香港特別行政區 訴 體育活動策劃專家有限公司
Read the full judgment text of HCMA 352/2020 on BabelCite. This High Court CFI judgment was delivered on 23 November 2021.
1. 上訴人被控一項「違反許可證內條件」罪 [1] ,經審訊後,裁判官 [2] 裁定上訴人罪名不成立。上訴人申請訟費,裁判官認為上訴人有自招嫌疑行為,所以拒絕了訟費申請。上訴人就拒絕訟費命令提出上訴。
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HCMA 352/2020 [2021] HKCFI 3585 香港特別行政區 高等法院原訟法庭 刑事上訴司法管轄權 命令上訴 裁判法院上訴案件2020年第352號 (原西九龍裁判法院傳票案件2019年第15455號) ________________
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判案理由書 1.上訴人被控一項「違反許可證內條件」罪[1],經審訊後,裁判官[2] 裁定上訴人罪名不成立。上訴人申請訟費,裁判官認為上訴人有自招嫌疑行為,所以拒絕了訟費申請。上訴人就拒絕訟費命令提出上訴。 2.上訴聆訊日,聽畢陳詞後,本席裁定上訴得直,命令上訴人應得原審和上訴的訟費。現交待裁決理由。 控方案情 3.控方指稱,上訴人在2019年3月16日在大欖郊野公園內舉行體育競賽時,違反郊野公園和海岸公園管理局總監 (「總監」) 書面批發的許可證規定,即附加於許可證附件中的一項特別條件:持證人須確保活動的總參加人數不超過500人。 4.原審時,控方傳召了兩名證人:一名漁農自然護理署護理主任 (「PW1」) 和一名漁農自然護理署一級農林督察 (「PW2」)。 5.PW1負責管理大欖郊野公園,審批各類型許可證,包括有組織活動許可證。他獲總監授權執行與案有關的規例。 6.大約在2018年6月16日,上訴人申請「有組織活動許可證」,申請在2019年3月16至17日,舉行一籌款及跑步競賽活動。PW1和其他同事負責處理這申請。過程中,主要是PW1跟上訴人的代表溝通。上訴人呈遞的書面申請和支持文件包含安全計劃,並詳列了參加者衣著和裝備,也列明參加者參賽時須在身上掛上號碼布。 7.PW1和他同事據支持文件內容考慮這申請。在評核支持文件時,PW1相信參加者參賽時必須戴上上訴人指定「布樣」和「樣貌」的號碼布[3]。 8.PW1批准申請,簽發了許可證,許可證附有「條件」和「特別條件」。 9.許可證的「特別條件」第3項訂明「持證人需確保活動的總參加人數不超過500人。如持證人違反此條款,總監或獲授權員可即時撤銷許可證,而持證人將來的申請有可能受到影響。」。 10.PW2在涉案日拍攝了4段影片,攝錄起跑時段的情況,並把4段短片分割成每秒一張相片,數算每秒出現的人有否戴上清晰號碼布,以計算參加者。他說,經點算後,當日參賽者共有943名人士,超過「特別條件」第3項所訂的500人的人數上限。 辯方案情 11.原審時,上訴人傳召了公司項目經理 (「DW1」)。DW1曾比對PW2所攝取的相片和後者數算的參加者細明表,查看其細明表是否準確。他說,他見409名人士身上有明顯號碼布,非如控方所述有943名人士身上有明顯號碼布。 裁判官的裁決 12.最終,裁判官裁定上訴人罪名不成立,主要原因是未能肯定實際參加者的人數超越了規定。 裁判官不批准訟費的理由
上訴理由 14.上訴人由王寶榮大律師代表[5],他為上訴人提出的上訴理由是:裁判官拒絕訟費申請的理由與她的無罪裁決不符。 討論和考慮 15.代表答辯人的高級檢控官卓龍笙支持裁判官的決定,並援引終審法院案例Tong Cun Lin v HKSAR[6] 和Ting James Henry (No 2) v HKSAR[7] 支持她的論點。 16.終審法院在Tong Cun Lin案[8] 有以下裁定:
17.終審法院在Ting James Henry (No 2) 案[10] 有以下裁定:
18.倘若被判無罪的被控人有自招懷疑的行為,法庭於考慮是否將訟費判給他時,是不能忽視這因素的。不過,終審法院的以下裁定,是必須遵從的:
19.上訴時,雙方就上訴人是否在確保參加人數不會超過規定上是否盡了責這議題上花了點筆墨。答辯方力陳[12],上訴人有其責任,但沒有採取任何措施控制人流。 20.本席留意了,裁判官就一項與本案相關的法律議題作出了以下裁定:
21.裁判官有指出,證據上看不到上訴人有查明在場人士是否參加者的措施[15]。 22.從裁判官的最終裁定,她是認為控方必須證明事實上參與是項活動的人數是超越了規定的。 23.上述裁判官就各項法律議題的裁定,並非這宗上訴案雙方的關注點。 24.在這情況下,本席據裁判官的裁定就訟費議題作考慮。 25.裁判官的裁定是,控方必須證明參與是項活動的人數超越了規定。她根據證據作出的事實裁斷是,控方未能證明參與是項活動的人數超越了規定,並據此裁定上訴人罪名不成立。 26.從上述可見,裁判官視實際參加人數是否超越規定是定罪必要基礎,而控方未能證明上述情況,故此並無定罪基礎。 27.本席認為,以本案情況而言,裁判官就訟費的判斷,與她裁定上訴人無罪的決定並不相符。本案的無罪裁定的重要基礎是,裁判官裁斷控方未能證明參加人數超越規定這最基本要證明的事情。 28.基於這個理由,本席裁定上訴人上訴得直,撤銷裁判官拒絕訟費的命令。 29.本席命令:上訴人可得原審和上訴的訟費[16]。金額方面,如果雙方沒有共識,交由聆案官據例判定。
上訴人: 由郭匡義律師行轉聘王寶榮大律師代表 答辯人: 由律政司高級檢控官卓龍笙代表 [1] 違反香港法例第208章《郊野公園條例》(「《該條例》」) 制訂的《郊野公園及特別地區規例》(「《該規例》」) 第 11(1)(a) 及 20(1) 條。 [2] 劉淑嫻女士。 [3] 控方證物P3。 [4] 見裁斷陳述書第78和79段,上訴宗卷第31和32頁。 [5] 原審時,上訴人也是由王寶榮大律師代表的。 [6] (1999) 2 HKCFAR 531。 [7] (2007) 10 HKCFAR 730。 [8] 見註腳6。 [9] 原文參看判詞第535頁D-H:“In considering whether, despite this general rule, he should be deprived of all or part of his costs, the judge exercising the discretion must obviously look to his conduct generally, so long as such conduct is relevant to the charges he faced. This cannot be confined to any particular period of time. Since, however, the discretion is being exercised in the context of an acquittal - the averments constituting the charges having been found by the jury as not amounting to the crimes alleged - it follows that, generally speaking, the conduct most relevant to the matters under consideration must be the defendant's conduct during the investigation and at the trial: How he first responded to the investigators, the answers he gave when confronted with the accusations, the consistency of those answers with his subsequent defence, etc. Wrapped up with this is the strength of the case against the defendant and the circumstances under which he came to be acquitted: These too are relevant to the exercise of the discretion to deprive him of his costs, so long as the judge is not, indirectly, thereby punishing him by taking a view of the facts palpably different from that taken by the jury and reflected in the not-guilty verdict. The person in the best position to weigh those matters is clearly the judge himself.”。 [10] 見註腳7。 [11] 原文見於判詞第735頁B-F:“It may often be the case that a defendant’s conduct during the investigation and at the trial is such that it brings suspicion on himself, providing a ground for refusing him costs. Such conduct has been described as “most relevant” to the discretionary exercise. However, it is incorrect to suggest (and the authorities give no warrant for suggesting) that a defendant can only be regarded as having brought suspicion on himself by virtue of his conduct during the investigation or at trial and not otherwise. The discretion is not bounded by any such inflexible rule. By his conduct prior to the investigation and trial stages, including conduct which formed part of the setting for the charges laid against him, the defendant may plainly have brought suspicion upon himself. There is no reason to ignore such conduct in the exercise of the court’s discretion on costs following an acquittal on the charges laid, provided always that the discretion is not exercised so as to undermine the presumption of innocence, and in particular, provided that its exercise does not involve the court in adopting a position at variance with the defendant’s acquittal by the tribunal of fact.”。 [12] 這也是原審時控方的主要陳詞。 [13] 見裁斷陳述書第36段。 [14] 見裁斷陳述書第46段。 [15] 見裁斷陳述書第72段。 [16] 就上訴人應得上訴訟費這一點,答辯人並無異議。 |
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