香港特別行政區 訴 李燕如
Read the full judgment text of CACC 81/2008 on BabelCite. This Court of Appeal judgment was delivered on 14 October 2008 before 張澤祐, 朱芬齡, 張慧玲.
Criminal law – dangerous drugs – trafficking methamphetamine hydrochloride (ice) – simple possession of ice – sentencing – leave to appeal against sentence – Criminal appeal – whether starting points and aggregate sentence manifestly excessive – Sale of 0.51g of ice to a 16-year-old – Possession of 0.48g and 1.51g of ice for personal use – First charge: whether 3 years was manifestly excessive starting point for trafficking less than 1g of ice; held, yes, appropriate starting point is 2 years – Whether selling to a minor is an aggravating factor; held, yes, but does not justify 3 years given the very small quantity – Second and third charges: whether 12-18 months starting point range applied to very small quantities of ice; held, no, quantity is the main governing factor and 6 months and 9 months are appropriate starting points for 0.48g and 1.51g respectively – One-third discount for early guilty plea to possession – Whether 6-month upward adjustment for 'latent risk' was justified where trafficking had not been proven; held, questionable – Whether aggregate sentence of 3 years 3 months was manifestly excessive; held, yes, given total quantity of only 2.5g – Whether sentences should be consecutive or concurrent; held, concurrent – Total sentence reduced to 2 years' imprisonment – Leave to appeal granted, appeal allowed, sentences reduced on all three counts to 2 years, 4 months and 6 months running concurrently – District Court trial – Court of Appeal – HKSAR v 程國雄 followed on trafficking guideline – HKSAR v 楊錦進 applied on discretion to set starting point below 3 years for very small quantities – HKSAR v Wan Sheung Sum and HKSAR v Mok Cho Tik applied on starting point for possession – Three-step approach for simple possession of ice: (1) starting point 12-18 months, (2) latent risk enhancement, (3) discount for mitigating factors such as guilty plea.
Legal issues: Whether 3 years' imprisonment was excessive as starting point for trafficking 0.51g of ice to a 16-year-old · Whether 12-18 months was appropriate starting point for possession of 0.48g and 1.51g of ice · Whether the 6-month upward adjustment for 'latent risk' was justified · Whether the total sentence of 3 years 3 months was manifestly excessive
Outcome: Leave to appeal against sentence granted and treated as the substantive appeal. Appeal allowed. Sentences reduced on all three convictions.
Cited by 15 cases · Cites 3 cases
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CACC81/2008 香港特別行政區 高等法院上訴法庭 刑事司法管轄權 減刑上訴許可申請 案件編號:刑事上訴案件2008年第81號 (原區域法院刑事案件2007年第920號) ----------------------
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聆訊日期:2008年9月25日 判案日期:2008年9月25日 判案理由書日期:2008年10月14日 ---------------------- 判案理由書 ---------------------- 原訟法庭法官朱芬齡頒發上訴法庭判案理由書: 1.申請人在區域法院被控三項販運危險藥物的罪名。三項控罪所涉的危險藥物都是甲基苯丙胺鹽酸鹽(俗稱「冰」),有關的份量分別是0.51 克、0.48 克和1.51 克,即共重2.5 克。 2.申請人否認三項控罪,但承認管有第二及第三項控罪所涉的危險藥物。 3.經審訊後,申請人被裁定首項販運危險藥物罪罪名成立。至於第二及第三項控罪,原審法官裁定販運罪名不成立,但管有危險藥物的罪名成立。 4.2008 年2 月15 日,申請人被判處下列刑罰:
第二及第三項刑期同期執行,但其中3 個月刑期與首項刑期分期執行,總刑期是3 年3 個月。 5.申請人就刑期提出上訴許可申請。 案情 6.經裁定的案情指申請人在2007 年7 月11 日,在新界沙田九港鐵路大圍站,把首項控罪所涉的0.51 克「冰」以100 元出售給同案的另一名被告人,該名被告人案發時是16 歲。 7.同日,警方在申請人的手袋裡搜出一包紙巾,內藏有第二控罪所涉的0.48 克「冰」。在警誡下,申請人承認那些「冰」是供自己食用。 8.稍後,警方在申請人的住所內,搜獲第三項控罪所涉的兩包「冰」,共重1.51 克。申請人在警誡後,亦承認這些「冰」是她自己食用的。 原審法官的判刑 9.就首項控罪 ,原審法官認為申請人把危險藥物出售予祇有16 歲的年青人令案情更加嚴重,因此判處3 年監禁。 10.就第二及第三項定罪,原審法官在考慮HKSAR v. Mok Cho Tik [2001] 1 HKC 261的案例後,採納12 個月監禁作為量刑起點。他在「判刑理由書」第 16 段中進一步說:
11.基於申請人承認管有兩項控罪所涉的「冰」,原審法官給予三分之一折扣,把刑期從18 個月下調至12 個月監禁,兩項刑期同期執行。 12.在考慮整體量刑原則後,原審法官把第二項及第三項刑期的3 個月監禁與第一項控罪的3 年刑期分期執行,因此總刑期是3 年3 個月。 第一項控罪的量刑基準 13.按香港特別行政區訴程國雄[1991] 2 HKLR 25案所定的判刑指引,販運10 克以下的「冰」,量刑基準是3至7 年。 14.在香港特別行政區訴楊錦進CACC427/2004案,法庭指出在販運少量「冰」的案件中,法官並非必須以3 年作為量刑基準。法官是具有酌情權,可因應實際涉及的「冰」毒份量,採納一個低於3 年的量刑基準(見判案書第 16至18 段)。 15.在本案中,首項控罪所涉的「冰」祇是0.51 克。本庭同意原審法官指出售危險藥物予年青人是一項使案情更加嚴重的加刑因素。即使如此,本庭仍認為以這樣少份量的「冰」毒,3 年的量刑基準乃是明顯過高。在考慮申請人向年僅16 歲年青人出售危險藥物的加刑因素後,本庭認為首項控罪的量刑基準應是兩年監禁。 第二及第三項控罪的量刑基準 16.就第二及第三項判刑,梁大律師引述HKSAR v. Wan Sheung Sum [2000] 1 HKLRD 405案第 407 頁C–H 行的判詞 (1)。上訴法庭在其後的HKSAR v. Mok Cho Tik [2001] 1 HKC 261案中,就HKSAR v. Wan Sheung Sum案及該部份判詞所援引的三宗案例有所論述。上訴法庭明確指出:(2)雖然就管有危險藥物罪而言,如所涉危險藥物的份量是吸毒者一般會管有的份量,則量刑起點是介乎12 至18 個月監禁,及區域法院和高等法院的案件尤其會採用這個量刑起點,但這並不表示這個量刑起點便是唯一的合適量刑起點。上訴法庭同時指出如涉案毒品份量是很少,裁判官可因應情況判予較短的刑期。尤為重要的是上訴法庭强調,被告人管有的危險藥物的份量是量刑起點的主要決定因素。 17.在本案中兩項管有危險藥物的定罪所涉的「冰」祇有0.48 克和1.51 克,是屬於極少的份量。在HKSAR v. Wan Sheung Sum案,有關的危險藥物是34 克海洛英;而在該判詞中提及的三宗案例中,有關的「冰」毒的份量介乎26.61 克至95.36 克。雖然本案是在區域法院進行審訊,但以這樣少份量的「冰」毒,12至18 個月監禁明顯不是合適的量刑起點。本庭認為就第二項定罪,合適的量刑起點應是6 個月監禁。至於第三項定罪,合適的量刑起點應是9 個月監禁。 18.就原審法官基於「潛在風險」的因素把兩項管有危險藥物的刑期上調6 個月的決定,本庭亦有所保留。申請人本被控販運該兩項定罪所涉的「冰」毒,但原審法官認為販運罪名未獲證實。在此情況下,加上原審法官接納申請人是吸毒者及有關的「冰」毒是極少量,原審法官認為存在申請人與他人共用或向他人出售有關「冰」毒的潛在風險而須把刑期上調6 個月的做法,有值得商榷之處。尤其是第二項定罪,有關的0.48 克「冰」毒是從申請人攜帶的手袋中搜獲,而申請人當時剛把另一小包「冰」毒出售給另一名被告人。原審法官既裁定在這些情況下,販運罪名未獲證實,而接受申請人僅是管有該小包「冰」毒,卻在判刑時認為存在出售或共用該包「冰」毒的「潛在風險」,這是難以理順的。本庭亦無法從「判刑理由書」得悉「潛在風險」是由哪些因素引發,以及原審法官採用甚麼因素來評估風險的幅度。 19.本庭認為,就第二及第三項定罪,經考慮申請人因自開始便承認管有所涉危險藥物後,適當的刑期應分別是4 個月和6 個月監禁。 總體量刑的考慮 20.按原審法官就三項定罪所採納的量刑起點,其總和是5 年監禁。有鑑於本案有關的「冰」毒的總重量祇是2.5 克,即使申請人被裁定三項販運危險藥物的罪名全部成立,按香港特別行政區訴程國雄案所定的判刑指引,有關的量刑起點亦不會高達5 年監禁。由此得見,原審法官就各項定罪所採納的量刑起點是明顯過高。至於原審法官最終採納的3 年3 個月監禁總刑期,在本案的情況下,尤其是考慮所涉危險藥物的份量後,明顯是過重。本庭認為合適的總刑期是兩年監禁。本庭因此認為三項刑期應同時執行。 總結 21.本庭批准申請人就刑期的上訴許可申請,並視之為正式上訴。本庭批准申請人的上訴,把三項定罪的刑期分別減為兩年、4 個月及6 個月的監禁;三項刑期同期執行,總刑期是兩年監禁。
答辯人:由律政司高級檢控官梁卓然代表。 申請人:無律師代表,親自出庭。 (1) “In determining an appropriate sentence for an offender who is a bona fide user and is convicted of simple possession of heroin or methamphetamine hydrochloride (ice), the authorities indicate that the judges should adopt a three-step approach. (See: HKSAR v Chan Yat-sing, CACC777/1997; HKSAR v Lau Chi-chiu, CACC395/1998;HKSAR v Lai Kam-sang, CACC578/1998). In all of these cases, the three-step approach was emphasised and the accepted range of sentence for simple possession was taken as being between twelve to eighteen months’ imprisonment. It appears likely, from the limited transcript available to us, that the judge’s attention was unfortunately never drawn to these previous judgments. We are particularly indebted to Mr. Blanchflower, on behalf of the Respondent, for having summarised what those steps are, but they are very simple and they come to this:
(2) 原文為(第267 頁B至D行): “Sentencing is an art, and we emphasize that the starting points and the degrees of enhancement for the risk factor must bend to the circumstances of each case. We remain of the view that the starting point for mere possession of a quantity of dangerous drugs which a bona fide user would normally have in his possession should be in the range of 12 to 18 months, (and that is the range that has been adopted particularly for cases in the District and High Court). But that is not the be all and end all of the appropriate starting point. It assumes cases in which a sentence of imprisonment rather than a rehabilitative measure is deemed necessary; and it does not seek to exclude magistrates from imposing lesser terms for very small quantities where the circumstances so warrant. Obviously the quantity will be the main governing factor which will determine where the starting point will lie.” |
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