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DCCC 1070/2023
[2025] HKDC 2172
香港特別行政區
區域法院
刑事案件2023年第1070號
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| 出席人士: |
梁新燕女士,為外聘大律師,代表香港特別行政區 |
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梁照林先生,由法律援助署委派的朱滔奇律師事務所延聘,代表第二被告人 |
| 控罪: |
串謀作出多於一項傾向並意圖妨礙司法公正的作為(Conspiracy to do acts tending and intended to pervert the course of justice) |
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判刑理由書
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1.本案有 2 名被告人。他們一同被控一項「串謀作出多於一項傾向並意圖妨礙司法公正的作為」,違反普通法並可根據香港法例第 221 章《刑事訴訟程序條例》第 101I(5) 條和第 200 章《刑事罪行條例》第 159A 及 159C 條予以懲處。另外,第一被告於與本案有關的 DCCC 289/2023 一案中被控一項「危險駕駛」。第一被告早已於另一位法官席前承認本案及 DCCC289/2023 的控罪。
2.經審訊後,本席裁定第二被告罪名成立。
案情撮要
3.案情撮要如下:
(i) 2022 年 9 月 3 日午夜後不久,第一被告駕駛一輛 XY 3011 的私家車(涉案車輛)。第一被告將涉案車輛停泊在大埔科研路附近。警車,車牌 US4526(該警車)駛向涉案車輛一旁作調查;涉案車輛突然撞向該警車及另一輛私家車,警車內的警員向第一被告表示身份,但第一被告沒有按命令下車,反而倒車輾過一名警員的腳部,撞向尾隨的另一輛私家車。
(ii) 後來,涉案車輛繼續逃走,在反行車線逆流行駛,幾乎撞到另一輛警車後,繼續高速在創新路逆流行駛及兩次衝紅燈,終於在約凌晨 12 時 12 分停泊在粉嶺車站路粉嶺名都嘉麗閣的停車場(該停車場)。
(iii) 事件中,涉案車輛撞到了該警車及另外三輛車,引致該 4 輛車輛有損毁,及令致警員的右腳第二及第三腳趾挫傷。
(iv) 同日約中午 1200 時,警員 DPC 20416 (控方第二證人)在該停車場找到涉案車輛後作埋伏。同日下午約 1340 時,控方第二證人看見第 2 被告行近涉案車輛,在涉案車輛的車頭徘徊及使用手提電話。之後控方第二證人看見第 2 被告打開涉案車輛的前座乘客位車門,於是立即上前截停第 2 被告。調查期間,DPC 24600(控方第一證人)到達現場。第二被告向兩名控方證人解釋,第一被告較早前將一條涉案車輛的車匙及一張迷你八達通卡交給她,指示她去涉案車輛拿取「生活用品」。
(v) 警方對兩名被告人身上檢獲的流動電話作調查。經 PC 25608(控方第三證人)法理𨰹證後,從第一及第二被告人之間的 WhatsApp 語音及文字通訊中發現,第一及第二被告在第一被告的交通事件發生後至第二被告被截停前,第一被告答應第一被告銷毀第一被告在涉案車輛上的指紋及將第一被告的個人物品移離涉案車輛。
4.2023 年 9 月 15 日 1355 時,第二被告被 DPC 25699 拘捕。
被告人的背景
5.判刑前,本席先傳閱第二被告的背景報告。
6.第二被告現年 32 歲,未婚,曾接受至中三程度教育,沒有刑事定罪紀錄。她是一名單親母親,育有 2 名女兒(分別 6 歲和 3 歲)。第一被告是幼女的生父,第二被告曾任職售貨員。她的幼女於 2022 年 3 月出生。自 2022 年 5 月始,第二被告依靠綜援維生。案發時,第二被告與幼女同住;長女則由第二被告的父母協助照顧。
量刑原則
7.「作出多於一項傾向並意圖妨礙司法公正的作為」是極嚴重的控罪,沒有最高刑期。一般而言,監禁基本是無可避免:HKSAR v Mok Wai-hung[2000] HKCU 961(HCMA 5/2000,2000 年 11 月 28 日,未經彙編)。
8.於 HKSAR v Chong Chong Leong(張忠良)[2013] HKCU 1765:
(i) 經審訊後,上訴人被裁定一項「作出多於一項傾向並以圖妨礙司法公正的作為」罪名成立,被判處 18 個月監禁。他不服定罪及判刑,提出上訴。
(ii) 控方第一證人是一宗區域法院案件(區域法院案件)的主要證人。該區域法院案件中共有三名被告人;他們均為一間上市公司的高層;控罪涉及一項串謀詐騙及 4 項「處理已知道或有理由相信為從可公訴罪行得益的財產」。控方第一證人開始作供前收到上訴人的來電。上訴人自稱受到內地的國安局所托,要求控方第一證人作供時「手下留情」。
(iii) 原訟法庭指:
“85. In R v Tunney (Reynolds) [2007] 1 Cr App R(S) 91: at page 568, the Court of Appeal in England set out the relevant factors in sentencing pervert the course of justice:
In our judgment the sentence which is appropriate for offences of this nature depends effectively in three matters. … The particular factors which the court must have regard to are, first, the seriousness of the substantive offence to which the perverting of the course of justice relates … The second matter which the court must have regard to is the degree of persistence in the conduct in question by the offender. Thirdly, one must consider the effect of the attempt to pervert the course of justice on the course of justice itself …
87. I agree with the principle in Tunney. In my judgment, the nature of the primary offence is relevant in sentencing an offence of pervert the course of justice but a minor primary offence does not necessarily attract a lower starting point …
88. The gravamen of this offence is that ‘it strikes at the very heart of the system by which law and order is enforced in society. If it were to succeed to any appreciable extent, it would completely destroy public confidence in that system. The circumstances of each case vary. It may not be helpful to compare the facts of other cases…
90. In Yeung Sau Shing, Cons JA had this to say in relation to the personal circumstances of an appellant in this kind of offence, at page 132B:
… Strong measures are needed to preserve that confidence and consequently, the personal circumstances of an individual appellant carry less weight in this case than they would in relation to some other crimes.
91. … I agree that the primary offences in the DC trial are serious offences. The appellant had been quite persistent in putting pressure on PW1 … I have no way to assess whether PW1 came up to proof but I would be ready to assume so. This means that the appellant was not successful in perverting the course of justice."
(iv) 原訟法庭認為判刑並非明顯過重,駁回判刑上訴。
9.於香港特別行政區 訴 胡詠東(未經彙編,CACC 132/2015,2016 年 10 月 27 日):
(i) 上訴人和 X 2013 年 7 月結識,8 月開始交往。當時 X 已有一名交往了 8 年的男朋友(控方第二證人)。2013 年 11 月 26 日,上訴人和 X 發生爭執,X 向上訴人提出分手。翌日,控方第二證人便收到發自上訴人手提電話的兩段影片,內容是上訴人與 X 進行性行為的錄像。2013 年 12 月 6 日晚上,上訴人突然出現在 X 住所外的電梯大堂。上訴人把 X 帶到後樓梯,兩人就是否復合而發生爭執。X 試圖逃走,但上訴人分別數次將她推跌、向她「摙頸」以及把她的頭撞向牆上。X 感到痛楚,暈弦及驚慌。後來 X 更失禁,上訴人才停手。之後上訴人強迫 X 進行了性行為。X 在性行為之後發現上訴人的下體有血。後來,上訴人帶着 X 上計程車,打算回上訴人的住所,但 X 堅持計程車到荃灣港安醫院。X 衝入醫院,發短訊給控方第二證人要求他代為報警。警方和控方第二證人到場時,上訴人已不知所踪。就控罪 3,控方指 2013 年 12 月 6 日至 2013 年 12 月 12 日期間,被告人意圖妨礙司法公正,而作出一連串有妨礙司法公正傾向的作為,即誘使和指示 X 就她被襲擊及強姦的投訴,不要向香港警務處作出陳述及 / 或向香港警務處作出虛假陳述。 2013 年 12 月 12 日,上訴人在他的寓所附近被警方拘捕。
(ii) 經審訊後,被告人被裁定「襲擊他人造成身體傷害」(控罪 1)及簡稱「妨礙司法公正」(控罪 3)罪名成立;「強姦」(控罪 2)則罪名不成立。原審法官就控罪 1,判處被告人 9 個月監禁,就控罪 3,判處 2 年監禁,兩罪的刑期分期執行(即共 2 年 9 個月監禁)。被告人不服控罪 3 的定罪和判刑,提出上訴。
(iii) 上訴法庭駁回定罪上訴。就控罪 3 採納 Tunney 案的 原則,指:
「38. 本庭已考慮個案中所有情況。由於 ‘襲擊’ 罪比 ‘強姦’ 罪輕微,本庭認為控罪 (3) 的原有刑期(2 年)是明顯過重,此罪的刑期不應該超過 15 個月。由於兩罪的性質完全不同,控罪 (3) 的刑期仍然需按照原審法官的命令與控罪 (1) 的刑期 (9 個月)完全分期執行,合共 2 年,這個結果並不會違反數罪並罰不能過重的原則。」
10.於 Secretary for Justice v LEE Ying-tung(李映潼)[2023] HKCU 2714:
(i) 答辯人與丈夫及 2 名子女同住。2018 年 12 月 24 日晚上,丈夫離開居所時,於走廊被警方截停。警方表露身份後,丈夫大叫「老婆,有警察,不要開門!」。約 9 分鐘後,於大廈平台的警員發現有人從答辯人單位的主人房擲下一個紅色膠袋。該膠袋內載有超過 976 克固體,內含超過 789 克可卡因;毒品上面放有其他家居垃圾(控罪 1)。不久後,雖然涉案單位的大門用門鎖及防盜鏈鎖上,警方利用從丈夫身上檢獲的鎖匙成功打開大門。經搜屋,警方於主人房的牆櫃發現 2 個透明可再封膠袋,內載有638 克粉末,內含 57.3 克可卡因;於住所的其他位置發現 3 個電子磅、一些沾有白色粉末的透明可再封膠袋及膠紙及一個電磁爐。(控罪 3)。答辯人被拘捕。
(ii) 答辯人承認知道警方在居所外後,意圖妨礙司法公正(即阻礙警方對丈夫的調查及隱藏內含 789 克可卡因的 976 克固體),故意將載有毒品的紅色膠袋從主人房窗口擲往平台。
(iii) 答辯人原與其丈夫一同被控 2 項「販運危險藥物」(控罪 1 及 3)。後來控方加控答辯人一項「作出多於一項傾向並意圖妨礙司法公正的作為」(控罪 2)。控罪 2 是控罪 1 的交替控罪。答辯人承認控罪 2 後,控方要求將控罪 1 及 3 留檔,被判處 84 日監禁 (即量刑起點為 4 個半月)。答辯人的丈夫則承認控罪 1 及 3,被判處 14 年 6 個月監禁。律政司不滿答辯人的判刑,提出判刑覆核。
(iv) 上訴法庭指:
“The appropriate sentence for the offence
71. The Court of Appeal of England and Wales in R v Coslett has recently provided some helpful guidance on the sentencing principles applicable to the offence of perverting the course of justice. Hallett VP, giving the judgment of the court held:
“18. Our attention was invited to the judgment of Stanley Burnett LJ in Tunney [2007] 1 Cr App R(S) 91, in which the court provided some guidance on sentencing for this kind of offence …
19. Other decisions were put before us in which the court has adopted a similar approach. They were said to establish the following principles:
20. A sentence of immediate custody is required in all but the most exceptional circumstances (Attorney General’s Reference No. 35 of 2009 [2010] 1 Cr App R(S) 61 at para. 11).
21. Where the offender’s conduct involves interference with witnesses, this will result in a lengthy custodial sentence, especially where violence is used or threatened to intimidate (for which see Miller [1995] 16 Cr App R(S) 191 and Hall [2007] 2 Cr App R(S) 42).
22. Where the offender provides a false account to the police investigating a serious offence:
‘The general area of starting point for offences in the particular circumstances of this kind is bound to be measured in years rather than months, something probably between two and three years’
23. (Attorney General’s Reference No. 109 of 2019 [2010 EWCA Crim 2382)
24.Where the offender’s conduct involves concealment of evidence, this has similarly led to sentences of immediate Imprisonment in the two to three-year bracket (Mercer [2010] 1 Crim App R(S) 104, a case of which the facts were very similar to the present and in which the Court of Appeal upheld a sentence of three years for a woman who had helped her son to conceal a bicycle that connected him to participation in a murder)”
72. To these principles, we might add the particular need to deter conduct which seeks to subvert the rule of law, a point made by the Court in R v Younis. We respectfully agree with these principles.
73. … it is true that the respondent’s offence involved the single act of trying to conceal almost a kilogramme of cocaine, but in doing as she did, she threw into a public thoroughfare leading to the entrance of the building a bag of toxic dangerous drugs which could have been picked up by anyone, including a child. As it happened, the red bag was fortuitously picked up by a police officer and the course of justice was not ultimately impeded or frustrated.
74. We considered that the starting point for an offence such as this must be visited with a substantial term of imprisonment in order to emphasize the innate seriousness of the offence itself, but also to deter others who are minded to try and conceal or destroy vital evidence of serious crimes. We assessed the starting point after trial at 3 years’ imprisonment …”
(v) 上訴法庭以 3 年監禁作為量刑基準。因答辯人認罪,可獲百份之 25 扣減,刑期減為 27 個月監禁。因該案是刑期覆核及案件的拖延,額外減刑 9 個月,判處答辯人 18 個月監禁。
本案的背景
11.本席先例出本案的整個背景。除了本案的控罪,第一被告同時亦承認另外兩宗案件的控罪(DCCC 1179/2022 及 DCCC 289/2023)。
12.於 DCCC 1179/2022 中,第一被告於 2022 年 4 月 22 日干犯兩項「危險駕駛」(控罪 1 及 2)、一項「抗拒警務人員」(控罪 3)、一項「意外後沒有停車」(控罪 4)、一項「毒駕」(控罪 5)、一項「意圖妨礙司法公正」(控罪 6)及一項「駕駛未領牌車輛」(控罪 7)(詳情見 [2023] HKDC 1758 判刑原因第 1 至 20 段)。2022 年 4 月25 日,第一被告獲觀塘裁判法院批准保釋。2022 年 6 月6 日,第一被告缺席聆訊,法庭發出拘捕令。後來,他被加控一項「沒有依時歸押」(控罪 8)。
13.2022 年 9 月 3 日,第一被告於 DCCC 1179/2022 棄保潛逃期間再干犯 DCCC 289/2023 的 4 項控罪:一項「危險駕駛」(控罪 1)、一項「管有危險藥物」(控罪 2)、一項「管有可吸食毒品工具」(控罪 3)及一項「管有偽造身份證」(控罪 4)。干犯 DCCC 1179/2022 的控罪 1 後,本案兩名被告串謀妨礙司法公正。換言之,DCCC 1179/2022 的控罪 1 是本案的原本控罪(Substantive offence)。
討論
量刑基準
14.大律師援引胡詠東案採納的量刑原則(亦即 張忠良 案及 Tunney 案的原則)。本席同意上述原則適用於本案。大律師績指就 「危險駕駛」罪,第一被告於 DCCC 289/2023 只被判處 14.85 個月監禁,不屬特別嚴重。本席不敢苟同。
15.一經循公訴程序定罪,「危險駕駛」的最高刑期為第 4 級罰款(25,000 元)及監禁 3 年。大律師指第一被告被判處 14.85 個月監禁,但對判刑原因隻字不提。事實上,於 DCCC 289/2023 一案中,法庭以 21 個月監禁作為初步量刑基準。因第一被告是慣犯及於保釋期間犯案,再將量刑基準上調 6 個月(即量刑基準為 27 個月監禁)。最終,因為第一被告承認控罪及向警方提供協助,獲予以 45% 的扣減,法庭才判處第一被告 14.85 個月監禁,取消第一被告的駕駛資格 5 年及下令第一被告必須在停牌期滿前三個月內自費收集和完成一項駕駛改進課程。由此可見,DCCC 289/2023 「危險駕駛」的案情極之嚴重。況且,於張忠良案中,原訟法庭已指出,實質罪行(primary offence)性質輕微,妨礙司法公正罪的量刑起點不一定相應較低(見第 87 段)。況且,大律師本身也承認,第二被告之所以沒有作出妨礙司法公正的作為,是因為她被警方截停。於張忠良案,被告人作出妨礙司法公正的作為,要求控方第一證人「手下留情」。控方第一證人不但沒有理會被告人,還報案處理。因此,被告人並沒成功影響區域法院的審訊。原訟法庭認為 18 個月監禁的量刑基準並非明顯過重。
16.大律師再指,第二被告未作出任何行為便被警方制止,因此「埾持程度」不適用。被截停前第二被告仍未抹去任何第一被告的指紋或取去任何第一被告的物品,對司法公正沒有實質影響。第二被告沒有任何得益。因此本案的情節在同類案件中不算嚴重。大律師續指,法庭處理第一被告的判刑時採納的量刑起點為 18 個月監禁(見判刑理由書第 72 段)。大律師力陳第一被告無疑是本案的主謀,干犯實質罪行後,構思出借第二被告之手消滅罪證的計劃,並透過 WhatsApp 給予第二被告詳細的指示;第二被告表現被動及順從,兩者的罪責較大差異。第一被告是同時面對 3 宗案件共 13 項控罪,還是一名有 16 項刑事定罪紀錄(大部份涉及不誠實罪行及毒品)的慣犯。因此,辯方認為第 2 被告的量刑起點應遠少於 18 個月監禁。
17.首先,這類控罪嚴重之處是它攻擊司法制度的核心;假如成功的話,會完全摧毁公眾對司法制度及法紀的信心:張忠良案第 88 段。
18.第二,雖然本案的第一被告的確有多項前科,而大部份刑事定罪紀錄與不誠實罪行及毒品有關(判刑理由書第 42 段)。可是判刑時,法官是根據案情去獨立衡量每一項控罪的量刑基準。就 DCCC 1179/2022 內「危險駕駛」(控罪 1 及 2)及「毒駕」(控罪 5)量刑時,法庭確實有考慮到第一被告是駕駛控罪的慣犯(判刑理由書第 49 及 58 段),可是就本案作量刑時,法庭從沒考慮第一被告的任何刑事定罪紀錄;第一被告亦非「妨礙司法公正」的慣犯。另外,雖然第一被告當時是面對 3 宗案件共 13 項控罪,但法庭是在衡量總刑期時(而非衡量每項控罪的量刑起點時)才對此作考慮。
19.本席明白「妨礙司法公正」的計劃是由第一被告構思,但第二被告是負責執行計劃的人,兩人各司其職,第二被告是是擔當不可或缺的角色。本席不認為第二被告的罪責較第一被告為輕。
20.大律師提及 HKSAR v CHIM Wing-hong [2023] HKDC 830,並稱之為「有參考價值」的「案例」。首先,眾所周知,這是同級法院的判刑,對本席沒有約束力,亦不是「案例」。
21.於律政司司長對唐健帮及另二人 CAAR 13/2022 [2023] HKCA 896,上訴法庭指:
「35. 第一,雙方於本案存檔了多份區域法院的判刑理由書,希望藉此支持己方立場。本庭在律政司司長 訴 溫達楊案第 27 段已指出:
「… 因為這些判刑,從來就沒有經過上訴而被肯定,也沒有什麼量刑原則可言,對量刑既沒有約束力也沒有參考價值,根本起不了任何指導作用,根本不應稱之為 『案例』…」
況且,「有意圖而傷人」及「暴動 / 非法集結」罪的案情,以及某被告人的背景、犯案動機、於該案所扮演的角色等事項,可謂千變萬化,任何單純對案件判刑作出比較的做法,都不能協助本庭處理原審判刑是否恰當這個議題。歸根究底,控罪要旨(gravamen of the offence)及適用的量刑因素才是重點所在,而非個別案件的判刑。
22.於香港特別行政區 對 劉晉旭及其他人 CACC 243/2021 [2023] HKCA 1098,上訴法庭再次特別指出:
「51. 在完結前特別一提。申請方曾在他們的書面陳詞援引區域法院另一宗二號橋暴動案的原審判刑(香港特別行政區 訴 陳起行 [2021] HKDC 874),作為適用蔡家輝案的支點以支持本案量刑基準過高的主張,結果終被勸退。本庭已在過往指出過多次,在今年的 律政司司長對唐建幫及另二人 [2023] HKCA 886(判案理由書日期: 2023 年 8 月 25 日)又再重申:未經上訴的原審判刑對同級法院沒有約束力,對上訴法庭也沒有任何參考價值,不應被業界用作上訴時的依據。」
23.因此,本席不打算處理上述判刑案件。
24.於李映潼案,被告人有實質的妨礙司法公正行為,將丈夫部份的毒品丟棄。上訴法庭認為適當的量刑基準為 3 年監禁。上訴法庭亦援引 Attorney General’s Reference No. 109 of 2010 [2010] EWCA Crim 2382,指如案情涉及隱藏證供適當的量刑基準為 2 至 3 年監禁。
25.考慮到上述種種因素,適當的量刑基準為 18 個月監禁。
減刑因素
26.第二被告是經審訊後被定罪,不可獲認罪的扣減。
悔意
27.大律師指第二被告在還押期間深切反省,感到非常慚愧及內疚,並承諾不會再犯,要求法庭接受第二被告有真誠悔意,重犯機會低。
28.第二被告不但是經審訊後被定罪,還承認於審訊期間作假證供。她根本全無悔意,只是為了獲得輕判口惠而不實至(paying lip service)。
家庭及個人背景
29.於背景報告及求情信件中,第二被告和她的姊妹指父母一直重男輕女。第二被告思想簡單,性格內向,但一直有工作,奉公守法。第二被告與第一被告育有一名女兒;第二被告希望女兒有一個完整的家庭才沒有與第一被告分手。第二被告的家人異口同聲指第二被告性格單純,不懂拒絕第一被告的無理要求。他們均要求法庭考慮判處第二被告緩刑。
30.首先,「妨礙司法公正」是嚴重的控罪。面對嚴重控罪時,被告人的個人及家庭背景變得微不足道。Sentenceing in Hong Kong 11th Edition 第 6-2 段指出:
“ … ‘[F]actors in relation to personal mitigation carry very little weight in cases of serious crime deserving of substantial sentences for the purposes of retribution and deterrence’. In HKSAR v Godson Ugochkwu Okoro [2019] 6 HKC 249 … Zervos JA explained that ‘ultimately, the punishment of an offender for having committed a crime must be just and proportionate, and serve the public interest in maintaining appropriate standards of behavior by individuals and entities as prescribed by law, and in protecting the community from the harm and consequences of criminal misconduct”
31.於 AG v Yeung Sau Shing [1981]HKC 129,上訴法庭指就考慮「妨礙司法公正」的判刑時:
“ … Strong measures are needed to preserve that confidence, and consequently, the personal circumstances of an individual carry less weight in this case then they would in relation to some other crimes.”
32.況且,犯案時,第二被告已年近三十,有超過 10 年的社會工作經驗,亦是兩女之母。她絕對不可能稱為年少無知。事實上,她於本案的表現亦與辯方的說法不脗合,作假證供時表現極冷靜。
良好品格
33.本席明白第二被告是初犯。Sentencing in Hong Kong 11th Edition 指出:
“[7-6] Credit for a clear record is, however, by no means a given. How much will depend upon the nature of the offence and the position of the offender. In HKSAR v Law Num-Chun [2014] 6 HKC 606, 617, Lunn VP said:
[T]he principle is that good character is not a factor relevant generally to determining the starting point to be taken for sentence in serious criminal offences for which a deterrent sentence is required.
[7-18] The relevance of good character is related to the circumstances of the accused. Good character sometimes refers to no more than an absence of previous convictions, and this is not a basis for an additional discount: HKSAR v Wong Kam-shing, Jackie [2010] 4 HKC 580, 584 … The mere absence of criminal convictions must not be confused with positive, good character, and a simple discharge of duties in a proper manner ‘ does not constitute what is to be regarded as positive good character’: HKSAR v Leung Ping-nam [2007] 5 HKC 413, 427; HKSAR v Chung Ka-hung [2010] HKCU 738 (CACC 349/2008, 31 March 2010, unreported) …
[7-23] If the court decides that the offence is such as to require a deterrent sentence, it may be necessary to select a higher starting point. The clear record of the accused will not, that is, affect the starting point for sentence: HKSAR v Lam Ying-yu [2014] 2 HKLRD 895 … In such circumstances, perhaps because of the magnitude of prevalence of the offence and the need for deterrence, the personal circumstances of the accused will count for little. In Re Applications for Review of Sentences [1972] HKLR 370, 406, Huggins J said:
Of course there will be classes of case where the public interest so manifestly calls for a deterrent sentence that only most exceptional circumstances relating to the offender could outweigh the need to deter others, but we must never rule out that such exceptional circumstances may arise.”
34.於 Attorney General’s Reference No 35 of 2009 [2010] 1 Cr App R(S) 61 第 11 段,英國上訴法庭已指出:
“A sentence of immediate custody is required in all but the most exceptional circumstances”.
35.本案中完全沒有任何極特殊的求情因素。
判刑對家人的影響
36.第二被告的家人指第二被告對 2 名女兒無微不至,如第二被告因入獄而長時間缺席,恐怕會對她們的成長與心理造成難以磨滅的影響。
37.眾所周知,判刑對家人的影響並非減刑因素。Sentencing in Hong Kong 11th Edition 指出:
“[30-130] Family circumstances are often prayed in aid mitigation by convicted persons. However, ‘family hardship which is usually attendant upon the conviction is to be viewed as part of the price and accused must pay for the crime’: HKSAR v Li Kwok-ching [2005] HKCU 1702 (HCMA 1132/2005, 30 November 2005, unreported). Those who commit offences should keep in mind ‘the principle that the effect of imprisonment upon an offender’s family is not a factor normally to be taken into account’: HKSAR v Chan Kin-chung [2002] 4 HKC 304, 321. Family circumstances, in any event, ‘a matter which a wise man would take into consideration before he commits an offence and not after’: HKSAR v To Yiu-cho [2009] 5 HKLRD 309, 311…
[30-131] An accused must appreciate that his family will suffer ‘if he is caught and convicted’: R v Shipra [1988] HKC 412 … If the accused is convicted and sentenced as a rapist, this may have unfortunate consequences for his family, but ‘this is often the tragedy in such cases: HKSAR v Chan Tung-hung Band [2010] 3 HKC 304, 307 … In HKSAR v Shum Chung-wai [2002] 2 HKLRD 81, 87, Luger-Mawson J said: ‘This court has said many times that family circumstances should be disregarded, particularly when sentences for serious offences are concerned’. When a robber sought early release so he could look after his sick wife, this was refused by Poon JA, because he ‘knew full well of her circumstances when he committed the present offence’: HKSAR v Thapa Krishna Kumar [2023] HKCU 5053 …
[30-132] … A convicted drug trafficker cannot expect to ‘pray in aid the need to look after her daughter, unfortunate for the daughter though that may be’: HKSAR v Wong Cheuk-lam [2002] HKCU 28 (CACC 280/2001, 11 January 2002, unreported); HKSAR v Law Hoi-yan [2014] 5 HKLRD 517 …If serious crime is involved, personal factors may have to be disregarded: Attorney General v Chan Chi Mei-wah [1990] 1 HKLR 190, 193… In Attorney General v Yan Chun-fong [1993] 1 HKCLR 42, 45 … Cons VP explained:
We also have in mind the need to deter others, even those with happy family backgrounds, and successful children, who might, in severely straightened circumstances, be tempted to resort to crime to solve these difficulties.
[30-135] … In HKSAR v Pham Thi Tam [1998] HKCU 2504 (HCMA 1062/1998, 10 December 1998, unreported), it was noted that ‘young children do not operate as humanitarian grounds’ …
[30-137] in R v Whitehead [1996] 1 Cr App R(S) 111, 114, it was said that whilst the courts are reluctant to imprison the mothers of young children, ‘sometimes they have no alternative’. If other suitable family members are available to look after the children of the accused, the court may proceed to sentence the mother on that basis: HKSAR v Cheung Suet-ting [2010] 6 HKC 249, 259 …”
38.根據背景報告,第二被告的家人一直都有協助照顧那兩名女兒。兩名女兒現與第二被告的家人同住,一家人相處融洽,關係緊密,兩名女兒健康活潑。大律師指判刑會對兩名女兒的成長與心理造成難以磨滅的影響之說全無基礎。
39.本案中根本沒有任何減刑因素。本席下令判處第二被告 18 個月監禁。
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