香港特別行政區 訴 胡利雲
Read the full judgment text of HCMA 29/2021 on BabelCite. This High Court CFI judgment was delivered on 21 January 2022.
1. 上訴人被控一項「不小心駕駛」罪 [1] 。他不承認控罪,審訊後,裁判官裁定他罪名不成立。上訴人申請訟費,暫委裁判官 [2] (「裁判官」) 拒絕。上訴人就這拒絕訟費申請的命令提出上訴。
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HCMA 29/2021 [2022] HKCFI 382 香港特別行政區 高等法院原訟法庭 刑事上訴司法管轄權 命令上訴 裁判法院上訴案件2021年第29號 (原屯門裁判法院傳票案件2020年第4768號) ________________
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判案理由書 1.上訴人被控一項「不小心駕駛」罪[1]。他不承認控罪,審訊後,裁判官裁定他罪名不成立。上訴人申請訟費,暫委裁判官[2] (「裁判官」) 拒絕。上訴人就這拒絕訟費申請的命令提出上訴。 2.上訴聆訊日,聽畢雙方陳詞後,本席裁定了上訴人的上訴得直,應得訟費。現交待理由。 控方案情 3.這是一宗三車碰撞的交通事故。不受爭議的是上訴人從案發路段左二線駛入左三線時,被控方第二證人駕駛的重型貨車從旁在右邊撞及,上訴人的私家車被推前,撞及停泊在左二線的警車。 辯方案情 4.原審時,上訴人沒有作證,也沒有傳召證人。 裁判官裁定罪名不成立的理由
6.裁判官指出,他見不到上訴人有不小心駕駛而需負上刑責,因此裁定上訴人罪名不成立。 裁判官就訟費申請的裁斷 7.裁判官指出:
8.裁判官在考慮證據所示的情況後,認為上訴人自招嫌疑,甚至令控方相信其案情較實際情況有力,故拒絕上訴人的訟費申請。[8]
上訴理由 10.上訴人由蘇信恩大律師代表[10],他為上訴人提出的上訴理由可歸納如下:
討論和考慮 11.就被裁定無罪的被控人的訟費申請,終審法院在Tong Cun Lin案[11] 有以下裁定:
12.終審法院在Ting James Henry v HKSAR (No 2) 案[13] 有以下裁定:
13.高等法院原訟法庭法官李運騰在香港特別行政區訴曾少寶及另一人[15] 歸納了相關法律原則:
14.一般而言,被裁定無罪的被控人應得訟費[20],但如果有確實原因,例如被控人的行為自招嫌疑,或其行為致使控方認為案件中針對被控人的證據比實際更為充份,法庭可偏離上述原則[21]。每宗案件的情況不會完全相同,法庭應因應個別案件的整體相關情況,運用上述原則作出考慮。 15.倘若被判無罪的被控人有自招懷疑的行為,法庭於考慮是否將訟費判給他時,是不能忽視這因素的。不過,終審法院的以下裁定,是必須遵從的:
16.上訴人被指控的,是她不小心駕駛。根據《道路交通條例》[22] 第 38(2) 條:
故此,裁判官要裁斷的,是上訴人於駕駛時,是否無適當的謹慎及專注,或未有合理顧及其他使用該道路的人。裁判官裁定上訴人罪名不成立,理由必定是他起碼未能肯定上訴人於駕駛時有上述其中一種情況。 17.於這事實裁定之下,裁判官認為上訴人自招嫌疑的其中一項理據來自上訴人於會面時向警員作出的陳述。[23] 18.在原審時,控方打算將記錄了上訴人在調查時向警方作出的陳述的會面紀錄呈堂,辯方反對,故裁判官須就這項證據是否可以呈堂作出裁定。 19.關乎這特別事項,上訴人沒有作證。 20.從辯方呈交的反對理由[24] 可見,辯方提出的指控是:
21.裁判官在聽取證據後,否定該警員有將紀錄向上訴人覆讀的證詞[25],認為這令警員的誠信嚴重受損,行使了酌情權拒絕會面紀錄成為呈堂證據。[26] 22.蘇大律師陳詞說,裁判官在相關陳述已被拒成為呈堂證據下,裁判官不能在考慮訟費申請時予以考慮。 23.在原審時,辯方看來並沒有爭議上訴人是否自願作出陳述,爭議重點是記錄內容是否準確。 24.蘇大律師陳詞說,裁判官在拒讓陳述成為證據下,沒有明確就記錄內容是否準確這爭議點作出裁定。 25.從裁斷陳述書,不見裁判官在這方面有明確裁定,不過,他在考慮訟費申請時,依賴了紀錄內容,本席暫且以這意味裁判官認為相關紀錄是準確的來考慮。 26.裁判官指出,上訴人所說「見左三線無車」,並非實況。本席於察看案發過程的錄影片段後,基於貨車明顯在上訴人的車輛右邊不遠之處,所以對此觀察並無異議。不過,裁判官為何認為這構成自招嫌疑,是因為他認為上訴人說這話是不誠實不可信的、抑或上訴人所說支持控方的指控、抑或有其他思路,裁判官沒有進一步說清楚。 27.此外,蘇大律師也指出裁判官在原審聆訊兩個不同階段曾說的話,都具重要性,顯示了裁判官對事情的判斷:
28.裁判官明確斷定上訴人沒有不小心駕駛,甚至認為對方才有過失。本席的責任並非重新審視這事實裁斷,而是在這事實裁斷下考慮拒絕上訴人的訟費命令是否正確。裁判官既裁定上訴人沒有不小心駕駛,而且根本沒有過錯,根據上文第11 ‑ 15段的原則來考慮,本席認為拒絕訟費命令是沒有恰當理據的。 總結和相關命令 29.基於上述理由,本席裁定了上訴人上訴得直,命令上訴人應得原審訟費。 30.在得知上訴結果後,上訴人也申請上訴訟費,在答辯人沒有反對下,本席也命令了上訴人可得上訴訟費。 31.至於訟費金額,若雙方未能同意,則交由聆案官依例釐定。
上訴人: 由衛氏律師行延聘蘇信恩大律師代表 答辯人: 由律政司高級檢控官陳天樂代表 [1] 違反香港法例第374章《道路交通條例》第 38(1) 條。 [2] 許肇強先生。 [3] 取材先裁斷陳述書第11段,加以整理。 [4] (1999) 2 HKCFAR 531。 [5] (2007) 10 HKCFAR 730。 [6] 裁斷陳述書第4 - 7、12段。 [7] Lai Kwok Fai v HKSAR,FACC 3/2012。 [8] 見裁斷陳述書第13和14段。 [9] 取材自裁斷陳述書第13段,加以整理。 [10] 原審時,上訴人也是由蘇信恩大律師代表的。 [11] (1999) 2 HKCFAR 531。 [12] 原文參看判詞第535頁D-H:“In considering whether, despite this general rule, he should be deprived of all or part of his costs, the judge exercising the discretion must obviously look to his conduct generally, so long as such conduct is relevant to the charges he faced. This cannot be confined to any particular period of time. Since, however, the discretion is being exercised in the context of an acquittal - the averments constituting the charges having been found by the jury as not amounting to the crimes alleged - it follows that, generally speaking, the conduct most relevant to the matters under consideration must be the defendant's conduct during the investigation and at the trial: How he first responded to the investigators, the answers he gave when confronted with the accusations, the consistency of those answers with his subsequent defence, etc. Wrapped up with this is the strength of the case against the defendant and the circumstances under which he came to be acquitted: These too are relevant to the exercise of the discretion to deprive him of his costs, so long as the judge is not, indirectly, thereby punishing him by taking a view of the facts palpably different from that taken by the jury and reflected in the not-guilty verdict. The person in the best position to weigh those matters is clearly the judge himself.”。 [13] (2007) 10 HKCFAR 730。 [14] 原文見於判詞第735頁B-F:“It may often be the case that a defendant’s conduct during the investigation and at the trial is such that it brings suspicion on himself, providing a ground for refusing him costs. Such conduct has been described as “most relevant” to the discretionary exercise. However, it is incorrect to suggest (and the authorities give no warrant for suggesting) that a defendant can only be regarded as having brought suspicion on himself by virtue of his conduct during the investigation or at trial and not otherwise. The discretion is not bounded by any such inflexible rule. By his conduct prior to the investigation and trial stages, including conduct which formed part of the setting for the charges laid against him, the defendant may plainly have brought suspicion upon himself. There is no reason to ignore such conduct in the exercise of the court’s discretion on costs following an acquittal on the charges laid, provided always that the discretion is not exercised so as to undermine the presumption of innocence, and in particular, provided that its exercise does not involve the court in adopting a position at variance with the defendant’s acquittal by the tribunal of fact.”。 [15] HCMA 299/2019,判詞第37段。 [16] Tong Cun Lin v HKSAR [2001] HKLRD 113。 [17] Tsang Wai Ping v HKSAR (2005) 8 HKCFAR 80。 [18] Tsang Wai Ping v HKSAR (2005) 8 HKCFAR 80。 [19] 見《刑事案件訟費條例》第15條。 [20] 見終審法院案例Tong Cun Lin v HKSAR (1999) 2 HKCFAR 531。 [21] 見終審法院案例HKSAR v Pang Hung Fai (No 2) (2015) 18 HKCFAR 1,判詞第3和4段。 [22] 香港法例第374章。 [23] 見上文第 9(2) 段。 [24] MFI-1,上訴宗卷第8頁。 [25] 裁斷陳述書第 10(c) 段。 [26] 裁斷陳述書第 10(e) 段。 [27] 見原審聆訊謄本,上訴宗卷第102頁。 [28] 見原審聆訊謄本,上訴宗卷第93頁。 |
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