香港特別行政區 訴 鄭偉明
Read the full judgment text of DCCC 809/2019 on BabelCite. This District Court judgment was delivered on 22 April 2020.
1. 被告人承認「危險駕駛引致他人死亡」罪,違反香港法例第374章《道路交通條例》第36(1) 條。
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DCCC 809/2019 [2020] HKDC 251 香港特別行政區 區域法院 刑事案件2019年第809號 -----------------------------
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--------------------- 判刑理由書 --------------------- 背景 1.被告人承認「危險駕駛引致他人死亡」罪,違反香港法例第374章《道路交通條例》第36(1) 條。 同意案情撮要 2.新界葵涌麗瑤街(下坡路段)FC 1116號燈柱附近的斑馬線(“斑馬線”)發生一宗交通意外,涉及被告人所駕駛的登記號碼JF 1316公共小巴(綠色專線小巴第91號線)(“小巴”)。 3.2019年4月3日,被告人駕駛該小巴由浩景臺前往荃灣鹹田街。約0750時,被告人沿麗瑤街落斜駛往麗祖路。被告人拐過一個左彎,到達涉案斑馬線 (即麗瑤街 FC 1116號燈柱附近的斑馬線) 。與此同時,蔡樂建(64歲)(“死者”)從左方行人路踏進該斑馬缐。小巴的左車頭倒後鏡及左前角撞到死者,死者被撞飛彈,在路旁着地(“意外”)。案件報警處理。 4.案發期間,天氣良好,路面乾爽且維修妥善,照明充足,交通狀況正常。涉案路段的車速限制為每小時50公里。 5.同日約0759時,救護隊目15925(“控方第一證人”)到達現場。死者送院,不省人事,最終於2019年4月4日去世。 6.同日約0820時,警員12431 (“控方第三證人”) 到達現 7.途人馮鈞權 (“控方第四證人”)在附近目睹部分意外經過,並說出一些事情,其中包括:
8.何焯鴻(“控方第六證人”)當時沿麗瑤街上坡路段駕駛的士,其後向警方提供的士汽車攝影機片段。相關片段顯示案發期間:
9.警員11213(“控方第五證人”)用涉案小巴進行視線測試(“測試”)。測試顯示一些結果,其中包括:
10.涉案小巴的車速顯示器顯示小巴的最高車速為每小時43.2公里。 11.2019年4月3日1055時至1135時,被告人進行警誡會面,表示: “我嗰陣揸緊小巴下斜,未駛入斑馬線區前,已見到佢男途人,企喺行人路邊石壆,背靠欄杆,我車駛近時,佢背向我車,踏出嚟馬路,唔知佢行出馬路幾多步,我車左車頭撞到佢,佢受傷” 。 12.被告人進行檢查呼氣測試,讀數結果為零。現場沒有發現剎車痕。涉案小巴經檢驗,發現並無機件故障。 13.案發期間,被告人在道路上危險駕駛涉案小巴,引致蔡樂建死亡。 被告人之定罪紀錄 14.被告人於1979年有一盜竊定罪獲判感化。另外,被告分别在2011年及2016年均有不小心交通定罪紀錄,分别被罰款900及2,500元。 減刑陳詞 15.被告人現年69歲,小六教育程度,已婚人士,有4名已成年子女,以職業司機為生,月入一萬二千多元。辯方呈上求情信,顯示被告人是一位盡責好丈夫、好父親、好兒子。被告人表示悔疚。 16.扼要而言,辯方大律師強調被告人個人品格良好,並引述一些䅁例,要求法庭接納本案屬於案例中所提及四種罪責中屬「中度罪咎」中較低的一種,即刑期2至3年監禁 (她倡議2年)。至於強制性的停牌及駕駛改進課程,辯方沒有進一步陳詞。 判刑 17.本席考慮了控辯雙方提供的䅁例。 18.「危險駕駛引致他人死亡」 罪的最高刑罰是第5級罰款及監禁10年。 19.首先,本席援引上訴庭在律政司司長訴潘永基及另一人[2007] 1 HKLRD 660 一案中所提到的以下判刑考慮因素:
20.在潘永基案後,有關「危險駕駛引致他人死亡」罪的判刑方面,上訴庭在Secretary for Justice v Liu Kwok Chun(廖國鎮) CAAR 3/2009一案中有更詳盡考慮。 21.雖然廖國鎮案控罪被干犯時的法定刑罰上限是5年監禁,而非現在的10年監禁,但是Cooksley的判刑指引則以當時英國的最高刑罰10年監禁為基礎,可以協助本席考慮判刑。上訴庭進一步把加重罪責因素分為4大類:「高罪責」、「慣性以低於可接受標準駕駛」、「控罪的後果」、「案發時的不負責任行為」。上訴庭在案例第39段列出一些法庭在判刑時應該考慮的求情因素,包括良好駕駛紀錄、沒有前科、適時認罪、真誠的震驚或悔意、年紀及駕駛者本身在意外中也受傷。上訴庭然後建議可以把罪責程度與Cooksley案例中的建議刑期比對。 22.上訴庭在香港特別行政區訴陳水華CACC 518/2011援引Cooksley,指出危險駕駛罪責分4級。一端為意外發生屬駕駛者的一時判斷錯誤。另一端則為最嚴重的,即駕駛者自私地罔顧其他道路使用者或自己乘客的安全,或駕駛帶某程度上的魯莽。視乎其他在Cooksley一案第15段提到的加重罪責因素的存在,這兩極間存在不同程度的危險駕駛罪責。
23.本案較嚴重的犯䅁情節包括事發地點是俗稱「斑馬線」的「行人過路處」[1], 事發時間是4月3日上午7時多,視線無阻,天氣良好,路面乾爽。死者剛踏出「斑馬線」就被撞。顯然被告人明知「斑馬線」的存在而沒有作出減速,沒有讓「斑馬線」上的行人先行[2]及專注的準備,事發時完全沒有及早察覺死者的存在是嚴重偏離應有及合理的駕駛水平,屬危駕中的中度罪咎行為。可知道沒有適當駕駛態度及能力會把交通工具變成殺人武器,法庭不斷強調此點。 24.本席同情被告人所需要背負的刑罪,但是至少被告人仍然可以與家人見面、說話。死者的家人則已經永遠沒有這機會。 25.因此,本席採納27個月為量刑基準,因被告人適時認罪獲扣減1/3,最終被判監18個月。此外,根據《道路交通條例》,本席命令取消被告人駕駛資格5年及命令被告人修習和完成一項駕駛改進課程,並須於停牌令最後三個月內自費修習及完成駕駛改進課程。
[1]在Secretary for Justice v Lam Siu Tong[2009] 5 HKLRD 601。上訴庭在判詞第19及20段指出︰
[2] 已違反香港法例374章第31條。 [i]R v Cooksley & Ors: [2003] 3 All ER 40 1. An immediate custodial sentence will generally be necessary in respect of a person who has been convicted of causing death by dangerous driving. Aggravating factors include: (a) consumption of drugs (including legal medication known to cause drowsiness) or alcohol; (b) excessive speed, racing, competitive driving or 'showing off'; (c) disregard of warnings from fellow passengers; (d) a prolonged, persistent, and deliberate course of very bad driving; (e) aggressive driving, eg driving much too close to the vehicle in front, persistent inappropriate attempts to overtake or cutting in after overtaking; (f) driving while unavoidably distracted, eg by reading or by use of a mobile telephone (especially if hand-held); (g) driving when knowingly suffering from a medical condition that significantly impairs driving skills; (h) driving when knowingly deprived of adequate sleep or rest; (i) driving a poorly maintained or dangerously loaded vehicle, especially where that has been motivated by commercial concerns; (j) other offences committed at the same time, eg driving without ever holding a licence, driving while disqualified, driving without insurance, driving while a learner without supervision, taking a vehicle without consent, driving a stolen vehicle; (k) previous convictions for motoring offences, particularly offences involving bad driving or the consumption of excessive alcohol before driving; (l) more than one person killed as a result of the offence, especially if the offender knowingly puts more than one person at risk or the occurrence of multiple death is foreseeable; (m) serious injury to one or more victims in addition to any death(s); (n) behaviour at the time of the offence, eg failing to stop, falsely claiming that one of the victims was responsible for the crash or trying to throw the victim off the bonnet by swerving in order to escape; (o) causing death in the course of dangerous driving in an attempt to avoid detection or apprehension; and (p) committing the offence while on bail. 2. Mitigating factors include: (a) a good driving record; (b) the absence of previous convictions; (c) a timely plea of guilty; (d) genuine shock or remorse (which may be greater if the victim is either a close relation or a friend); (e) the offender's age (but only in cases where lack of driving experience has contributed to the commission of the offence); and (f) the fact that the offender has also been seriously injured as a result of the offence, but only very serious, or life-changing, injury should have a significant effect on the sentence. 3. In cases where there are no aggravating circumstances, the starting point for adult offenders, even when there is a plea of guilty, is a custodial sentence of perhaps 12 to 18 months, a custodial sentence only being avoidable if there are exceptional mitigating features. A starting point of two to three years is appropriate for an offence involving a momentary dangerous error of judgment or a short period of bad driving but which has been aggravated by an habitually unacceptable standard of driving on the part of the offender (aggravating factors (j) or (k)), by the death of more than one victim or serious injury to other victims (aggravating factors (l) and (m)) or by the offender's irresponsible behaviour at the time of the offence (aggravating factors (n) to (p)). It is possible to foresee circumstances, particularly where more than one of those aggravating factors are present, where five years may be appropriate. When the standard of the offender's driving is more highly dangerous (as indicated, for example, by the presence of one or two of aggravating factors (a) to (i)), a sentence of four to five years is the starting point in a contested case. For contested cases involving an extremely high level of culpability on the offender's part, the starting point is six years. |
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