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HCMA 238/2022
[2023] HKCFI 52
香港特別行政區
高等法院原訟法庭
刑事上訴司法管轄權
定罪上訴
案件編號:裁判法院上訴案件2022年第238號
(原東區裁判法院刑事案件2021年第2485號)
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| 聆訊日期: |
2022年10月11日 |
| 判案書日期: |
2023年1月6日 |
判 案 書
1.上訴人被控一項盜竊罪,違反第210章《盜竊罪條例》第9條。控罪指她於2021年9月5日在銅鑼灣啟超道4號地下Hello Milk Tee偷竊一件白色短袖衫,而上述物品為Hello Milk Tee的財產。她於審訊後被裁定罪名成立,判處入獄3個月。
2.上訴人不服定罪,提出上訴。
控方案情
3.控方第一控方證人梁女士任職涉案店舖的售貨員。案發時,她在店舖內發現上訴人形跡可疑,舉動鬼鬼祟祟。其後,一名在店舖門外的男子(「該名男子」)向她說上訴人偷了東西,並從上訴人的手袋拿出一件白色T恤交給她。該名男子跟着離開了,梁女士報警處理。
4.梁女士確認閉路電視片段可見上訴人當時身穿白色背心及長裙,在貨場內向着其中一面鏡子把若干衣服併在身上,然後放回貨架的情況。她說涉案的白色T恤放在店舖內的左邊貨架位置。
5.梁女士同意她並沒有看到上訴人取去白色T恤的過程。她亦同意她初期的專注力並非完全集中在店舖外的該名男子及上訴人身上,因為當時她還不知情。
6.第二控方證人是到場調查的警員。他看見上訴人的手袋是背在她身上。他把手袋連同白色T恤一併帶回警署。他初時說在上訴人處理保釋手續時才檢取這個這個手袋,但其後又說手袋在店舖的經理室已被檢取。
辯方案情
7.上訴人案發當日到銅鑼灣買東西。她在案發店舖揀選衣服並把衣服逐一併在身上,因為該店舖不容許客人試穿。她沒有購買衣服就離開,但走錯了方向於是折回店舖的方向。這時她看見店舖近門口位置的左方貨架上掛了幾件白色短袖衫,而她當時因衣衫單薄感到尷尬,所以打算買一件衣服穿上身。
8.她把其中一件拿下來試。突然一名陌生男子搶去她手上的白色衫並說她偷東西。上訴人曾經向售貨員解釋說:「我諗住搵鏡試吓。」其後該名男子把白色短袖衫交給了售貨員。上訴人指她從來沒有將白色短袖衫放進她背在肩上的手袋內。
上訴理由
9.上訴人的上訴理由基本上是指她並沒有偷竊案中的衣服。
討論
10.上訴人指出雖然梁女士聲稱見到她形跡可疑,但由閉路電視片段可以見到,梁女士並沒有留意她。她進一步指出她的手袋一直背在左肩上,而涉案的衣服是她拿在手上,沒有放進手袋。
11.上訴人所提出的都是涉及裁判官的事實裁定。就着控方證人和上訴人證供的可信性和可靠性,裁判官是這樣處理的[1]:
「15. 縱觀第一控方證人梁女士的證供,本席認為她在庭上以平實、毫不隱瞞的態度,交代整件事情的案發經過。本席認為她的證供清晰明確、合乎邏輯,她作供時沒有誇大,證供中肯。例如她中肯地同意辯方所指她並沒有看到被告如何將白色T恤據為己有的過程。她亦中肯地同意辯方所指,在接觸另一名身穿粉紅色上衣的女店員之前,她的專注力並非完全集中在店舖外的男子及被告身上因為當時根本還未知情。
16. 本席認為,梁女士在盤問下的證供亦未受動搖。她直接了當及沒有迴避地回答問題。雖然她在口供內說被告當時手持手袋而沒有明確地說被告左邊肩膊孭著手袋,但本席接納她解釋因為她當時認為並無需要準確地說成孭在肩膊上。本席認為,認為兩者的意思並沒有抵觸,畢竟,梁女士並非堅持被告當時用手拿着手袋而並非孭在左肩上。故此,並不屬於重大的不一致說法那一種情況。這個也可能是警員在錄取口供時用詞不準確而已,屬於輕微的瑕疵,並沒有影響梁女士的證供整體可信、可靠性。本席認為她的證供沒有內在不可能性,她的證供與閉路電視片段相符,並裁定她是誠實可靠的證人。本席當然不會考慮梁小姐所述的傳聞證供。
17. 本席留意到第二控方證人梁警員一方面說在現場已經檢取了被告的手袋,但另一方面卻說在辦理保釋手續時才向被告檢取她的手袋。這方面的證供似乎有不同的版本。但本席認為,警員有可能因為案件已經發生了超過半年的時間而就着這方面的細節已記不清楚。本席亦看不到他有動機要說謊。重點是,他並非在現場看到該名男子如何從被告手袋抽出白色T恤,而且被告的手袋的呈堂性並不爭議。故此本席認為他的證供對於分析本案的主要爭議點作用不大。
18. 本席亦有仔細考慮被告的證供,經本席詳細及小心考慮過後,本席拒納被告的證供理由如下:
(i) 被告一方面聲稱當時已離開店舖正打算乘搭地鐵回家,但另一方面卻說行錯了方向折返時才想起要買一件衣服因為衣衫單薄。本席認為,既然一早已經在店舖內揀選衣服,為何不在當時決定購買,而在折返後才打算購買呢。她的說法令人難以自信;
(ii) 盤問時,她說當她把白色丅恤併在身上時,這名男子已經衝了出來。但根據她的證供,她當時正在尋找鏡子,本席不明白為何她已經把白色T恤併在身上;
(iii) 當主控問到既然早前已經在店舖內的鏡子面前併過衣服,她為何仍然要尋找鏡子呢?她嘗試解釋說每一間鋪頭周圍都有鏡子,不會固定一個位置,有柱的位置都應該有鏡子。她當時已記不起鏡子放在哪裏,因為不是她的家。而且她只到過一次,所以不知道鏡子放在哪一個位置。本席認為她的解釋未能自圓其說,因為她沒有可能記不起鏡子在那個位置。從閉路電視片段可見店舖的鏡子在她聲稱拿取白色T恤的位置相對而言只有幾部之隔而已。
19. 本席認為被告的證供不盡不實,純屬切詞,本席拒絕接納。本席亦不接納她在警誡下所說的說話。」
這個節錄中的被告人就是上訴人。
12.裁判官進一步指出,涉案店鋪的閉路電視片段顯示該名男子是用左手從上訴人左肩膊上的手袋拿出這件白色衣服給梁小姐。這個完全支持梁小姐的證供。
13.很多案例,包括終審庭在周時彬 訴 香港特別行政區[2005] 1 HKLRD 838一案都指出,當涉及事實時,上訴法庭須確認自己並不享有裁判官直接從證人聽取證據的優勢。就著這個議題,亦有很多案例指出,上訴庭須顧及裁判官是耳聞目睹證人作證的過程,而上訴庭則只可以依賴原審的聆訊謄本,及如沒有謄本的話,則須依賴裁判官的裁斷陳述書中控辯雙方的案情扼要。因此,就一個證人的證供是否可信及可靠,是裁判官的範疇,上訴庭不應輕易干預,除非裁判官的事實裁定不合情理,不合邏輯,存在固有的不可能性,或裁判官在處理證供時,就重要事項作出錯誤引述,或有遺漏,或不曾作考慮分析。
14.在答辯人所援引的HKSAR v Ip Chin Kei[2]上訴庭有相同的見解[3]:
‘32. The limitation that an appeal court suffers on a rehearing from not having seen and heard the witnesses was discussed by Bokhary PJ in Ting Kwok Keung v Tam Dick Yuen & Others (2002) 5 HKCFAR 336. In this civil appeal Bokhary PJ said that when dealing with a first instance judgment that turns on an issue of fact “the Court of Appeal must have regard to the nature of that issue of fact and it must have regard to the advantages enjoyed by a trial judge who received the evidence on such an issue at first-hand, in other words in whose presence the whole of the evidence unfolded in its living state”.[4] For a description of these advantages he turned to a passage from Lord Reid’s judgment in Benmax v Austin Motor Co. Ltd [1955]AC 370 at 375. The same passage was quoted with approval by Ribeiro PJ when dealing with a criminal appeal in I v Egan (2010) 13 HKCFAR 314 at 382, [194]. Lord Reid said:
“But the advantage of seeing and hearing a witness goes beyond that: the trial judge may be led to a conclusion about the reliability of a witness’s memory or his powers of observation by material not available to an appeal court. Evidence may read well in print but may be rightly discounted by the trial judge or, on the other hand, he may rightly attach importance to evidence which reads badly in print. Of course, the weight of the other evidence may be such as to show that the judge must have formed a wrong impression, but an appeal court is and should be slow to reverse any finding which appears to be based on any such considerations.”
33. The points made by Lord Reid are well made but he does not explain what the material not available to an appeal court is and why evidence that reads well in print may be lightly discounted by the trial judge or why he may rightly attach importance to evidence which reads badly in print. For an explanation of these matters I believe the eloquent passage of Lord Wright in Powell v Streatham Manor Nursing Home [1935] AC 243 at 267 is particularly helpful:
“But where the evidence is conflicting and the issue is one of fact depending on evidence, any judge who has had experience of trying cases with witnesses cannot fail to realize the truth of what Lord Sumner says: as the evidence proceeds through examination, cross-examination and re-examination the judge is gradually imbibing almost instinctively, but in fact as a result of close attention and of long experience, an impression of the personality of the witness and of his trust-worthiness and of the accuracy of his observation and memory or the reverse. He will not necessarily distrust a witness simply because he finds him inaccurate in some details: he can give such inaccuracy its proper place, particularly if he sees that the witness is tired, or antagonized, or confused, or perhaps impatient, and especially if the matter of the inaccuracy is of minor or collateral importance. But such inaccuracies may appear in a very different light when pointed to as isolated passages in the shorthand notes and abstracted from the human atmosphere of the trial and from the totality of the evidence. The judge will form his impression from the whole personality of the witness: he can allow for the nervous witness, standing up in a crowded Court or worried by the strain of cross-examination. The judge may be deceived by an adroit and plausible knave or by apparent innocence: for no man is infallible; but in the main a careful and conscientious judge with his experience of Courts is as likely to be correct in his impressions as any tribunal, unless perhaps, as some would say, a jury of twelve members is preferable.”’
15.裁判官是公正持平地分析和評估控方證人及上訴人的證供才達致他的事實裁定。他並沒有犯上上述的任何錯誤。本席認為並沒有任何理據要作出干預。
16.雖然案發的時候上訴人仍然在涉案店舖的門口,還沒有離開,但她將這件衣服放進她的手袋內,毫無疑問她並沒有打算付款,而是要偷取這一件衣服。
17.上訴人的上訴理由不成立。
結論
18.定罪上訴駁回,維持原判。
答辯人: 由律政司檢控官黎啟陽代表香港特別行政區
上訴人: 無律師代表,親自應訊
[1] 上訴卷宗第16頁至第18頁裁斷陳述書第15段至第19段。
[2] [2012] 4 HKLRD 383。
[3] 第32及33段。
[4] At 350 D - E。
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