香港特別行政區 訴 謝學林

Read the full judgment text of CACC 85/2005 on BabelCite. This Court of Appeal judgment was delivered on 11 August 2005 before 胡國興 VP, 鄧國楨 JA.

Criminal law – sentencing – s.17 offence – causing grievous bodily harm with intent – appeal against sentence – premeditated attack on unarmed victim – applicant stabbed sister-in-law from behind with 8-inch knife, blade penetrating left upper lung lobe to front chest wall – applicant then struck victim's head and neck with cleaver – victim grabbed cleaver to prevent further injury – victim required emergency surgery and 4-5 days in ICU, made full recovery without permanent injury – applicant pleaded guilty – sentencing range for s.17 offences 3-12 years with no fixed guidelines, each case depends on facts – whether 12-year starting point manifestly excessive – whether case fell within most serious category of s.17 offences – applicant has limited intelligence (Full-Scale IQ 74, among poorest 5% of test norm) – prior 51 convictions mostly drug-related – case less serious than typical s.17 cases involving permanent and serious injury to victim – appeal allowed, starting point reduced from 12 to 9 years – 1/3 discount for guilty plea applied – final sentence reduced from 8 to 6 years imprisonment

Legal issues: Appropriate sentencing starting point for s.17 offence of causing grievous bodily harm with intent

Outcome: Appeal against sentence allowed; sentence reduced from 8 years to 6 years imprisonment

Cited by 28 cases · Cites 3 cases

Case No.CACC 85/2005[2005] 3 HKLRD 18[2005] HKLRD 344
Court
Court of Appeal
Date11 Aug 2005
Judge胡國興 VP, 鄧國楨 JA
Case Document
100%Judiciary

CACC 85/2005

香港特別行政區

高等法院上訴法庭

刑事司法管轄權

案件編號:刑事上訴案件2005年第85號

(原本案件編號:高等法院刑事案件2004年第337號)

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答辯人 香港特別行政區  
   
申請人 謝學林  

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主審法官: 高等法院上訴法庭副庭長胡國興
  高等法院上訴法官鄧國楨
聆訊日期: 2005年8月11日
判案書日期: 2005年8月11日

判案書

高等法院上訴法庭法官鄧國楨頒下本庭判案書:

1.申請人在案發時44歲。2004年7月6日,申請人用一把8吋長的刀(刀刃長4吋)插入其弟婦(即受害人)的背部左胸壁,刀刃穿過左上肺瓣至前胸壁,削去腔壁肋膜。受害人需要接受緊急手術,在深切治療部一共住了4,5天。

2.申請人除了用刀從受害人背後插了一刀之外,他再揮動另一把菜刀向受害人的頭部砍下,所以受害人的頸項及肩膊都被砍中,如果當時受害人不是用手抓住這把菜刀的刀刃及刀柄以免再受襲擊,相信受害人的傷勢會更嚴重。

3.原審法官採用12年為起點,因申請人認罪,得到1/3刑期扣減,故此,申請人被判入獄8年。

4.在判刑時,張慧玲暫委法官說:

「本席認為喺本案不管係誰是誰非,事實上被告同受害人之間係結怨。被告係喺有預謀嘅情況之下襲擊受害人。當時受害人手無寸鐵,而被告人係喺後面襲擊佢,喺佢嘅背部插咗一刀,繼而係用菜刀向呢個被告人嘅頭部襲擊,睇起嚟好似真係要想將受害人置諸死地。好可幸,受害人喺接受咗緊急手術之後情況好轉,傷口係完全癒合良好。」

5.再者,申請人曾有44次出庭,共51次犯罪紀錄,但大部份與毒品有關。上訴庭曾不只一次地說,本案之罪行是沒有判刑指引,每宗案件的判刑起點要端視案情而定。上訴庭在袁偉渠 (HKSAR and Yuen Wai Kui, CACC 280/2004) 第6頁E-F行說:

“As Fuad VP said in Attorney General v Lam Yat Sing, CAAR 14/1992:
   
… everything will depend so heavily on the particular facts of each case.’”

6.再者,上訴庭在區錦明(譯音)一案第5-6頁指出 (HKSAR and Au Kam-ming and others, CACC 531/1997):-

“The primary focus of this Court in an appeal against sentence is upon the sentence actually imposed.  If the sentence is within the correct range of sentences properly passed for that type of offence by the judge, so that it is neither wrong in principle nor manifestly excessive, this Court will not interfere.
 
There can be no guidelines for s.17 offences of causing grievous bodily harm with intent nor for closely associated offences, such as conspiracy to inflict grievous bodily harm or counselling and procuring such an offence.  The reason is obvious.  The facts are so infinitely variable that the sentence is one for the judge to assess in all the circumstances.  Previous cases with different facts in different circumstances are therefore of limited value.  They remain examples of sentences passed by different courts in different circumstances, only representing the body of judicial opinion which establishes approximate tariffs.:

7.就量刑起點,上訴庭在上述袁偉渠一案第6頁第21段指出,這類罪行的判刑範圍是3-12年:-

“We believe that the learned judge was perfectly right in regarding 3 to 12 years, as the range of sentences for this kind of offence, see Cross & Cheung: Sentencing in Hong Kong.”

8.本案問題的關鍵在於本案之案情是否屬同類罪行中最嚴重的一種,一如原審法官在判刑時指出,申請人是有預謀地襲擊一個手無寸鐵的女人,他在受害人背後插了一刀,繼而用菜刀向受害人頭部襲擊,而申請人當時似乎是想將受害人置諸死地,如果當時受害人沒有用手將菜刀抓住,她可能會受到更嚴重的傷害。但當法庭要決定本案是否為同類案件中最嚴重的類別時,法庭也應考慮到申請人所作所為的長遠後果。幸好本案受害人已完全康復。雖然,原審法官指受害人:“好可能仍然係心有餘悸嘅”,但通常刑期最高的案件,受害人會是受到嚴重及永久性的傷殘。答辯人指出受害人的女兒(當時5歲)也目睹申請人襲擊受害人,這無可避免的令該女童受驚及帶來心理創傷,但原審法官沒有考慮到這說法,本庭相信這是因為沒有證據證明該女童有受到永久的心理創傷。故此,本案與其他同類的罪行而言,後果可以說是較輕。正常來說,受害人如果受到永久性的傷害,刑期會比較重。

9.本庭認為原審法官沒有將這點充分地考慮,所以本庭有理由干預原審法官的判決。一如以上所說,這類案件是沒有判刑的指引,每宗案件的判刑是端視案情而定。雖然申請人曾有多次案底,但他們的性質與本案不同。況且根據Ms Sarina Lam, Clinical Psychologist, Correctional Service Department指出,申請人只有:

“… a Verbal IQ of 71, a Performance IQ of 79 and a Full-Scale IQ of 74.  This was within the range of Limited Intelligence.  That means his intellectual functioning was estimated to be among the poorest 5% compared to the test norm”,

故此,本庭認為適當的量刑基準應是9年監禁,因申請人認罪而應獲三分一的扣減,所以申請人應被判處入獄6年。

10.本庭批准申請人就判刑上訴,而視其申請為正式上訴,判上訴得直,並作出反映上述判刑的命令。

(胡國興)
高等法院上訴法庭副庭長
(鄧國楨)
高等法院上訴法庭法官

答辯人:由律政司李鏡鏞高級政府律師代表。

申請人:無律師代表,親自應訊。