師原本指雖然本案毒性最高的毒品為冰毒,應以冰毒為基準毒品作計算,但以冰毒為基準並不可行,因涉案的氯胺酮及可卡因的量刑基準都無法以轉換法計算,即該兩類毒品的量刑都如同 0 克冰毒。控方則指就算氯胺酮及可卡因的量刑基準無法以轉換法計算,法庭也應以冰毒作為基準毒品:HKSAR v Islam SM Majharul [2020] HKCA 300。最終雙方均同意以冰毒為基準。根據量刑指引:
(1) 5.19克冰毒的量刑基準為60.9個月監禁;
(2) 0.33克可卡因的量刑基準為25.2個月監禁,轉換為冰毒變成 0 克;
(3) 2.47克氯胺酮的量刑基準為27.9個月監禁,轉換為冰毒變成 0 克。
三類毒品的總量刑基準為60.9個月監禁(60.9 個月 + 0 個月 + 0 個月)。
13.當量刑基準並非整數,法庭一般只會考慮整數(round down):R v Siu Chun-chung & Anor CACC 741/1995,1997年5月2 日,未經𢑥編及 HKSAR v Man Man Tai HCMA 966/1999,1999年12月16日,未經𢑥編。換言之,以對被告人最有利的計算方法,初步的量刑基準為 60 個月監禁。
加刑因素
14.沒有爭議的是被告人販運三類不同的危險藥物。這令被告人販運毒品的市場更廣:HKSAR v Yim Hung Lui Ricky CACC 266/2011,未經𢑥編。這是其中一個加刑的原因:HKSAR v Abdallah [2009] 2 HKLRD 437 [32] 及HKSAR v Herry Jane Yusuph [2020] HKCA 974 第 71 段。
15.另外,混合服食某類不同的毒品對身體造成更大的傷害:HKSAR v Chan Yuk Leong CACC 318/2013 第 25 段。被告人販運氯胺酮、含有3,4-亞甲二氧夾基本丙胺(俗稱搖頭丸 Ecstasy)及冰毒的藥丸、含有冰毒,氯胺酮及地西泮(Diazepam)的藥丸、含有冰毒及氯胺酮的藥丸及硝甲西泮藥丸。上訴法庭援引於HKSAR v Lan Chung-wai HCCC 238/2001及HKSAR v Cheung Kwok Leung Lowence [2003] 3 HKLRD 542 指:
“25. More important is the effect on users of combinations of dangerous drugs. In HKSAR v Lan Chung-wai HCCC238/2001 (cited in HKSAR v Cheung Kwok Leung Lowence [2003] 3 HKLRD 542 at paras. 30-32) there was expert evidence that a combination of methamphetamine and ketamine poses a greater harm to the abuser than either taken alone. The reference in Lan Chung-wai to methamphetamine was to both the crystalline form (“Ice”) as well as tablet form. Counsel for the Respondent has not been able to refer us to any authorities referring to evidence of the effect of combining either Ice or ketamine with cocaine.”
16.於HKSAR v Islam SM Majharul(同上),上訴人販運兩類危險藥物(而非Lan Chung-wai所述的氯胺酮及冰毒)。上訴法庭認為適當的加幅為3個月監禁。大律師要求本席採納相同的加幅。Majharul 案涉及搖頭丸及可卡因,而本案則涉及冰毒、可卡因及氯胺酮。混合服用冰毒及氯胺酮令該兩類毒品更加危險。可是本案中沒有於藥丸中預先混合毒品的情況,本案毒品數量亦遠遜Chan Yuk Leong的毒品數量。考慮到本案的整體案情,本席將量刑基準上調 3 個月,即量刑基準為63個月監禁。
減刑
17.被告人適時認罪,可獲三分一的扣減;刑期減為 42 個月監禁。
18.大律師指被告人誤交損友,貪圖500元的快錢,在沒有顧及嚴重法律後果下愚蠢地干犯罪行。被告人現已十分後悔,決定將來洗心革面,不再犯案。他打算從事服務工作,例如酒店、餐廳,但求穩定收入維持生計。另外,被告人於求情信中指出他是初犯,真心懊悔,因此要求本席酌量減刑
19.面對嚴重控罪,被告人的背景及良好記錄一般變得微不足道。Sentencing in Hong Kong 11th Edition 指出:
[7-6] Credit for a clear record is, however, by no means a given. Much will depend upon the nature of the offence and the position of the offender. In HKSAR v Law Num-chun [2014] 6 HKCA 606, 617, Lunn VP said:
[T]he principle is that good character is not a factor relevant generally to determining the starting point to be taken for sentence in serious criminal offences for which a deterrent sentence is required …
[7-11] If the accused is convicted of drug trafficking, age and good character are generally irrelevant: HKSAR v Law Num-chun … In HKSAR v Bugaay [2008] 6 HKC 326, 331, Stuart-Moore VP said:
… In any event, as this court has so often said with reference to cases where serious criminal acts are concerned, a clear record (or good character) in itself is not a factor for which a discount is generally appropriate, and age will usually be relevant only where extreme youth is concerned …
[7-14] The practice of the courts in recent times has been to give an accused who pleaded guilty a sentencing discount of one-third: HKSAR v LO Chi-yip and Anor [2000] 3 HKLRD 270, 270…. The accused who pleads guilty at the outset will receive a full discount irrespective of whether he has a criminal record, is caught red-handed or is genuinely remorseful. Since the ‘one-third rule’ has solidified into principle, there is no scope for a further discount, save in exceptional circumstances, such as where assistance is provided to the authorities. In HKSAR v Yan Wai-ming [2003] HKCU 264 (CACC 417/2002, 26 February 2003, unreported), Stuart-Moore VP said:
In the days before the discount of one-third on timely pleas of guilty became standard practice, previous good character used to be one of many factors which judges would take into account in deciding what discount to give on a plea of guilty. The one-third discount is usually, as we have said on numerous occasions, to be taken as the high watermark of the discount unless there are very special factors to be taken into account.
[7-15] In Secretary for Justice v Ko Wai-kit [2001] 3 HKLRD 751, 757 … Stock JA said that the ‘lack of previous convictions will often be subsumed in the credit given for a plea of guilty’. In Secretary for Justice v Lee Cho-keung and Ors [2004] 4 HKC 179, 189, the court noted that ‘the established course is now to view the presence of good character as part and parcel of the one-third discount given upon a plea’. The element of good character is normally taken as being included in the one-third discount for a plea of guilty’: Secretary for Justice v Tso Tsz-kin [2024] 2 HKC 139, 144 … In Secretary for Justice v Cheng Tsz-hin [2020] 1 HKC 576 … a judge who awarded a two-month sentencing discount to an accused who had been convicted of dangerous driving causing death for his clear record and perfect driving record was said to have erred…
[7-16] The judge who granted an accused who pleaded guilty an additional discount of three months’ imprisonment ‘to take account of her [hitherto] good character’, was said to have erred in Secretary for Justice v Chau Wan-fun [2007] 1 HKC 423, 428 … The discount for a guilty plea already has ‘built into it an allowance for good record where there is one’: HKSAR v Yung Wai-siu [2001] 1 HKLRD 277, 279 … In this context, a clear record is not so much a mitigating factor as a ‘neutral feature in the case’: HKSAR v Wen Zelang [2006] HKLRD 460, 465 …
[7-18] The relevance of good character is related to the circumstances of the accused. Good character sometimes refers to no more than an absence of previous convictions, and this is not a basis for an additional discount: HKSAR v Wong Kam-shing, Jackie [2010] 4 HKC 580, 584 …
20.於HKSAR v Ngo Van Nam [2016] 5 HKC 231,上訴法庭已清楚指出認罪折扣已涵蓋悔意及所有其他求情因素,除非有極特殊的求情因素,否則不應予以額外的折扣。
21.簡而言之,本案中除了適時認罪外沒有任何其他減刑因素。本席判處被告人42個月監禁。
|