李 對 張

Read the full judgment text of FCMC 4305/2013 on BabelCite. This Family Court judgment was delivered on 20 November 2019 before 黃禮榮.

Contempt of court – Sentencing – Non-disclosure of assets – Non-payment of maintenance – Costs – Interest – District Court – Imprisonment ordered – Costs awarded – The respondent was found guilty of two counts of contempt of court. Count 1 involved intentional non-disclosure of assets in mainland China and failure to file court documents. Count 2 involved failure to pay maintenance despite having economic capacity. The court sentenced the respondent to 12 weeks imprisonment in total (2 weeks for Count 1 and 10 weeks for Count 2, consecutive). The court accepted the petitioner's calculation of interest on maintenance arrears and awarded costs of $34,846.40 on a summary basis. The imprisonment order will not be executed if all arrears, interest and costs are paid.

Legal issues: Sentencing for Count 1 - Non-disclosure of assets · Sentencing for Count 2 - Non-payment of maintenance · Costs Assessment · Interest Calculation

Outcome: Contempt of court convictions upheld; Sentencing: 12 weeks imprisonment total (2 weeks for Count 1, 10 weeks for Count 2, consecutive); Costs awarded to Petitioner; Interest awarded on maintenance arrears.

Cited by 1 case · Cites 7 cases

Case No.FCMC 4305/2013[2019] HKFC 297
Court
Family Court
Date20 Nov 2019
Judge黃禮榮
Case Document
100%Judiciary

FCMC 4305 / 2013

[2019] HKFC 297

香港特別行政區

區域法院

婚姻訴訟編號2013年第4305號

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  呈請人
   
  答辯人

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主審法官: 區域法院法官黃禮榮(公開聆訊)
審訊日期: 2019年11月20日
判案書日期: 2019年11月20日

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判案書
(交付羈押︰判刑)

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1.本席在今天頒下判案書,裁定判定債務人兩項藐視法庭罪的罪名成立 (見與本判決書同日的判案書)。

判罰原則

2.高等法院歐陽桂如法官在 Bruno Arboit v. Koo Siu Ying & Anor (無彙報案例 HCMP 2749/2012, 判案書日期 18/5/2016) 一案,詳列藐視法庭判罰之原則 :

Legal principles for sentencing for contempt of court

2. The starting-point is to acknowledge that contempt of civil court orders is a serious matter and that court orders are made to be obeyed.  A prime consideration of the court in sentencing contempt is to “signal importance of demonstrating to litigants that the orders of these courts are to be obeyed”.  By “litigants”, it is clearly referring to litigants in general and not just the contemnor himself.  See Questnet Limited v Wilfred Royce Lane, HCA 1475/2006, Chu J (as she then was), 23 June 2008 (on sentence).

3. The object of the sentence is both to punish conduct in defiance of the court’s order and to serve a coercive function by holding out the threat of future punishment as a means of securing the protection which the order was primarily there to do: Crystal Mews Ltd v Metterick & ors [2006] EWHC 3087, §8, Collins J; re Barrell Enterprises [1973] 1 WLR 19, at 27C-D, English CA.  The court has to balance the 2 objects. 

4. The sentence for contempt may range from a fine to a term of imprisonment.  The UK Contempt of Court Act 1981 imposes a maximum term of 2 years’ imprisonment but Hong Kong does not have that statutory limit.

5. Imprisonment should be regarded as a sanction of the last resort.  Any custodial sentence should be as short as possible consistent with the circumstances of the case.  Willwin Development (Asia) Co Ltd v Wei Xing, HCMP 2946/2014 (unreported, 16 November 2015), B Chu J, §4(f); CMA CGM v Ng Chip Choi Maurice, HCMP 2988/2014, 12 March 2015, Au-Yeung J,§24(1).

6. The court may suspend a term of imprisonment for such period or on such terms as the court deems fit: CMA CGM v Ng Chip Choi Maurice, §24(2); Order 52, rule 7.  This is an “absolute discretion” but it would be difficult to think of circumstances where a suspended order should be made when nothing further remains to be done to comply with the order: Hong Kong Civil Procedure 2016, Vol 1, §52/7/2.

7. The court will consider if there are:

(a) Aggravating factors:  Hao Xiaoying v Wong Yiu Lam William & Ors, HCMP 1968/2014, 2 March 2015, Anthony Chan J;

(b) Mitigating factors: Ge Transportation (Shenyang) Co Ltd v Lu Jinxiang, HCMP 1792/2013 (unreported, 22 January 2014) (DHCJ Marlene Ng);  and

(c) Acts to purge the contempt, ie acts to atone for a contempt, eradicate it or cleanse it of its previous ill-effect which, in the case of a mandatory order, may be fulfilled if the contemnor thereupon does the act or causes it to be done: CJ v Flintshire BC [2010] EWCA Civ 393, at §6.

8. Relevant factors (which are not exhaustive) include:

(a) The nature of the order and breach in question, and the extent of the breach: Questnet Limited v Wilfred Royce Lane.

(b) Whether the contempt was contumacious or unintentional, the reasons, motives and state of mind: Hong Kong Civil Procedure 2016, Vol 1, §52/9/2.

(c) Whether the claimant has been prejudiced by virtue of the contempt and whether the prejudice is capable of remedy: Crystal Mews Ltd v Metterick, §13.

(d) Whether the contemnor appreciates the seriousness of the deliberate breach: Crystal Mews Ltd v Metterick, §13.

(e) Whether the contemnor has cooperated: Crystal Mews Ltd v Metterick, §13.

9. Counsel for Koo and Ling have helpfully compiled a schedule showing the sentences for contempt in Hong Kong in the last 15 years.  Cases which Mr Hew, counsel for the Liquidator, has referred me to on matters of principle also contained sentences in the UK.

10. As circumstances of contempt vary greatly, there is little mileage to be gained from the citation of other cases: AXA China Region Insurance Co Ltd & anor v Li Yu Ping Ellen [2002] 3 HKC 339, 362 H-I, Stock JA.

3.判定債務人並沒有對判刑作任何陳詞。本席現對判定債務人的刑罰作出處理。

第一項指控

4.從口頭訊問的證供可見,判定債務人是蓄意不履行法庭的指令存檔及送達第二份回覆書。他只是在訊問聆訊才承認在內地擁有物業,並於短短的一、兩年間清還了約10萬元人民幣的建築費。這項資產是判定債務人需要在表格E披露的,但他沒有這樣做。判定債權人在日期2017年5月15日的第一份問卷及日期2017年8月14日的第二份問卷亦曾向判定債務人作出相關的提問,但他也是沒有回覆。毫無疑問,判定債務人是意圖隱瞞。本席不認為有任何減刑的因素。本席認為一個短期的監禁是適切的。就此項控罪,本席將判定債務人交付羈押兩個星期。

第二項指控

5.判定債務人由2016年3月開始便沒有支付足額的贍養費。他只是在2016年3月支付了$1,500及在2016年4月支付了$1,000。其後更在2016年5月至2017年8月期間完全停止支付。他只是在2017年9月8日及2017年10月16日分別支付了$3,000及$1,000。故此,在兩份判決傳票所涉及的20個月期間,判定債務人本應支付五萬元卻只支付了$6,500;平均每月只支付了微不足道的$325。雖然判定債務人由2017年12月至2019年7月期間每月定期向判定債權人支付$1,000,但這也同樣是罔顧履行贍養費命令的責任。況且,他始終沒有清還兩份判決傳票所追討由2016年3月至2017年10月的贍養費欠款合共$43,500 ($2,500 x 20個月,扣減2016年3月至2017年10月期間已付$6,500)另加利息。

6.根據本席的裁斷,判定債務人是有足夠的經濟能力履行該贍養費命令的,但他卻只顧自己的享樂及隨自己的意向去決定是否支付贍養費或支付多少,完全不當法庭的命令是什麼一回事。判定債務人明顯是一直罔顧法庭的命令,情節嚴重。

7.再者,判定債務人由2016年3月起拖欠贍養費,直至2017年9月才恢復支付部份款項,直至目前拖欠時期長達3年,令判定債權人須透過漫長的法庭程序作出追討,對她造成困擾和不公平,亦浪費公幣及法庭資源。雖然判監可能會導致判定債務人失去工作,但倘若此交付羈押命令對判定債務人帶來任何經濟上的損失,這完全是他自招的後果。

8.本席並不認為本案有任何減刑的因素。本席認為將判定債務人交付羈押10個星期是合適的。本席頒令,判定債務人須被羈押監禁10個星期。第一項指控的兩個星期監禁與第二項指控的10個星期監禁分期執行,即總共12個星期。

利息

9.崔律師向法庭表示,根據她採用了民政事務局的「贍養費欠款的利息及附加費」網頁內所提供的電腦程式輸入資料而所得出的結果,截至2019年8月2日審訊當日,判定債務人拖欠上述兩份判決傳票追討的贍養費連利息的金額為$53,112.24。截至今日,即2019年11月20日,判定債務人拖欠上述判決傳票的贍養費欠款連利息的金額為$54,248.86。2019年11月20日以後的贍養費欠款每日的利息,以現行判定利率8.125%計算,每日利息為$10.33。

10.本席接納崔律師所計算的利息金額。

訟費

11.判定債權人要求判定債務人支付本申請的訟費及一切附帶費用。 由於判定債權人的申請得直,理應獲判定債務人支付訟費。

12.崔律師提交了向判定債務人申索訟費的明細表,總金額是$34,846.40。她希望法庭以簡易程序評估。本席認為以本訴訟所涉及的性質及事項而言,訟費金額是合理的。

13.本席頒令,判定債務人需支付判定債權人本申請的訟費及一切附帶費用(包括所有保留訟費及2017年11月24日訊問聆訊的訟費),經簡易程序評估為$34,846.40,需即時支付。

14.本席亦頒令,如判定債務人清還所有贍養費欠款、利息及訟費,有關的羈押監禁判令則不予執行。

  黃禮榮
  (區域法院法官)

呈請人 :李女士由法律援助處崔律師代表出庭

答辯人 :張先生(無律師代表)親自出庭

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